Interfacial Engineering of Pickering Emulsion Co-Stabilized by Zein Nanoparticles and Tween 20: Effects of the Particle Size on the Interfacial Concentration of Gallic Acid and the Oxidative Stability

Lipid oxidation is still one of the major food-safety issues associated with the emulsion-based food systems. Engineering the interfacial region is an effective way to improve the oxidative stability of emulsion. Herein, a novel Pickering emulsion with strong oxidative stability was prepared by using zein nanoparticles and Tween 20 as stabilizers (ZPE). The modulation effects of the particle size on the distribution of gallic acid (GA) and the oxidative stability of ZPE were investigated. In the absence of GA, Pickering emulsions stabilized with different sizes of zein nanoparticles showed similar oxidative stability, and the physical barrier effect took the dominant role in retarding lipid oxidation. Moreover, in the presence of GA, ZPE stabilized by zein nanoparticles with the averaged particle size of 130 nm performed stronger oxidation than those stabilized by zein nanoparticles of 70 and 220 nm. Our study revealed that the interfacial concentration of GA (GAI) was tuned by zein nanoparticles due to the interaction between them, but the difference in the binding affinity between GA and zein nanoparticles was not the dominant factor regulating the (GAI). It was the interfacial content of zein nanoparticles (Γ), which was affected by the particle size, modulated the (GAI) and further dominated the oxidative stability of ZPEs. The present study suggested that the potential of thickening the interfacial layer to prevent lipid oxidation was limited, increasing the interfacial concentration of antioxidant by interfacial engineering offered a more efficient alternative.

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Interfacial Concentrations of Hydroxytyrosol Derivatives in Fish Oil-in-Water Emulsions and Nanoemulsions and Its Influence on Their Lipid Oxidation: Droplet Size Effects

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9121897 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1897

Author(s):

Marlene Costa ◽

Sonia Losada-Barreiro ◽

Carlos Bravo-Díaz ◽

Luís S. Monteiro ◽

Fátima Paiva-Martins

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Oxidative Stability ◽

Droplet Size ◽

Size Effects ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Interfacial Region ◽

Principal Parameter ◽

Antioxidant Efficiency ◽

Interfacial Concentration ◽

Oil In Water

Reports on the effect of droplet size on the oxidative stability of emulsions and nanoemulsions are scarce in the literature and frequently contradictory. Here, we have employed a set of hydroxytyrosol (HT) esters of different hydrophobicity and fish oil-in-water emulsified systems containing droplets of different sizes to evaluate the effect of the droplet size, surfactant, (ΦI) and oil (ΦO) volume fractions on their oxidative stability. To quantitatively unravel the observed findings, we employed a well-established pseudophase kinetic model to determine the distribution and interfacial concentrations of the antioxidants (AOs) in the intact emulsions and nanoemulsions. Results show that there is a direct correlation between antioxidant efficiency and the concentration of the AOs in the interfacial region, which is much higher (20–200 fold) than the stoichiometric one. In both emulsified systems, the highest interfacial concentration and the highest antioxidant efficiency was found for hydroxytyrosol octanoate. Results clearly show that the principal parameter controlling the partitioning of antioxidants is the surfactant volume fraction, ΦI, followed by the O/W ratio; meanwhile, the droplet size has no influence on their interfacial concentrations and, therefore, on their antioxidant efficiency. Moreover, no correlation was seen between droplet size and oxidative stability of both emulsions and nanoemulsions.

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Ingredient-Dependent Extent of Lipid Oxidation in Margarine

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10010105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Sarah Fruehwirth ◽

Sandra Egger ◽

Dennis Kurzbach ◽

Jakob Windisch ◽

Franz Jirsa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Oxidative Stability ◽

Green Tea ◽

Acyl Chain ◽

Green Tea Extract ◽

Tocopheryl Acetate ◽

Tea Extract ◽

The Impact ◽

Β Carotene

This study reports the impact of margarine-representative ingredients on its oxidative stability and green tea extract as a promising antioxidant in margarine. Oil-in-water emulsions received much attention regarding factors that influence their oxidative stability, however, water-in-oil emulsions have only been scarcely investigated. Margarine, a widely consumed water-in-oil emulsion, consists of 80–90% fat and is thermally treated when used for baking. As different types of margarine contain varying additives, their impact on the oxidative stability of margarine during processing is of pressing importance. Thus, the influence of different ingredients, such as emulsifiers, antioxidants, citric acid, β-carotene and NaCl on the oxidative stability of margarine, heated at 80 °C for 1 h to accelerate lipid oxidation, was analyzed by the peroxide value and oxidation induction time. We found that monoglycerides influenced lipid oxidation depending on their fatty acyl chain. α-Tocopheryl acetate promoted lipid oxidation, while rosemary and green tea extract led to the opposite. Whereas green tea extract alone showed the most prominent antioxidant effect, combinations of green tea extract with citric acid, β-carotene or NaCl increased lipid oxidation in margarine. Complementary, NMR data suggested that polyphenols in green tea extracts might decrease lipid mobility at the surface of the water droplets, which might lead to chelating of transition metals at the interface and decreasing lipid oxidation.

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Quantitative and Predictive Modelling of Lipid Oxidation in Mayonnaise

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10020287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 287

Author(s):

Donny W. H. Merkx ◽

Andries Swager ◽

Ewoud J. J. van Velzen ◽

John P. M. van Duynhoven ◽

Marie Hennebelle

Keyword(s):

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Oxidative Stability ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Onset Time ◽

Predictive Modelling ◽

Oxidation Products ◽

Food Emulsions ◽

Hydroperoxide Formation ◽

Life Tests ◽

Volatile Aldehydes

Food emulsions with high amounts of unsaturated fats, such as mayonnaise, are prone to lipid oxidation. In the food industry, typically accelerated shelf life tests are applied to assess the oxidative stability of different formulations. Here, the appearance of aldehydes at the so-called onset time, typically weeks, is considered a measure for oxidative stability of food emulsions, such as mayonnaise. To enable earlier assessment of compromised shelf-life, a predictive model for volatile off-flavor generation is developed. The model is based on the formation kinetics of hydroperoxides, which are early oxidation products and precursors of volatile aldehydes, responsible for off-flavor. Under accelerated shelf-life conditions (50 °C), hydroperoxide (LOOH) concentration over time shows a sigmoidal curvature followed by an acceleration phase that occurs at a LOOH-concentration between 38–50 mmol/kg, here interpreted as a critical LOOH concentration (CCLOOH). We hypothesize that the time at which CCLOOH was reached is related to the onset of aldehyde generation and that the characterization of the LOOH-generation curvature could be based on reaction kinetics in the first days. These hypotheses are tested using semi-empirical models to describe the autocatalytic character of hydroperoxide formation in combination with the CCLOOH. The Foubert function is selected as best describing the LOOH-curvature and is hence used to accurately predict onset of aldehyde generation, in most cases within several days of shelf-life. Furthermore, we find that the defining parameters of this model could be used to recognize antioxidant mechanisms at play.

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Oxidative stability during frozen storage of fillets from silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen ) sedated with the essential oil of Aloysia triphylla during transport

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20140241 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 560-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ana Paula Daniel ◽

Lauren Fresinghelli Ferreira ◽

Bruna Klein ◽

Amanda Roggia Ruviaro ◽

Andréia Quatrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Oxidative Stability ◽

Frozen Storage ◽

Storage Period ◽

Oxidation Products ◽

Secondary Products ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Rhamdia Quelen ◽

Aloysia Triphylla

ABSTRACT: This research aimed to evaluate whether the essential oil of Aloysia triphylla (EOAT) used in vivo as a sedative in the water for transporting fish could increase the oxidative stability of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) fillets during frozen storage. The chemical composition of EOAT and of fillets from fish exposed to EOAT (0, 30 or 40µL L-1) were assessed. The pH and lipid oxidation parameters (conjugated dienes, CD; thiobarbituric acid-reactive-substances, TBARS) were evaluated in the fillets throughout the storage period (-18±2oC/17 months). The main compounds found in EOAT were α- and β-citral. Treatment with EOAT did not modify the proximate composition of the fillets, but 40µL L-1 EOAT reduced pH levels when compared to the control fillets (P<0.05). Compared to the control fillets, the fillets from fish treated with 30 and 40µL L-1 EOAT had higher initial CD values (P<0.05), whereas fillets from fish treated with 40µL L-1 EOAT had lower TBARS levels after 6, 9 and 17 months of storage (P<0.05). Results indicated that use of EOAT as a sedative in silver catfish transport water delays the degradation of primary oxidation products (CD) into secondary products (TBARS) in the frozen fillets. This delay in the lipid oxidation rate may increase the shelf life of frozen fillets.

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FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LAFUTIDINE NANOSUSPENSION FOR ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2018v10i2.23075 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noor Mohammed Dawood ◽

Shaimaa Nazar Abdal-hammid ◽

Ahmed Abbas Hussien

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Fourier Transforms ◽

Oral Drug Delivery ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Oral Drug ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Dissolution Profile ◽

Particle Size Reduction

Objective: The objective of this study was to prepare nanosuspension of a practical water insoluble antiulcer drug which is lafutidine to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate with studying the effect of different formulation variables to obtain the best formula with appropriate physical properties and higher dissolution rate.Methods: Nanosuspension of lafutidine was prepared using solvent anti-solvent precipitation method using Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-90(PVP K-90) as the stabilizer. Ten formulations were prepared to show the effect of different variables in which two formulations showed the effect of stabilizer type, three formulations showed the effect of stabilizer concentration, two formulations showed the effect of combination of polymer with surfactant such as tween 80, three formulations show the effect of stirring speed and three formulations prepare to show the effect of addition of co-surfactant such as tween 20. All these formulations are evaluated for their particle size and entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. The selected one was evaluated for zeta potential, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, saturation solubility and stability study.Results: The formulations (F3-F10) were in the nano size. The optimum concentration of the stabilizer was in the formulation when the drug: polymer: surfactant ratio 1:4:4 and the optimum stirring speed was 1500 rpm. Dramatic effect on the particle size reduction was found by the addition of co-surfactant (tween 20) in formulation F7 that has a particle size 15.89±1.8 nm. The selected formula F7 showed an enhanced dissolution profile (10 min) compared to the pure drug at all-time intervals.Conclusion: The results show that the formulation that contains drug: PVP-K90: tween 80: tween 20 in ratio 1:4:2:2 is the best one and can be utilized to formulate lafutidine nanosuspension.

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Kinetic Behaviour of Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition by Ultrasonicated A. malaccensis and A. subintegra Leaves of Different Particle Sizes

BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING AND CATALYSIS ◽

10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8864.818-828 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 818-828

Author(s):

Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi ◽

Fazlena Hamzah ◽

Ku Halim Ku Hamid

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Pancreatic Lipase ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Competitive Inhibition ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition ◽

Lipase Inhibition

Gallic acid and quercetin equivalent were determined in the crude extract of matured leaves Aquilaria malaccensis and Aquilaria subintegra. The leaves of both Aquilaria species were dried at 60 °C for 24 hours, ground and sieved into particle size of 250, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 µm. Then, each particle size of leaves was soaked in distilled water with a ratio of 1:100 (w/v) for 24 hours and undergoes the pre-treatment method by using ultrasonicator (37 kHz), at the temperature of 60 °C for 30 minutes. The crude extracts were obtained after about 4 hours of hydrodistillation process. The highest concentration of gallic acid and quercetin equivalent was determined in the crude extract from the particle size of 250 µm. The kinetics of pancreatic lipase inhibition was further studied based using the Lineweaver-Burk plot, wherein the concentration of p-NPP as the substrate and pancreatic lipase were varied. Based on the formation of the lines in the plot, the crude leaves extract of both Aquilaria species exhibit the mixed-inhibition on pancreatic lipase, which indicates that in the reaction, the inhibitors were not only attached to the free pancreatic lipase, but also to the pancreatic lipase-(p-NPP) complex. The reaction mechanism was similar to non-competitive inhibition; however the value of dissociation constant, Ki, for both inhibition pathways was different. The inhibition shows an increment in Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and a reduction in the maximum pancreatic lipase activity (Vm) compared to the reaction without Aquilaria spp. crude extracts (control). This proved that the inhibition occurred in this reaction. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

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Strategies to Improve the Thermo-Oxidative Stability of Sunflower Oil by Exploiting the Antioxidant Potential of Blueberries Processing Byproducts

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25235688 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (23) ◽

pp. 5688

Author(s):

Cristina-Ramona Metzner Ungureanu ◽

Mariana-Atena Poiana ◽

Ileana Cocan ◽

Andreea Ioana Lupitu ◽

Ersilia Alexa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Oxidative Stability ◽

Sunflower Oil ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽

Convective Heating ◽

Total Oxidation ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

The Impact

This research was conducted in order to establish the effectiveness of two freeze-dried extracts obtained from blueberry processing byproducts resulting from juice manufacturing compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in delaying the lipid oxidation of sunflower oil subjected to high-temperature convective heating at 180 °C up to 12 h under simulated frying conditions. The fruits were harvested from spontaneous flora of two regions of Romania, Arieseni (Alba County) and Paltinis (Sibiu County) and the blueberry byproducts extracts (BBE) were noted according to the origin place as ABBE and PBBE. The progress of lipid thermo-oxidation was investigated in terms of peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (p-AV), the response of TBA-malondialdehyde interactions assessed by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, the total oxidation (TOTOX) value and inhibition of oil oxidation (IO). The recorded data highlighted that BBE exhibit a high inhibitory response on lipid thermo-oxidation. The inhibitory effect was concentration-dependent, thus, the degree of lipid oxidation was in reverse related to the BBE dose. The exposure of the oil samples supplemented with 800 ppm BBE (ABBE, PBBE) to a high-temperature heating for 12 h led to a significant decrease of the assessed indices compared to additives-free sunflower oil sample as follows: PV (46%; 45%), p-AV (21%; 17%), TOTOX (27%; 24%), TBA value (25%; 11%). Regarding the impact of the origin on the potential of BBE to inhibit the lipid oxidative degradation, it was noted that ABBE derived from blueberries grown in a region with a milder climate with moderate precipitations and higher temperatures showed a stronger inhibitory effect on lipid thermo-oxidation than PBBE. A moderate level of 500 ppm BBE inhibited the lipid oxidation similar to 200 ppm BHT. The reported results reveal that BBE represent efficient natural antioxidants that could be successfully applied to improve the thermo-oxidative stability of sunflower oil used in various high-temperature food applications.

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Oxidative Stability of the Meat of Broilers Fed Diets Supplemented with Various Levels of Blackcurrant Extract (Ribes nigrum L.) during Different Time Period

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2018/3403975 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kamil Sierżant ◽

Małgorzata Korzeniowska ◽

Barbara Król ◽

Janusz Orda ◽

Aneta Wojdyło

Keyword(s):

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Oxidative Stability ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Performance Indices ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Thigh Muscles ◽

Time Period ◽

Supplementation Period ◽

Grower Diet

In the 20 d experiment, the influence of different concentration and supplementation period of commercial blackcurrant extract (BC) in the broiler diets on the oxidative stability of breast and thigh meat, as well as selected performance indices, was investigated. A number of 120 fifteen-d-old Hubbard Flex male chicks (initial BW 363.5 ± 22.9 g) were randomly allocated to five groups: the control and four treatments (6 replicates, 4 birds per cage in each group). The BC extract was administrated to treatment groups at two concentrations (1.25 and 2.5 g/kg) and in different periods within the trial (i.e., from 15 to 35 d and from 25 to 35 d of life). Body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined during the 20-d experiment. At d 35, two randomly selected birds from each cage were decapitated, and pectoral and thigh muscles were collected. Extent of lipid oxidation after storage at chilling (2-3°C, 1, and 5 d) and freezing conditions (after 90 d, −18°C) was determined. The chickens’ growth performance and FCR were not affected by the concentrations and periods of BC supplementation. The enrichment of grower diet with 1.25 g/kg of BC extract reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in frozen thigh muscles (P<0.05), and this effect tended to appear (P<0.089) irrespective of duration of the supplementation period. Significant extent of lipid oxidation process was found in 1-d-chilled pectoral muscles of chickens receiving BC diet for 20 d or diet containing 2.5 g/kg of the extract. The results showed that BC extract may be an efficient source of antioxidants in chicken diet, which may increase oxidative stability of frozen dark meat. However, the conditions and ability of some polyphenols to initiate oxidation processes have not been fully understood and further studies are required.

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