scholarly journals A Review of Dietary Therapy for IBD and a Vision for the Future

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Green ◽  
Talya Miller ◽  
David Suskind ◽  
Dale Lee
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Exclusive Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Impact

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The rising incidence of IBD has been associated with urbanization and shifts toward a Westernized diet. The intestinal microbiome has been a focus of disease pathogenesis and also therapeutic intervention. Dietary therapy for IBD has been well-studied with exclusive enteral nutrition, a formula-based diet with the exclusion of foods. In addition, interest in food-based exclusion diets has been increasing, with patients and families leading the charge. Challenges with dietary therapy for IBD include the lack of understanding of a detailed mechanistic pathway to explain the impact of diet on IBD pathogenesis and the difficult nature of designing and implementing dietary clinical trials. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations and intervention studies have demonstrated efficacy, but specific dietary targets remain as hypotheses at present. Current IBD therapy focuses on suppression of the immune system, yet the incomplete efficacy of present drugs suggests that other therapies must be developed and employed. Dietary interventions, with known ability to modulate the intestinal microbiome, are a unique opportunity to improve outcomes in IBD. Dietary intervention trials are challenging, and capturing both broad dietary patterns as well as exposure to individual food compounds is important. With increasing patient interest and preliminary research in dietary therapy indicating efficacy, it is imperative to further advance the science of utilizing diet in IBD, as well as to support patients by proactively addressing diet within their care plan.

Smoking and Diet: Impact on Disease Course?

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Cosnes
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Mucosal Healing ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Exclusive Enteral Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of current smoking on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) course has been studied extensively; smoking is deleterious in Crohn's disease (CD), and beneficial in ulcerative colitis (UC). Except for enteral nutrition, there are only limited data regarding the impact of diet on disease course. Key Messages: Current smoking worsens the course of CD, increasing the incidence of flares, the need for steroids, immunosuppressants and re-operations. Conversely, smoking cessation has a rapid beneficial effect on disease course, decreasing the risk of flares and of post-operative recurrences. From 3 months after the quit date, quitters have a disease course similar to that of never smokers. Achieving smoking cessation in CD is thus an important goal of therapy. On the contrary, smoking improves the course of UC and in particular, is associated with a decreased need for colectomy. Smoking cessation increases the risk of flare and the need for steroids or immunosuppressants. However, patients with UC should not be discouraged to quit, because the beneficial effect of smoking for their disease is counterbalanced by the deleterious systemic effects of tobacco. Among dietary interventions, only exclusive enteral nutrition was shown to induce remission and achieve mucosal healing in some patients with CD. The beneficial effect of liquid-defined diet is observed whatever be the type of administration (orally or by tube), the type of diet regarding protein and fat content and resulting alterations in the gut microbiota. In UC, enteral nutrition has no effect. Finally, popularized restrictive diets in IBD as the specific-carbohydrate diet and the gluten-free diet have not been rigorously tested. In a small trial, a semi-vegetarian diet was shown to be effective in maintaining remission over 2 years in CD. Conclusions: Patients with IBD should not smoke and avoid passive smoking. Aside from the defined liquid diets, there is no rationale for advising particular diets.

scholarly journals Impact of hypocaloric dietary intervention on ovulation in obese women with PCOS

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. R15-R27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Y Jarrett ◽  
Marla E Lujan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of ovulatory dysfunction affecting women of reproductive age. Obesity and insulin resistance are thought to potentiate disruptions in antral follicle development that result in chronic anovulation, and as such, have become important therapeutic targets of dietary interventions aimed at weight loss. Caloric restriction has been shown to promote sporadic ovulation in obese women with PCOS, but improvements have occurred across a wide range of patients and little has been garnered about the factors that distinguish responders from non-responders. Further, few studies have evaluated the likelihood for modest weight loss to restore normal ovulatory cyclicity in PCOS. Consensus regarding the impact of dietary intervention on ovulation has been limited by variability in the measures used to characterize and report ovulatory status across studies. In response, this review provides an assessment of the evidence surrounding the effectiveness of hypocaloric dietary intervention to normalize ovulatory function in PCOS. The impact of physiological vs methodological factors on the evaluation of ovulatory status is discussed, and recommendations to strengthen future studies in this area are provided. Ultimately, further research is needed to understand the optimal dietary or lifestyle approaches that promote ovulation and sustained improvements in reproductive function in PCOS.

scholarly journals Interventional Influence of the Intestinal Microbiome Through Dietary Intervention and Bowel Cleansing Might Improve Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Hegelmaier ◽  
Marco Lebbing ◽  
Alexander Duscha ◽  
Laura Tomaske ◽  
Lars Tönges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Bowel Cleansing ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the gut microbiome is being increasingly appreciated in health and in various chronic diseases, among them neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the pathogenesis of PD, the role of the gut has been previously established. In conjunction with a better understanding of the intestinal microbiome, a link to the misfolding and spread of alpha-synuclein via inflammatory processes within the gut is discussed. In a case-control study, we assessed the gut microbiome of 54 PD patients and 32 healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we tested in this proof-of-concept study whether dietary intervention alone or additional physical colon cleaning may lead to changes of the gut microbiome in PD. 16 PD patients underwent a well-controlled balanced, ovo-lacto vegetarian diet intervention including short fatty acids for 14 days. 10 of those patients received additional treatment with daily fecal enema over 8 days. Stool samples were collected before and after 14 days of intervention. In comparison to HC, we could confirm previously reported PD associated microbiome changes. The UDPRS III significantly improved and the levodopa-equivalent daily dose decreased after vegetarian diet and fecal enema in a one-year follow-up. Additionally, we observed a significant association between the gut microbiome diversity and the UPDRS III and the abundance of Ruminococcaceae. Additionally, the abundance of Clostridiaceae was significantly reduced after enema. Dietary intervention and bowel cleansing may provide an additional non-pharmacologic therapeutic option for PD patients.

The impact of a complex workplace dietary intervention on Irish employees’ off-duty dietary intakes

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Fitzgerald ◽  
Lynn Buckley ◽  
Ivan J Perry ◽  
Fiona Geaney
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A paucity of evidence exists regarding the impact of workplace dietary interventions on employees’ off-duty dietary intakes. This study assessed the impact of workplace dietary interventions that included nutrition education and environmental dietary modification both alone and in combination on employees’ dietary intakes inside (on-duty) and outside (off-duty) of work. A pre–post study on employees’ on and off-duty dietary intakes was undertaken. Data were obtained from a complex workplace dietary intervention study (Food Choice at Work Trial). Four manufacturing workplaces were allocated to: Control (n = 111), nutrition education (n = 226), environmental dietary modification (n = 113) and nutrition education and environmental dietary modification combined (n = 400) (2013–14). Seven- to nine-month follow-up data were obtained for 517 employees (61% response) [Control (n = 67), Education (n = 107), Environment (n = 71) and Combined (n = 272)]. Dietary intakes were measured using 24-h dietary recalls. Differences between on and off-duty mean dietary intakes were compared and regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders. Significant reductions in on-duty intakes of total fat (−14.2 g/day, p = 0.000), saturated fat (−7 g/day, p = 0.000), salt (−1.4 g/day, p = 0.000) and total sugars (−8.9 g/day, p = 0.003) were observed in the Combined and in the Environment [total fat (−11.4 g/d, p = 0.017) and saturated fat (−8.8 g/day, p = 0.000)]. In the Combined, significant changes were also observed in off-duty intakes of total fat (−10.0 g/day, p = 0.001), saturated fat (−4.2 g/day, p = 0.001), salt (−0.7 g/day, p = 0.020) and total sugars (−8.1 g/day, p = 0.020). Food service can have a positive impact in our everyday environments, including inside and outside of work. Dietary interventions combining nutrition education and environmental dietary modification can improve employees’ on and off-duty dietary intakes.

scholarly journals Dietary Intervention Induced Distinct Repercussions in Response to the Individual Gut Microbiota as Demonstrated by the In Vitro Fecal Fermentation of Beef

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6841
Author(s):  
Vineet Singh ◽  
Youn-Chul Ryu ◽  
Tatsuya Unno
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Animals and humans have very different gut microbiota, and the human microbiota is unique to each individual. For these reasons, it is difficult to find a diet that provides all the nutrients according to individual requirements. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using simple in vitro fecal fermentation of digested food to evaluate fundamental differences in the gut metabolism of individuals with different microbiomes in response to specific dietary interventions. We fermented beef using six human fecal microbiotas, analyzed shifts in these microbiomes, and quantified short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in each system. Our results demonstrate that each microbiome responds with a unique shift in composition, SCFA production, and metabolic activity following 90 min of fecal fermentation of beef. Differentially abundant genera and metabolic activities varied among subjects. Only two subjects’ fecal microbiome showed no significant changes in their metabolic activity, while the other subjects’ microbial metagenome showed anywhere between 17 and 60 differences in their metabolism, including several changes associated with heart disease (i.e., depletion of oleate and palmitoleate biosynthesis). This study revealed the varying responses of each microbiome when exposed to digested beef, suggesting that this method could provide fundamental information in understanding personal nutrient requirements and the impact of changes in the individual gut microbiota on human health. Although further studies using larger study populations are required, this study describes a simple and cost-effective protocol for evaluating the interactions between specific dietary interventions and individual gut microbiota differences.

Dietary interventions, intestinal microenvironment, and obesity: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 601-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny G Santos ◽  
Bruna C Alves ◽  
Thais O Hammes ◽  
Valesca Dall’Alba
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Obesity has been linked to the intestinal microenvironment. Diet plays an important role in obesity and has been associated with microbiota. Objective This systematic review sought to evaluate the scientific evidence on the effect of dietary modification, including supplementation with prebiotics and probiotics, on microbiota diversity in obesity. Data sources A systematic search was performed in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Studies were considered eligible if they were clinical trials evaluating dietary intervention and microbiota, body weight, or clinical parameters in obesity. Data extraction Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. Results From 168 articles identified, 20 were included (n = 931 participants). Increased phyla abundance after food interventions was the main finding in relation to microbiota. Regarding the impact of interventions, increased insulin sensitivity, reduced levels of inflammatory markers, and reduced body mass index were shown in several studies. Conclusions Interventions that modulate microbiota, especially prebiotics, show encouraging results in treating obesity, improving insulin levels, inflammatory markers, and body mass index. Because the studies included in this review were heterogeneous, it is difficult to achieve conclusive and definitive results.

scholarly journals DIETARY MANIPULATION OF THE GUT MICROBIOME IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE PATIENTS: PROOF OF CONCEPT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Olendzki ◽  
Vanni Bucci ◽  
Caitlin Cawley ◽  
Rene Maserati ◽  
Margaret McManus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Model Complex ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTDiet is a modifiable, non-invasive, inexpensive behavior that is crucial in shaping the intestinal microbiome. A microbiome “imbalance” or dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is linked to inflammation. Here, we aim to define the impact of specific foods on bacterial species commonly depleted in patients with IBD to better inform dietary treatment. We performed a single-arm, pre-post intervention trial. After a baseline period, a dietary intervention with the IBD-Anti-Inflammatory Diet (IBD-AID) was initiated. We collected stool and blood samples and assessed dietary intake throughout the study. We applied advanced computational approaches to define and model complex interactions between the foods reported and the microbiome. A dense dataset comprising 553 dietary records and 340 stool samples was obtained from 22 participants. Consumption of prebiotics, probiotics, and beneficial foods correlated with increased abundance of Clostridia and Bacteroides, commonly depleted in IBD cohorts. We further show that the IBD-AID intervention affects the immune tone by lowering IL-8 and increasing GM-CSF with certain foods correlating with levels of those cytokines. By using robust predictive analytics, this study represents the first steps to detangle diet-microbiome interactions to inform personalized nutrition for patients suffering from dysbiosis-related IBD.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary iron intake on the development of iron overload among homozygotes for haemochromatosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1823-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Tao ◽  
David L Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Monte Carlo Model ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the role of dietary Fe in total body Fe (TBI) accumulation among homozygotes for theHFEgene associated with haemochromatosis.DesignA Monte Carlo model was built to simulate Fe accumulation based on findings from human feeding experiments and national dietary surveys. A hypothetical cohort of 1000 homozygotes with starting age 25 years was used in 39-year simulations. The impact of reducing dietary Fe intake on Fe accumulation was tested.ResultsIn the baseline model without any dietary intervention, by age 64, the percentage of males with TBI > 10 g, >15 g and >20 g was 93·2 %, 49·6 % and 14·7 %, respectively. When the Fe intake of individuals in the cohort was reduced to ≤200 % of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), the corresponding percentages were 92·0 %, 40·5 % and 10·2 %, respectively. The corresponding figures were 91·0 %, 40·0 % and 9·3 % for Fe defortification and 70·3 %, 21·3 % and 4·1 % when Fe intake was capped at 100 % RDA. Similar trends were seen with sexes combined, although the impact of interventions was less. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the rate of Fe accumulation and the impact of dietary interventions are highly dependent on assumptions concerning Fe absorption rates.ConclusionsVariation in Fe intake as currently observed in the USA contributes to variation in Fe accumulation among homozygotes, when continued over an extended period. Lifelong dietary habits and national fortification policy can affect the rate of Fe accumulation, although the magnitude of the effect varies by gender, the TBI level of interest and factors affecting the Fe absorption rate.

Dietary interventions in mild cognitive impairment and dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Nutritional Elements

Dietary intervention is an enticing approach in the fight against cognitive impairment. Nutritional supplements and dietetic counseling are relatively easy and benign interventions, but research has not yet yielded irrefutable evidence as to their clinical utility. Heterogeneity in the results of available clinical studies, as well as methodological and practical issues, does not allow replication and generalization of findings. The paper at hand reviews only randomized clinical trials of single nutrients, multi-nutrient formulations and dietary counseling in mild cognitive impairment and dementia of the Alzheimer's type focusing on both cognitive and functional outcomes. Thus far, folate, vitamin E, Ω-3 fatty acids, and certain multi-nutrient formulations have shown some preliminary promising results; larger, well-designed trials are needed to confirm these findings before nutritional elements can be incorporated in recommended clinical guidelines.

Dietary Patterns: A New Therapeutic Approach for Depression?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Jesus ◽  
Tânia Silva ◽  
César Cagigal ◽  
Vera Martins ◽  
Carla Silva
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The field of nutritional psychiatry is a fast-growing one. Although initially, it focused on the effects of vitamins and micronutrients in mental health, in the last decade, its focus also extended to the dietary patterns. The possibility of a dietary cost-effective intervention in the most common mental disorder, depression, cannot be overlooked due to its potential large-scale impact. Method: A classic review of the literature was conducted, and studies published between 2010 and 2018 focusing on the impact of dietary patterns in depression and depressive symptoms were included. Results: We found 10 studies that matched our criteria. Most studies showed an inverse association between healthy dietary patterns, rich in fruits, vegetables, lean meats, nuts and whole grains, and with low intake of processed and sugary foods, and depression and depressive symptoms throughout an array of age groups, although some authors reported statistical significance only in women. While most studies were of cross-sectional design, making it difficult to infer causality, a randomized controlled trial presented similar results. Discussion: he association between dietary patterns and depression is now well-established, although the exact etiological pathways are still unknown. Dietary intervention, with the implementation of healthier dietary patterns, closer to the traditional ones, can play an important role in the prevention and adjunctive therapy of depression and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: More large-scale randomized clinical trials need to be conducted, in order to confirm the association between high-quality dietary patterns and lower risk of depression and depressive symptoms.

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