scholarly journals Recent Advances on the Development of Protein-Based Adhesives for Wood Composite Materials—A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7617
Author(s):  
Nidal Del Valle Raydan ◽  
Leo Leroyer ◽  
Bertrand Charrier ◽  
Eduardo Robles
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Wood Composite ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Wood Adhesives ◽  
Lower Toxicity ◽  
Biobased Materials ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Recent Developments

The industrial market depends intensely on wood-based composites for buildings, furniture, and construction, involving significant developments in wood glues since 80% of wood-based products use adhesives. Although biobased glues have been used for many years, notably proteins, they were replaced by synthetic ones at the beginning of the 20th century, mainly due to their better moisture resistance. Currently, most wood adhesives are based on petroleum-derived products, especially formaldehyde resins commonly used in the particleboard industry due to their high adhesive performance. However, formaldehyde has been subjected to strong regulation, and projections aim for further restrictions within wood-based panels from the European market, due to its harmful emissions. From this perspective, concerns about environmental footprint and the toxicity of these formulations have prompted researchers to re-investigate the utilization of biobased materials to formulate safer alternatives. In this regard, proteins have sparked a new and growing interest in the potential development of industrial adhesives for wood due to their advantages, such as lower toxicity, renewable sourcing, and reduced environmental footprint. This work presents the recent developments in the use of proteins to formulate new wood adhesives. Herein, it includes the historical development of wood adhesives, adhesion mechanism, and the current hotspots and recent progress of potential proteinaceous feedstock resources for adhesive preparation.

scholarly journals Technologies for delivery of proton and ion beams for radiotherapy

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 1441002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hywel Owen ◽  
David Holder ◽  
Jose Alonso ◽  
Ranald Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
External Beam ◽  
Ion Beam Therapy ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments for the delivery of proton and ion beam therapy have been significant, and a number of technological solutions now exist for the creation and utilisation of these particles for the treatment of cancer. In this paper we review the historical development of particle accelerators used for external beam radiotherapy and discuss the more recent progress towards more capable and cost-effective sources of particles.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Lignin- and Tannin-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Resins for Wood Adhesives—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4242
Author(s):  
Manggar Arum Aristri ◽  
Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis ◽  
Sumit Manohar Yadav ◽  
Petar Antov ◽  
Antonios N. Papadopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Wood Adhesives ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Lighting Industry ◽  
Renewable Natural Resources ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Strong Adhesion

This review article aims to summarize the potential of using renewable natural resources, such as lignin and tannin, in the preparation of NIPUs for wood adhesives. Polyurethanes (PUs) are extremely versatile polymeric materials, which have been widely used in numerous applications, e.g., packaging, footwear, construction, the automotive industry, the lighting industry, insulation panels, bedding, furniture, metallurgy, sealants, coatings, foams, and wood adhesives. The isocyanate-based PUs exhibit strong adhesion properties, excellent flexibility, and durability, but they lack renewability. Therefore, this study focused on the development of non-isocyanate polyurethane lignin and tannin resins for wood adhesives. PUs are commercially synthesized using polyols and polyisocyanates. Isocyanates are toxic, costly, and not renewable; thus, a search of suitable alternatives in the synthesis of polyurethane resins is needed. The reaction with diamine compounds could result in NIPUs based on lignin and tannin. The research on bio-based components for PU synthesis confirmed that they have good characteristics as an alternative for the petroleum-based adhesives. The advantages of improved strength, low curing temperatures, shorter pressing times, and isocyanate-free properties were demonstrated by lignin- and tannin-based NIPUs. The elimination of isocyanate, associated with environmental and human health hazards, NIPU synthesis, and its properties and applications, including wood adhesives, are reported comprehensively in this paper. The future perspectives of NIPUs’ production and application were also outlined.

scholarly journals A Review on Recent Progress of Glycan-Based Surfactant Micelles as Nanoreactor Systems for Chemical Synthesis Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-186
Author(s):  
Bahareh Vafakish ◽  
Lee D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Surfactant Micelles ◽  
Conventional Surfactant ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
To Receive

The nanoreactor concept and its application as a modality to carry out chemical reactions in confined and compartmentalized structures continues to receive increasing attention. Micelle-based nanoreactors derived from various classes of surfactant demonstrate outstanding potential for chemical synthesis. Polysaccharide (glycan-based) surfactants are an emerging class of biodegradable, non-toxic, and sustainable alternatives over conventional surfactant systems. The unique structure of glycan-based surfactants and their micellar structures provide a nanoenvironment that differs from that of the bulk solution, and supported by chemical reactions with uniquely different reaction rates and mechanisms. In this review, the aggregation of glycan-based surfactants to afford micelles and their utility for the synthesis of selected classes of reactions by the nanoreactor technique is discussed. Glycan-based surfactants are ecofriendly and promising surfactants over conventional synthetic analogues. This contribution aims to highlight recent developments in the field of glycan-based surfactants that are relevant to nanoreactors, along with future opportunities for research. In turn, coverage of research for glycan-based surfactants in nanoreactor assemblies with tailored volume and functionality is anticipated to motivate advanced research for the synthesis of diverse chemical species.

scholarly journals The Recent Progress of Natural Sources and Manufacturing Process of Biodiesel: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5599
Author(s):  
Eko Supriyanto ◽  
Jayan Sentanuhady ◽  
Ariyana Dwiputra ◽  
Ari Permana ◽  
Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Biodiesel has caught the attention of many researchers because it has great potential to be a sustainable fossil fuel substitute. Biodiesel has a non-toxic and renewable nature and has been proven to emit less environmentally harmful emissions such as hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) as smoke particles during combustion. Problems related to global warming caused by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could also be solved by utilizing biodiesel as a daily energy source. However, the expensive cost of biodiesel production, mainly because of the cost of natural feedstock, hinders the potential of biodiesel commercialization. The selection of natural sources of biodiesel should be made with observations from economic, agricultural, and technical perspectives to obtain one feasible biodiesel with superior characteristics. This review paper presents a detailed overview of various natural sources, their physicochemical properties, the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of biodiesel when used in a diesel engine. The recent progress in studies about natural feedstocks and manufacturing methods used in biodiesel production were evaluated in detail. Finally, the findings of the present work reveal that transesterification is currently the most superior and commonly used biodiesel production method compared to other methods available.

Recent Developments in Social Policy in the New European Union

ILR Review ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Addison ◽  
W. Stanley Siebert
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Adjustment Costs ◽  
Labor Policy ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Labor Market Regulation ◽  
Future Direction

This paper assesses the recent progress and future direction of labor policy in the European Community, now the European Union. The authors show that most of the mandates foreshadowed under the December 1989 Community Social Charter have now been enacted into law. They analyze the possible costs, as well as the benefits, of these firstphase mandates and show the link between these adjustment costs and the Community's policy of providing subsidies to its poorer member states. They also demonstrate how the new Treaty on European Union, agreed to at Maastricht in December 1991, has increased the scope for Community-level labor market regulation.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in X-ray and Neutron Phase Imaging with Gratings

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Momose ◽  
Hidekazu Takano ◽  
Yanlin Wu ◽  
Koh Hashimoto ◽  
Tetsuo Samoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Phase Imaging ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phase Microscopy ◽  
Grating Fabrication ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Time Of Flight Method

Under the JST-ERATO project in progress to develop X-ray and neutron phase-imaging methods together, recent achievements have been selected and reviewed after describing the merit and the principle of the phase imaging method. For X-ray phase imaging, recent developments of four-dimensional phase tomography and phase microscopy at SPring-8, Japan are mainly presented. For neutron phase imaging, an approach in combination with the time-of-flight method developed at J-PARC, Japan is described with the description of new Gd grating fabrication.

scholarly journals Progress and Insights in the Application of MXenes as New 2D Nano-Materials Suitable for Biosensors and Biofuel Cell Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simonas Ramanavicius ◽  
Arunas Ramanavicius
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Biofuel Cells ◽  
Biofuel Cell ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
New Class ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Wearable Electronic ◽  
Wearable Electronic Devices

Recent progress in the application of new 2D-materials—MXenes—in the design of biosensors, biofuel cells and bioelectronics is overviewed and some advances in this area are foreseen. Recent developments in the formation of a relatively new class of 2D metallically conducting MXenes opens a new avenue for the design of conducting composites with metallic conductivity and advanced sensing properties. Advantageous properties of MXenes suitable for biosensing applications are discussed. Frontiers and new insights in the area of application of MXenes in sensorics, biosensorics and in the design of some wearable electronic devices are outlined. Some disadvantages and challenges in the application of MXene based structures are critically discussed.

Recent Developments in Artificial Molecular-Machine–Based Active Nanomaterials and Nanosystems

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Jun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Molecular Machines ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Molecular Machine ◽  
Mechanical Motion ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractArtificial molecular machines capable of converting chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical energy into mechanical motion represent a high-impact, fast-growing field of interdisciplinary research. These molecular-scale systems utilize a “bottom-up” technology centered upon the design and manipulation of molecular assemblies and are potentially capable of delivering efficient actuation at length scales dramatically smaller than traditional microscale actuators. As actuation materials, molecular machines have many advantages, such as high strain (40%–60%), high force and energy densities, and the capability to maintain their actuation properties from the level of a single molecule to the macroscale. These advantages have inspired researchers to develop molecular-machine–based active nanomaterials and nanosystems, including electroactive and photoactive polymers. This article will discuss the structures and properties of artificial molecular machines, as well as review recent progress on efforts to move molecular machines from solution to surfaces to devices.

scholarly journals SPACETIME SINGULARITIES: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 1330002 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAES UGGLA
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Homogeneous Case ◽  
Rigorous Results ◽  
Homogeneous Cosmology ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Viii And Ix ◽  
Spatially Homogeneous ◽  
Generic Singularities ◽  
Asymptotic Symmetries

Recent developments concerning oscillatory spacelike singularities in general relativity are taking place on two fronts. The first treats generic singularities in spatially homogeneous cosmology, most notably Bianchi types VIII and IX. The second deals with generic oscillatory singularities in inhomogeneous cosmologies, especially those with two commuting spacelike Killing vectors. This paper describes recent progress in these two areas: in the spatially homogeneous case, focus is on mathematically rigorous results, while analytical and numerical results concerning generic behavior and so-called recurring spike formation are the main topics in the inhomogeneous case. Unifying themes are connections between asymptotic behavior, hierarchical structures and solution generating techniques, which provide hints for a link between the nature of generic singularities and a hierarchy of hidden asymptotic symmetries.

Recent progress in the field of neoglycoconjugate chemistry

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Carmen Jiménez-Castells ◽  
Sira Defaus ◽  
David Andreu ◽  
Ricardo Gutiérrez-Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Heterogeneous Mixture ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Single Protein ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractGlycosylation is probably the most complex secondary gene event that affects the vast majority of proteins in nature resulting in the occurrence of a heterogeneous mixture of glycoforms for a single protein. Many functions are exerted by single monosaccharides, well-defined oligosaccharides, or larger glycans present in these glycoproteins. To unravel these functions it is of the utmost importance to prepare well-defined single glycans conjugated to the underlying aglycon. In this review, the most recent developments are described to address the preparation of carbohydrate-amino acid (glyco-conjugates). Naturally occurring N- and O-linked glycosylation are described and the preparation of non-natural sugar-amino acid linkages are also included.

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