scholarly journals Colonic In Vitro Model Assessment of the Prebiotic Potential of Bread Fortified with Polyphenols Rich Olive Fiber

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Nissen ◽  
Flavia Casciano ◽  
Elena Chiarello ◽  
Mattia Di Nunzio ◽  
Alessandra Bordoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Positive Effects

The use of olive pomace could represent an innovative and low-cost strategy to formulate healthier and value-added foods, and bakery products are good candidates for enrichment. In this work, we explored the prebiotic potential of bread enriched with Polyphenol Rich Fiber (PRF), a defatted olive pomace byproduct previously studied in the European Project H2020 EcoProlive. To this aim, after in vitro digestion, the PRF-enriched bread, its standard control, and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) underwent distal colonic fermentation using the in vitro colon model MICODE (multi-unit colon gut model). Sampling was done prior, over and after 24 h of fermentation, then metabolomic analysis by Solid Phase Micro Extraction Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (SPME GCMS), 16S-rDNA genomic sequencing of colonic microbiota by MiSeq, and absolute quantification of main bacterial species by qPCR were performed. The results indicated that PRF-enriched bread generated positive effects on the host gut model: (i) surge in eubiosis; (ii) increased abundance of beneficial bacterial groups, such as Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillales; (iii) production of certain bioactive metabolites, such as low organic fatty acids; (iv) reduction in detrimental compounds, such as skatole. Our study not only evidenced the prebiotic role of PRF-enriched bread, thereby paving the road for further use of olive by-products, but also highlighted the potential of the in vitro gut model MICODE in the critical evaluation of functionality of food prototypes as modulators of the gut microbiota.

Metabolomics of Healthy Berry Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4888-4902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda D'Urso ◽  
Sonia Piacente ◽  
Cosimo Pizza ◽  
Paola Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Berry Fruits

The consumption of berry-type fruits has become very popular in recent years because of their positive effects on human health. Berries are in fact widely known for their health-promoting benefits, including prevention of chronic disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Berries are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, such as vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies recognized the health effects of berries and their function as bioactive modulators of various cell functions associated with oxidative stress. Plants have one of the largest metabolome databases, with over 1200 papers on plant metabolomics published only in the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) are the most important analytical technologies on which the emerging ''omics'' approaches are based. They may provide detection and quantization of thousands of biologically active metabolites from a tissue, working in a ''global'' or ''targeted'' manner, down to ultra-trace levels. In the present review, we highlighted the use of MS and NMR-based strategies and Multivariate Data Analysis for the valorization of berries known for their biological activities, important as food and often used in the preparation of nutraceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Volatile Profile of Cultivated and Wild-Type Italian Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Varieties by HS-SPME/GC-MS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5855
Author(s):  
Samantha Reale ◽  
Valter Di Cecco ◽  
Francesca Di Donato ◽  
Luciano Di Martino ◽  
Aurelio Manzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Clear Differentiation

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a vegetable belonging to the Apiaceae family that is widely used for its distinct flavor and contains a variety of bioactive metabolites with healthy properties. Some celery ecotypes cultivated in specific territories of Italy have recently attracted the attention of consumers and scientists because of their peculiar sensorial and nutritional properties. In this work, the volatile profiles of white celery “Sedano Bianco di Sperlonga” Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) ecotype, black celery “Sedano Nero di Torricella Peligna” and wild-type celery were investigated using head-space solid-phase microextraction combined with gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) and compared to that of the common ribbed celery. Exploratory multivariate statistical analyses were conducted using principal component analysis (PCA) on HS-SPME/GC-MS patterns, separately collected from celery leaves and petioles, to assess similarity/dissimilarity in the flavor composition of the investigated varieties. PCA revealed a clear differentiation of wild-type celery from the cultivated varieties. Among the cultivated varieties, black celery “Sedano Nero di Torricella Peligna” exhibited a significantly different composition in volatile profile in both leaves and petioles compared to the white celery and the prevalent commercial variety. The chemical components of aroma, potentially useful for the classification of celery according to the variety/origin, were identified.

scholarly journals The Effect of Carnosol, Carnosic Acid and Rosmarinic Acid on the Oxidative Stability of Fat-Filled Milk Powders throughout Accelerated Oxidation Storage

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Katerina Tzima ◽  
Nigel P. Brunton ◽  
Noel A. McCarthy ◽  
Kieran N. Kilcawley ◽  
David T. Mannion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Peroxide Values ◽  
Antioxidant Potency ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

The in vitro antioxidant effects of the most potent antioxidants of rosemary, namely carnosol, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid (c: ca: ra) were assessed in fat-filled milk powders (FFMPs) under accelerated conditions (40 °C and relative humidity (RH) 23%) over 90 days. Lipid oxidation was assessed in FFMPs by measuring peroxide values (PVs), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and aroma volatiles using headspace (HS) solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant potency of c: ca: ra exhibited a concentration-related effect (308 ppm > 200 ppm > 77 ppm), with the highest concentration being the most effective at controlling the formation of TBARS and PVs. At a concentration of 308 ppm c: ca: ra were particularly effective (p < 0.05) in inhibiting all the evaluated oxidation indices (primary and secondary) compared to the control samples, but in some cases less effectively (p < 0.05) than butylated hydroxyanisole: butylated hydroxytoluene (BHA: BHT) (200 ppm).

scholarly journals Volatile scents of influenza A and S. pyogenes (co-)infected cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Traxler ◽  
Gina Barkowsky ◽  
Radost Saß ◽  
Ann-Christin Klemenz ◽  
Nadja Patenge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Infection Processes ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractInfluenza A is a serious pathogen itself, but often leads to dangerous co-infections in combination with bacterial species such as Streptococcus pyogenes. In comparison to classical biochemical methods, analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in headspace above cultures can enable destruction free monitoring of metabolic processes in vitro. Thus, volatile biomarkers emitted from biological cell cultures and pathogens could serve for monitoring of infection processes in vitro. In this study we analysed VOCs from headspace above (co)-infected human cells by using a customized sampling system. For investigating the influenza A mono-infection and the viral-bacterial co-infection in vitro, we analysed VOCs from Detroit cells inoculated with influenza A virus and S. pyogenes by means of needle-trap micro-extraction (NTME) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Besides the determination of microbiological data such as cell count, cytokines, virus load and bacterial load, emissions from cell medium, uninfected cells and bacteria mono-infected cells were analysed. Significant differences in emitted VOC concentrations were identified between non-infected and infected cells. After inoculation with S. pyogenes, bacterial infection was mirrored by increased emissions of acetaldehyde and propanal. N-propyl acetate was linked to viral infection. Non-destructive monitoring of infections by means of VOC analysis may open a new window for infection research and clinical applications. VOC analysis could enable early recognition of pathogen presence and in-depth understanding of their etiopathology.

scholarly journals Colombian fusel oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Montoya ◽  
Jairo Durán ◽  
Fernando Córdoba ◽  
Iván Darío Gil ◽  
Carlos Alexander Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fusel Oil ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Main Components

By-products valorization in bio-fuels industry is an important issue for making the global process more efficient, more profitable and closer to the concept of biorefinery. Fusel oil is a by-product of bioethanol production that can be considered as an inexpensive and renewable raw material for manufacturing value-added products. In this work, results in terms of composition and physicochemical properties of six samples of fusel oil from industrial alcohol facilities are presented. Composition of the main components was established by gas chromatography. Complementary techniques, such as headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), were used for detection of minor components. Fifty-five compounds were identified. Physicochemical properties such as density, acid value, moisture content and true boiling point curves were determined. Results are useful in the conceptual design of separation strategies for recovering higher alcohols, as well as to consider new options of valorization alternatives for fusel oil.

scholarly journals Time-Dependent Influence of High Glucose Environment on the Metabolism of Neuronal Immortalized Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Colombaioni ◽  
Beatrice Campanella ◽  
Riccardo Nieri ◽  
Massimo Onor ◽  
Edoardo Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Cell Culture Medium ◽  
Immortalized Cells ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

In this work the effect of glucose concentration on the metabolome of living hippocampal HN9.10e neurons was studied. This cell line represents a reliable, <i>in vitro </i>model of one of the most vulnerable regions of central nervous system. Targeted metabolites were analyzed in the cell culture medium by two direct methods, namely liquid chromatography – diode array detection and headspace – solid phase micro extraction – gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Twenty-two metabolites were simultaneously identified and quantified in the growth medium of the cells, treated with 25, 50 or 75 mM glucose, sampled along 8 days to mimic a prolonged hyperglycemia. The results of statistical analysis showed the clear impairment of neuronal metabolism already after 48 hours, represented by a significant reduction of the metabolic activity.

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro Volatile Constituents of the Flowers of Xylopia aromatica by HS‑SPME/GC-MS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Junqueira ◽  
Michelle do Nascimento ◽  
Lucas da Costa ◽  
Lincoln Romualdo ◽  
Francisco de Aquino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Large White ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time

Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae) is a typical species from the Brazilian cerrado that presents medicinal properties. The plant is distinguished by its large white flowers which produce a pleasant fragrance. X. aromatica is characterized by a wide range of medicinal application. These characteristics have motivated us to investigate the flowers volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via in vivo and in vitro protocols by a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS‑SPME) technique combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC‑MS). Four different fibers, extraction times and temperatures were the parameters changed to lead to the maximum profiling of the volatile constituents. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 77 VOCs were extracted from the floral scent, with 52 and 68 extracted from in vivo and in vitro sampling, respectively, of which 48 were reported for the first time in the literature as volatile constituents from X. aromatica flowers. The extraction and identification of VOCs were successfully performed through HS-SPME/GC-MS. The PCA data allowed the identification of parameters that led to the maximum number of VOCs, which were polyacrylate (PA) and carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) fibers, 60 min extraction time and temperature of 29.0 °C. Among the volatile constituents identified, sesquiterpenes predominated, comprising about 61.04%.

scholarly journals Formulation of New Baking (+)-Catechin Based Leavening Agents: Effects on Rheology, Sensory and Antioxidant Features during Muffin Preparation

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Gabriele Carullo ◽  
Francesca Scarpelli ◽  
Emilia Lucia Belsito ◽  
Paolino Caputo ◽  
Cesare Oliviero Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Scavenger Activity

The aim of this investigation was to prepare two solid mixtures containing a soluble polymorph of (+)-catechin and mucic (MUC) or tartaric (TAR) acids as new leavening agents. The solid mixtures were based on a polymorph of (+)-catechin, characterized through Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) analysis and assayed in in vitro antioxidant and solubility assays. The dough samples were studied by dynamic rheological tests, while muffins were studied through Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME)/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to identify volatile compounds, in vitro tests to evaluate antioxidant properties, and sensory analyses. TAR powder showed a solubility in water almost one order of magnitude increased with respect to commercial (+)-catechin (40.0 against 4.6 mg mL−1) and increased antioxidant performances. In particular, TAR showed total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values of 0.0298 ± 0.021 and 0.0081 ± 0.0009 meq CT/g, while MUC showed better results in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) acid (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 0.518 ± 0.015 and 0.112 ± 0.010 mg/mL, respectively. MS analysis identified different compounds derived from the lipid oxidation process. Muffins obtained using both powders showed interesting outcomes regarding dough process and appreciable appearance/olfactory/taste/texture profiles. Muffins obtained from TAR-based mixture showed also a total phenolic content of 0.00175 meq CT/g muffin, and almost two times improved TAC and scavenger activity against DPPH radical. The formulated powders could be used as suitable health-promoting ingredients in the food industry.

scholarly journals Multi-strain volatile profiling of pathogenic and commensal cutaneous bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Fitzgerald ◽  
Emer Duffy ◽  
Linda Holland ◽  
Aoife Morrin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Multiple Strains

Abstract The detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted by pathogenic bacteria has been proposed as a potential non-invasive approach for characterising various infectious diseases as well as wound infections. Studying microbial VOC profiles in vitro allows the mechanisms governing VOC production and the cellular origin of VOCs to be deduced. However, inter-study comparisons of microbial VOC data remains a challenge due to the variation in instrumental and growth parameters across studies. In this work, multiple strains of pathogenic and commensal cutaneous bacteria were analysed using headspace solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A kinetic study was also carried out to assess the relationship between bacterial VOC profiles and the growth phase of cells. Comprehensive bacterial VOC profiles were successfully discriminated at the species-level, while strain-level variation was only observed in specific species and to a small degree. Temporal emission kinetics showed that the emission of particular compound groups were proportional to the respective growth phase for individual S. aureus and P. aeruginosa samples. Standardised experimental workflows are needed to improve comparability across studies and ultimately elevate the field of microbial VOC profiling. Our results build on and support previous literature and demonstrate that comprehensive discriminative results can be achieved using simple experimental and data analysis workflows.

scholarly journals New Chemovariety of Lippia alba From Colombia: Compositional Analysis of the Volatile Secondary Metabolites and Some in vitro Biological Activities of the Essential Oil From Plant Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1986290
Author(s):  
Amner Muñoz-Acevedo ◽  
María C. González ◽  
Juan D. Rodríguez ◽  
Yurina Sh. De Moya
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lippia Alba

Lippia alba is a plant widely studied due to both chemical diversity and bioactivities related to its ethnobotanical uses. In this work, the composition of the volatile secondary metabolites (volatile fractions/essential oil, EO) of the flower/leaves of L. alba (from northern region of Colombia) was determined by solid phase micro-extraction/distillation-solvent extraction/microwave-hydrodistillation/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MWHD/GC-MS), along with some in vitro biological properties (cytotoxicity and acetylcholinesterase enzyme [AChe] inhibition) from leaf EO. Outstanding results were found: (i) cis-piperitone oxide (~13%-46%), germacrene D (~11%-30%), and limonene (~10%-22%) characterized the volatile secondary metabolites from different parts of the plant; (ii) leaf EO showed a moderate hemolytic activity (HC50: 580 ± 1 µg/mL), a significant cytotoxicity on lymphocytes (LC50: 127 ± 3 µg/mL), a high cytotoxicity on HEp2 cell line (LC50: 38 ± 2 µg/mL), and a moderate inhibitory effect on AChE (IC50: 28 ± 2 µg/mL). Based on these results, a new chemovar of L. alba is reported (represented by cis-piperitone oxide) along with its promising cytotoxic and AChE inhibiting properties.

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