scholarly journals Protective Effects Induced by a Hydroalcoholic Allium sativum Extract in Isolated Mouse Heart

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2332
Author(s):  
Lucia Recinella ◽  
Annalisa Chiavaroli ◽  
Fabrizio Masciulli ◽  
Caterina Fraschetti ◽  
Antonello Filippi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Mouse Heart ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pg E2

The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible protective effects of a garlic hydroalcoholic extract on the burden of oxidative stress and inflammation occurring on mouse heart specimens exposed to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a well-established inflammatory stimulus. Headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC–MS) technique was applied to determine the volatile fraction of the garlic powder, and the HS-SPME conditions were optimized for each of the most representative classes of compounds. CIEL*a*b* colorimetric analyses were performed on the powder sample at the time of delivery, after four and after eight months of storage at room temperature in the dark, to evaluate the color changing. Freshly prepared hydroalcoholic extract was also evaluated in its color character. Furthermore, the hydroalcoholic extract was analyzed through GC–MS. The extract was found to be able to significantly inhibit LPS-induced prostaglandin (PG) E2 and 8-iso-PGF2α levels, as well as mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-6, and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), in heart specimens. Concluding, our findings showed that the garlic hydroalcoholic extract exhibited cardioprotective effects on multiple inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways.

scholarly journals Response Surface Methodology to Optimize the Isolation of Dominant Volatile Compounds from Monofloral Greek Thyme Honey Using SPME-GC-MS

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3612
Author(s):  
Marinos Xagoraris ◽  
Alexandra Skouria ◽  
Panagiota-Kyriaki Revelou ◽  
Eleftherios Alissandrakis ◽  
Petros A. Tarantilis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Stirrer Speed ◽  
Magnetic Stirrer ◽  
Thyme Honey

This study aimed at an experimental design of response surface methodology (RSM) in the optimization of the dominant volatile fraction of Greek thyme honey using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For this purpose, a multiple response optimization was employed using desirability functions, which demand a search for optimal conditions for a set of responses simultaneously. A test set of eighty thyme honey samples were analyzed under the optimum conditions for validation of the proposed model. The optimized combination of isolation conditions was the temperature (60 °C), equilibration time (15 min), extraction time (30 min), magnetic stirrer speed (700 rpm), sample volume (6 mL), water: honey ratio (1:3 v/w) with total desirability over 0.50. It was found that the magnetic stirrer speed, which has not been evaluated before, had a positive effect, especially in combination with other factors. The above-developed methodology proved to be effective in the optimization of isolation of specific volatile compounds from a difficult matrix, like honey. This study could be a good basis for the development of novel RSM for other monofloral honey samples.

scholarly journals Volatile Organic Compound and Fatty Acid Profile of Milk from Cows and Buffaloes Fed Mycorrhizal or Nonmycorrhizal Ensiled Forage

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Genovese ◽  
Andrea Marrazzo ◽  
Lucia De Luca ◽  
Raffaele Romano ◽  
Nadia Manzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Seed Inoculation

Seed inoculation of forage crops by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) generally results in higher profitability, but also modifies the chemical composition of silage in terms of increased biomass, protein, and dry matter. Raw milk aroma is affected by the type of feed. This work investigated the influence of ensiled forage obtained by seed inoculation with AMF on the volatile fractions and fatty acid composition of milk. Two experiments were carried out: in the first, buffaloes were fed maize silage, and in the second, cows were fed sorghum silage. The volatile fractions of milk were quantified by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME), combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and fatty acids by gas chromatography (GC). The ensiled forage obtained with AMF increased saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and decreased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in both experiments. The volatile fraction in milk samples obtained from bovines fed mycorrhizal ensiled forage showed an increase of free fatty acids and ketones, responsible for cheesy and fruity odors. Aldehydes, responsible for green and grassy notes, increased only in the milk from buffaloes fed ensiled maize. Our results suggest that inoculation of maize and sorghum seed with AMF, combined with a low rate of fertilizers, leads to ensiled forage that could slightly affect the FA profile and odor quality of milk.

scholarly journals Investigation of Volatiles in Cork Samples Using Chromatographic Data and the Superposing Significant Interaction Rules (SSIR) Chemometric Tool

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Emili Besalú ◽  
Chantal Prat ◽  
Enriqueta Anticó
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Off Flavors ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
Cork Sample ◽  
Validation Calculation ◽  
First Time

This study describes a new chemometric tool for the identification of relevant volatile compounds in cork by untargeted headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) analysis. The production process in cork industries commonly includes a washing procedure based on water and temperature cycles in order to reduce off-flavors and decrease the amount of trichloroanisole (TCA) in cork samples. The treatment has been demonstrated to be effective for the designed purpose, but chemical changes in the volatile fraction of the cork sample are produced, which need to be further investigated through the chemometric examination of data obtained from the headspace. Ordinary principal component analysis (PCA) based on the numerical description provided by the chromatographic area of several target compounds was inconclusive. This led us to consider a new tool, which is presented here for the first time for an application in the chromatographic field. The superposing significant interaction rules (SSIR) method is a variable selector which directly analyses the raw internal data coming from the spectrophotometer software and, combined with PCA and discriminant analysis, has been able to separate a group of 56 cork samples into two groups: treated and non-treated. This procedure revealed the presence of two compounds, furfural and 5-methylfurfural, which are increased in the case of treated samples. These compounds explain the sweet notes found in the sensory evaluation of the treated corks. The model that is obtained is robust; the overall sensitivity and specificity are 96% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, a leave-one-out cross-validation calculation revealed that all of the samples can be correctly classified one at a time if three or more PCA descriptors are considered.

scholarly journals Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil Prevents Behavioral and Oxidative Stress Changes in the Scopolamine Zebrafish Model

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7085
Author(s):  
Luminita Capatina ◽  
Edoardo Marco Napoli ◽  
Giuseppe Ruberto ◽  
Lucian Hritcu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Brain Oxidative Stress

Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum has been used as medicinal herbs promoting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities. We investigated the protective effects and the mechanism of O. vulgare ssp. hirtum essential oil (OEO) on cognitive impairment and brain oxidative stress in a scopolamine (Sco)-induced zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of cognitive impairment. Our results show that exposure to Sco (100 µM) leads to anxiety, spatial memory, and response to novelty dysfunctions, whereas the administration of OEO (25, 150, and 300 µL/L, once daily for 13 days) reduced anxiety-like behavior and improved cognitive ability, which was confirmed by behavioral tests, such as the novel tank-diving test (NTT), Y-maze test, and novel object recognition test (NOR) in zebrafish. Additionally, Sco-induced brain oxidative stress and increasing of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were attenuated by the administration of OEO. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were used to elucidate the OEO composition, comprising thymol (38.82%), p-cymene (20.28%), and γ-terpinene (19.58%) as the main identified components. These findings suggest the ability of OEO to revert the Sco-induced cognitive deficits by restoring the cholinergic system activity and brain antioxidant status. Thus, OEO could be used as perspective sources of bioactive compounds, displaying valuable biological activities, with potential pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals Hybridization in Peppers (Capsicum spp.) to Improve the Volatile Composition in Fully Ripe Fruits: The Effects of Parent Combinations and Fruit Tissues

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Estela Moreno-Peris ◽  
Carles Cortés-Olmos ◽  
Mónica Díez-Díaz ◽  
M. Carmen González-Mas ◽  
Ana de Luis-Margarit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Varietal Diversity ◽  
Volatile Composition ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Food Applications

Capsicum peppers (Capsicum spp.), especially C. annuum L., are one of the most important vegetables and spices in the world and their fruits are used in a range of food dishes, to provide aroma and flavor. Pungency has been largely studied, while studies on the volatile fraction are more recent and less diverse. A considerable varietal diversity among peppers has been reported in terms of the aroma quality and the qualitative and quantitative variation in the volatile fraction, particularly in fully ripe fruits, which encompass most diverse food applications and aroma profiles. Thus, a study was designed to study the inheritance of the volatile fractions in peppers and to determine if they can be improved by breeding strategies. The volatile fraction of 175 samples of ripe fruits from a diverse collection of peppers, encompassing a range of varietal types and aroma qualities, were isolated by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A diverse profile of volatiles including terpenoids, esters, alkanes, and several aldehydes and alcohols, was found among the evaluated accessions. Our findings indicated that, in most cases, hybridization provided higher amounts of total volatiles and a more complex composition, particularly in the pericarp. In addition, the volatile fraction can be inherited from the parents to the offspring, as most individual volatiles in hybrids, especially major volatiles, were present in at least one of the parents, following intermediate (levels between parents) or transgressive (levels higher than the best parent) inheritance. De novo compounds (present in the hybrid, absent in the parents) were found in many samples. Comparatively, placental tissues had higher total and individual volatile levels compared with the pericarp in most parent accessions and hybrids, which must be considered by breeders if this part of the fruit is included in food formulations. By combining parent lines with complementary volatile fractions, hybridization offers a feasible method to improve the volatile composition of ripe fruits in Capsicum peppers.

Dietary n-9, n-6 and n-3 fatty acids modulate the oxidative stress in brain and liver of mice. Effect of trans fatty acids supplementation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jimena Verónica Lavandera ◽  
Verónica Reus ◽  
Juliana Saín ◽  
Claudio Adrian Bernal ◽  
Marcela Aida González
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Neuronal Membranes ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

BACKGROUND: Arachidonic (20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids interaction affects brain structure and function. Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) generate oxygenated lipid-derived eicosanoids which modulate the inflammatory response. The presence of trans fatty acids (TFA) in neuronal membranes can favor to generation of pro-oxidant metabolites. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of supplementation with TFA to diets containing different proportions of FA, on the oxidative stress (OS) generation and the inflammatory response in mice brain and liver. METHODS: CF1 mice were fed diets (16 weeks) with olive (O), corn (C) or rapeseed (R) oils. OS parameters and gene expression of some key liver and brain enzymes involved in OS production were evaluated. RESULTS: In brain and liver, lipoperoxidation was increased and catalase activity was decreased in C. In brain, glutathione was diminished by supplementation with TFA in all diets and histological sections showed lymphocytes in O and C. In liver, decreased amount of lipid vacuoles and increased of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and PPARγ mRNA levels were observed in R and Rt. IL-1b and IL-6 in serum were augmented in O and Ot. CONCLUSIONS: Rapeseed oil could have protective effects on the development of OS and inflammation, while TFA supplementation did not showed marked effects on these parameters.

scholarly journals Hydroalcoholic Extract of Iranian Caper Leaves Protects Hepatic Toxicity by Suppressing Oxidative Stress in Mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heibatullah Kalantari ◽  
Anis Alijani ◽  
Parvin Kheradmand ◽  
Maedeh Goodarzian ◽  
Leila Zeidooni
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Capparis Spinosa ◽  
Hepatic Histopathology

Capparis spinosa L. (caper) is an aromatic plant, commonly used in the Mediterranean diet, possessing numerous antioxidant compounds, such as phenols, rutin, tocopherols, carotenoids, and vitamin C in its leaves. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of Iranian caper leaves extract on oxidative stress caused by CCl4 in the mice’s liver. This study was conducted on 42 male mice in seven groups. The control group, the sham group, the CCl4 group, the Iranian caper leaves extract 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg + CCl4 groups. Then, Biochemicals, oxidative stress, and hepatic histopathology parameters were evaluated. The co-administration of Iranian caper leaves extract, and CCl4 significantly decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde (P<0.001) and significantly increased the levels of glutathione and catalase in comparison with the group treated with CCl4 alone (P<0.01).Furthermore, Iranian caper leaves extract improved histopathological changes such as the the inflammation and necrosis of hepatocytes. Iranian caper leaves extract has protective effects on hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4, mainly through suppressing oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Unifloral Autumn Heather Honey from Indigenous Greek Erica manipuliflora Salisb.: SPME/GC-MS Characterization of the Volatile Fraction and Optimization of the Isolation Parameters

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2487
Author(s):  
Marinos Xagoraris ◽  
Foteini Chrysoulaki ◽  
Panagiota-Kyriaki Revelou ◽  
Eleftherios Alissandrakis ◽  
Petros A. Tarantilis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
First Time

For long heather honey has been a special variety due to its unique organoleptic characteristics. This study aimed to characterize and optimize the isolation of the dominant volatile fraction of Greek autumn heather honey using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The described approach pointed out 13 main volatile components more closely related to honey botanical origin, in terms of occurrence and relative abundance. These volatiles include phenolic compounds and norisoprenoids, with benzaldehyde, safranal and p-anisaldehyde present in higher amounts, while ethyl 4-methoxybenzoate is reported for the first time in honey. Then, an experimental design was developed based on five numeric factors and one categorical factor and evaluated the optimum conditions (temperature: 60 °C, equilibration time: 30 min extraction time: 15 min magnetic stirrer velocity: 100 rpm sample volume: 6 mL water: honey ratio: 1:3 (v/w)). Additionally, a validation test set reinforces the above methodology investigation. Honey is very complex and variable with respect to its volatile components given the high diversity of the floral source. As a result, customizing the isolation parameters for each honey is a good approach for streamlining the isolation volatile compounds. This study could provide a good basis for future recognition of monofloral autumn heather honey.

scholarly journals AstragalusPolysaccharide Suppresses Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Regulating the PI3k/Akt and p38MAPK Pathways

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Cao ◽  
Yang Ruan ◽  
Tao Shen ◽  
Xiuqing Huang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Mouse Heart ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Heart Failure Model

Background. Doxorubicin, a potent chemotherapeutic agent, is associated with acute and chronic cardiotoxicity, which is cumulatively dose-dependent.Astragaluspolysaccharide (APS), the extract ofAstragalus membranaceuswith strong antitumor and antiglomerulonephritis activity, can effectively alleviate inflammation. However, whether APS could ameliorate chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is not understood. Here, we investigated the protective effects of APS on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and elucidated the underlying mechanisms of the protective effects of APS.Methods. We analyzed myocardial injury in cancer patients who underwent doxorubicin chemotherapy and generated a doxorubicin-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocyte injury model and a mouse heart failure model. Echocardiography, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, TUNEL, DNA laddering, and Western blotting were performed to observe cell survival, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signal pathways in cardiomyocytes.Results. Treatment of patients with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin led to heart dysfunction. Doxorubicin reduced cardiomyocyte viability and induced C57BL/6J mouse heart failure with concurrent elevated ROS generation and apoptosis, which, however, was attenuated by APS treatment. In addition, there was profound inhibition of p38MAPK and activation of Akt after APS treatment.Conclusions. These results demonstrate that APS could suppress oxidative stress and apoptosis, ameliorating doxorubicin-mediated cardiotoxicity by regulating the PI3k/Akt and p38MAPK pathways.

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