scholarly journals The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Snacking and Weight among Adolescents: A Scoping Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria G. Williamson ◽  
Abhaya Dilip ◽  
Jackson R. Dillard ◽  
Jane Morgan-Daniel ◽  
Alexandra M. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
The Relationship

Eating behaviors, including unhealthy snacking or excessive snacking leading to excess calorie consumption, may contribute to obesity among adolescents. Socioeconomic status (SES) also significantly influences eating behaviors, and low SES is associated with increased risk for obesity. However, little is known regarding the relationship between snacking behavior and SES among adolescents and how this may contribute to obesity-related outcomes. The primary objective of this scoping review was to review the literature to assess and characterize the relationship between SES and snacking in adolescents. The secondary objective was to assess weight-related outcomes and their relation to snacking habits. Included articles were published between January 2000 and May 2019; written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish; and focused on adolescents (13–17 years). In total, 14 bibliographic databases were searched, and seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Preliminary evidence from the seven included studies suggests a weak but potential link between SES and snacking. Additionally, these dietary patterns seemed to differ by sex and income type of country. Finally, only three of the included studies addressed weight-related outcomes, but the overall available evidence suggests that snacking does not significantly affect weight-related outcomes. Due to the small number of included studies, results should be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals Protocol: The relationship between vitamin A and body mass: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasim A Iqbal ◽  
Gavin B Stewart ◽  
Ines Mendes ◽  
Kieran Finney ◽  
Anthony Oxley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Adipose Tissue Depots ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
The Relationship

The proposed protocol is for a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between vitamin A and body mass. The primary objective is to explore the mechanisms between vitamin A and adiposity such as inflammation, dietary intake and body fat. The secondary objective is to look at the extent to which vitamin A is stored in different adipose tissue depots. The protocol outlines the motive and scope for the review, and methodology including the risk of bias, statistical analysis, screening and study criteria.

An Empirical Perspective on Visual Icon Design

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-451
Author(s):  
Andrew Sears ◽  
Julie A. Jacko ◽  
Byron Brewer ◽  
Lylliam D. Robelo
Keyword(s):  
Primary Objective ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Empirical Perspective ◽  
Graphic Image ◽  
Iconic Representations ◽  
The Relationship

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate two methods for assessing the quality of iconic representations of computer functionality. A secondary objective is to explore the relationship between frequency of use of specific computer functions and icon usage. These objectives were accomplished by investigating the identifiability, perceived effectiveness, and frequency of use of 34 icons used in the standard and formatting toolbars of Microsoft® Word 7.0. More specifically, our data provide information regarding the perceived effectiveness of the iconic representation given its associated functionality, free-form recall of associated functionality given only the icon, frequency of use of the functionality (either by access through the icon or the menu) and frequency of icon use. To accomplish our objectives, we constructed and administered a four-part survey to 353 volunteers. The results compose the first empirically documented evidence that icon use is not merely a function of how frequently users access the functionality the icon is designed to represent. The results also suggests that the ability of users to correctly identify the functionality of an icon given only the graphic image may be an effective method of evaluating the quality of alternative icon designs.

Abstract TP338: The Dynamic CT Angiography Spot Sign: Prevalence, Predictive Value, and Rate of Contrast Extravasation

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dar Dowlatshahi ◽  
Hee Sahng Chung ◽  
Franco Momoli ◽  
Grant Stotts ◽  
Richard I Aviv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Angiography ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Hematoma Expansion ◽  
Contrast Extravasation ◽  
Spot Sign ◽  
Maximal Volume ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Hematoma expansion is a predictor of poor clinical outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The CT angiography (CTA) spot sign is a validated predictor of hematoma expansion, but its predictive performance is modest. This is in part because traditional “static” CTA can miss delayed spot signs, depending on the timing of image acquisition. Dynamic CTA (dCTA) can detect delayed spot sign formation and allows calculation of contrast extravasation rate. However, the predictive performance of a delayed “dynamic spot” and the relationship between rate of extravasation and hematoma expansion are not known. Our primary objective was to calculate the prevalence and predictive performance of the dynamic spot sign with dCTA. Our secondary objective was to determine whether the rate of contrast extravasation predicts significant hematoma expansion. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 79 patients who presented with primary ICH and underwent dCTA within 6 hours from onset. Primary outcomes were the prevalence of dCTA spot sign and its predictive performance for significant hematoma expansion (increase in hematoma by 6mL or 33% from baseline). For the secondary objective, we calculated the rate of contrast extravasation as the slope of the time curve from the first appearance of contrast at a spot sign to the maximal volume of contrast in 19 acquisitions over 60 seconds. We assessed the relationship between rate of extravasation and hematoma expansion using Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of the dCTA spot sign was 45.6% (95% CI, 34.5-56.6%). Significant HE was seen in 58.1% (18/31) of spot-positive patients versus 29.0% (9/31) of spot-negative patients (P=0.04). The sensitivity and specificity of the dCTA spot sign in predicting significant HE was 67% and 63%, respectively. Median rate of extravasation was 0.0022 mL/min in patients with hematoma expansion vs 0.0013 mL/min in those without (p=0.05). Conclusion: Dynamic CTA had a higher spot sign prevalence than conventional CTA. While the sensitivity in predicting expansion was higher with dCTA, the specificity was lower, possibly due to a lower risk of expansion with delayed spot signs. The rate of extravasation was roughly double in patients with hematoma expansion.

Psychosocioeconomic Precariousness, Cognitive Decline and Risk of Developing Dementia: A 25-Year Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Ouvrard ◽  
Céline Meillon ◽  
Jean-François Dartigues ◽  
José Alberto Ávila-Funes ◽  
Hélène Amieva
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Successful Ageing ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychosocial Vulnerability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: This study investigates the relationship between psychosocioeconomic precariousness, cognitive decline and risk of developing dementia. Methods: The sample consisted of 3,710 subjects aged ≥65 years. Psychosocioeconomic precariousness was assessed with a ratio consisting of 8 self-reported items of poor socioeconomic status and psychosocial vulnerability. Results: Participants who were considered as precarious (n = 1,444) presented greater cognitive decline (β = -0.07; p = 0.0067) after adjusting for various confounders. They also had a 36% increased risk of developing dementia (hazard ratio 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.17-1.57; p < 0.0001) over the 25-year follow-up period. Conclusion: Psychosocioeconomic precariousness is associated with greater cognitive decline and increased risk of developing dementia. This relationship can be explained in light of the concept of cognitive reserve and strengthens the need to consider psychosocioeconomic precariousness of elderly individuals in the definition of successful ageing policies.

scholarly journals Tail-Biting in Pigs: A Scoping Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2002
Author(s):  
Maggie Henry ◽  
Hannah Jansen ◽  
Maria del Rocio Amezcua ◽  
Terri L. O’Sullivan ◽  
Lee Niel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Tail Biting ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
And Control ◽  
Full Text Screening

Tail-biting is globally recognized as a welfare concern for commercial swine production. Substantial research has been undertaken to identify risk factors and intervention methods to decrease and understand this vice. Tail-biting appears to be multifactorial and has proven difficult to predict and control. The primary objective of the scoping review was to identify and chart all available literature on the risk factors and interventions associated with tail-biting in pigs. A secondary objective was to identify gaps in the literature and identify the relevance for a systematic review. An online literature search of four databases, encompassing English, peer-reviewed and grey literature published from 1 January 1970 to 31 May 2019, was conducted. Relevance screening and charting of included articles were performed by two independent reviewers. A total of 465 citations were returned from the search strategy. Full-text screening was conducted on 118 articles, with 18 being excluded in the final stage. Interventions, possible risk factors, as well as successful and unsuccessful outcomes were important components of the scoping review. The risk factors and interventions pertaining to tail-biting were inconsistent, demonstrating the difficulty of inducing tail-biting in an experimental environment and the need for standardizing terms related to the behavior.

scholarly journals Protocol: The relationship between vitamin A and body mass: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasim A Iqbal ◽  
Gavin B Stewart ◽  
Ines Mendes ◽  
Kieran Finney ◽  
Anthony Oxley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Adipose Tissue Depots ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
The Relationship

The proposed protocol is for a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between vitamin A and body mass. The primary objective is to explore the mechanisms between vitamin A and adiposity such as inflammation, dietary intake and body fat. The secondary objective is to look at the extent to which vitamin A is stored in different adipose tissue depots. The protocol outlines the motive and scope for the review, and methodology including the risk of bias, statistical analysis, screening and study criteria.

scholarly journals First-in-Human Phase 1 Trial of Agarose Beads Containing Murine RENCA Cells in Advanced Solid Tumors

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. CGM.S39442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry H. Smith ◽  
Tapan Parikh ◽  
Zoe P. Andrada ◽  
Thomas J. Fahey ◽  
Nathaniel Berman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Advanced Malignancy ◽  
Agarose Beads ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Secondary Objective

Purpose Agarose macrobeads containing mouse renal adenocarcinoma cells (RMBs) release factors, suppressing the growth of cancer cells and prolonging survival in spontaneous or induced tumor animals, mediated, in part, by increased levels of myocyte-enhancing factor (MEF2D) via EGFR-and AKT-signaling pathways. The primary objective of this study was to determine the safety of RMBs in advanced, treatment-resistant metastatic cancers, and then its efficacy (survival), which is the secondary objective. Methods Thirty-one patients underwent up to four intraperitoneal implantations of RMBs (8 or 16 macrobeads/kg) via laparoscopy in this single-arm trial (FDA BB-IND 10091; NCT 00283075). Serial physical examinations, laboratory testing, and PET-CT imaging were performed before and three months after each implant. Results RMBs were well tolerated at both dose levels (mean 660.9 per implant). AEs were (Grade 1/2) with no treatment-related SAEs. Conclusion The data support the safety of RMB therapy in advanced-malignancy patients, and the preliminary evidence for their potential efficacy is encouraging. A Phase 2 efficacy trial is ongoing.

scholarly journals COVID-19: An Outcome of Biodiversity Loss or a Conspiracy? Investigating the Attitudes of Environmental Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5307
Author(s):  
Georgios Tsantopoulos ◽  
Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou ◽  
Evangelia Karasmanaki
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Future ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
The Media

The global environment is being constantly degraded, placing humans at increased risk for outbreaks of infectious diseases. In this regard, environmental quality must be enhanced in order to prevent pandemics in the future. However, it is unknown whether future environmental experts are aware of the intricate relationship between environmental degradation and infectious diseases. This question is important because if they lack awareness about this relationship, they may not be able to contribute to biodiversity conservation which, in turn, can prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases. Hence, the aim of this paper is to investigate the attitudes of environmental students towards the pandemic. The primary objective is to examine their views on the origin of COVID-19 and a secondary objective is to discover the factors that affect the endorsement of conspiracy and non-conspiracy theories on the origin of COVID-19. Our findings indicated that an alarmingly high percentage of students endorsed the conspiracy theory that COVID-19 is a man-made virus for which there was a vaccine before it emerged, whereas only one in five students perceived that the virus is associated with climate change. These students are the future scientists who will be responsible for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to environmental students, both in Greece and elsewhere, and examine if such perceptions stem from any deficiencies in curricula or from the effects of the media.

scholarly journals Improving health, well-being and parenting skills in parents of children with medical complexity: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e015242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Rebecca Bradshaw ◽  
Karen Shaw ◽  
Danai Bem ◽  
Carole Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Family Coping ◽  
Children With Medical Complexity ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionLess than 1% of children have complex medical conditions but account for one-third of all child health spending. The impact of suboptimal management of this group of children can have a considerable effect on families as well as services. Some families appear to cope more easily than others do, but there are compelling reasons to suggest that effective interventions may improve family coping and ultimately outcomes. Hospitalisation of their child presents a unique set of pressures and challenges for parents, but also an opportunity to intervene. However, the evidence is not well described in relation to this group of families. The primary objective of this scoping review is to identify parent and family-based interventions available to improve parental health, well-being, functioning or skills in the context of a child’s medically complex hospital admission and hospital care.Methods and analysisNine bibliographic databases will be searched spanning medicine, nursing, psychology, education, social work and the grey literature using a combination of index terms and text words related to parents, childhood, chronic illness and interventions. Study eligibility will be assessed by two researchers against preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. Key information from each study will be extracted and charted including year of publication, condition, severity, geographical setting, key concepts and definitions, aims, study population and sample size, methodology/methods, interventions, outcomes and key findings. Directed qualitative content analysis will be used to make sense of narrative findings within the included studies. Results will be presented which summarise the scope of the literature and identify key findings, potential areas for evidence synthesis and research gaps.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. The results of this review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and feedback to stakeholders during the development of a hospital-based intervention.

scholarly journals Scoping review on the epidemiology, diagnostics, and clinical significance of porcine astroviruses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Rawal ◽  
Daniel Linhares
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
American Association ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Bradford Hill ◽  
Secondary Objective

Porcine astroviruses (PoAstVs) have been reported globally and are divided into at least five distinct lineages (PoAstV1-PoAsV5). The primary objective of this study was to summarize the scientific literature about the frequency of detection, associated clinical presentations, and type of samples and diagnostic tools used for the detection of porcine astroviruses. The secondary objective was to summarize the body of knowledge about the causal role in disease of PoAstVs using the Bradford Hill framework. A search was conducted using Centre for Biosciences and Agriculture International (CABI), MEDLINE, American Association of Swine Veterinarians (AASV) Swine Information Library (SIL) abstracts, swine conferences including American College of Veterinary Pathologists (ACVP), and American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD). From 168 studies identified by the search, 29 studies were eligible. Results indicated that 69% (20/29) of the literature on PoAstVs has been published between 2011 and 2018. Of 29 papers, 52% were detection studies (15 of 29) and 48% (14 of 29) were case-control studies. Seventy-two percent (21 of 29) reported differential diagnosis and 10% (3 of 29) reported histologic lesions, out of which 67% (2 of 3) associated the detection of PoAstV3 with development of polioencephalomyelitis. PCR-based assays were the most common diagnostic tools. Keywords: Swine, Astrovirus, Scoping review, Bradford Hill, PoAstV detection

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