Eating Speed, Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Are Independent Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean University Students

Background: Little is known regarding the role of eating quickly, physical inactivity, and poor cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in assessing the onset of metabolic syndrome (Mets) in Korean young adults. Objectives: This study examined the association between the three risk factors and Mets in 1891 Korean university students (30% female) aged 18–29 years. Methods: Eating speed (slow vs. fast) and physical activity (active vs. inactive) were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Maximal oxygen uptake as an indicator of CRF was assessed with graded exercise testing. Components of Mets were waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC). Results: All the three exposures were positively associated with abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressures, elevated FBG, elevated TG, and decreased HDLC. Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) of Mets was incremental in the order of physical inactivity (odds ratio, OR = 1.666; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.024–2.708; p = 0.040), fast eating (OR = 1.687; 95% CI = 1.094–2.601; p = 0.018), and poor CRF (OR = 5.378; 95% CI = 3.475–8.325; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The current findings suggest that a multifaceted intervention targeting at promotion of physical activity and CRF in concert with healthy eating behaviors should be implemented as a preventive strategy against Mets in Korean university students.

Download Full-text

Metabolic Syndrome among Adults in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and Predictors

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i1631293 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 31-36

Author(s):

Zayed M. Altowerqi ◽

Zainal Abidin Bin Zainuddin

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Fast Food ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Waist Size ◽

Low Levels ◽

Set Up

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is an emerging health problem and has increased globally. This research aims to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among Saudi Arabia adults and identify the associated predictors of MS among Saudi Arabia adults. One hundred and one (101) male adults aged between 26 and 60 participated in this study. The researchers collected data on height and weight as well as blood samples. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 56.4%. Of the sample, 73.3% ate fast food, 30.7% were smokers, 41.6% were overweight, and 36.6% were obese. It was also found that only 35.6% of participants engaged in low levels of physical activity, 29.7% had a waist size ≥ 102, 70.3% had fasting blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dl, 48.5% had blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg, 20.8% had triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl, 94.1% had high density lipoprotein < 40 mg/dl. Adhoc intervention programmes for non-communicable diseases should be set up in Saudi Arabia to decrease the prevalence of MS.

Download Full-text

Metabolic syndrome and cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents: the role of obesity as a mediator

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2020-0640 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Noelia González-Gálvez ◽

Jose Rodriguez ◽

Jorge Mota

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Pressures

Abstract Objectives To analyse the prevalence and association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), clustered cardiometabolic risk (CCMR), obesity (body mass index [BMI], fat mass [FM] and waist circumference [WC]), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF); and to assess whether obesity (BMI, FM, and WC) acts as a mediator between CRF and MetS or CCMR. Methods This cross-sectional study included a subsample of the AFINA-te Study (n = 209; 11.51 ± 0.72 years old). BMI, FM, and WC were assessed. The Course-Navette test was used to assess CRF. MetS was calculated following the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions, and assessed using WC, triglycerides (TGs), high density lipoprotein (HD), fasting glucose (FG), and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP/DBP). CCMR was calculated based on the sex and age-specific z score. Results The prevalence of overweightness, obesity, MetS, and CCMR were 17.22, 1.44, 5.74, and 18.36%, respectively. After including BMI, FM, or WC into the model, the association between CRF and MetS was no longer significant, and the association between CRF and CCMR was only significant when it was mediated by BMI (β = −0.006; p = 0.026). The rest of the analysis of the mediation did not show a direct effect, although a significant indirect effect with a significant value for the Sobel test was observed (all p < 0.001). Conclusions BMI, FM, and WC act as full mediators in the association between CRF and MetS; FM and WC act as full mediators in the association between CRF and CCMR; and BMI acts as a partial mediator. The use of FM or WC as obesity variables is recommended.

Download Full-text

Differences in physical function and metabolic syndrome risk factors according to the level of physical activity in elderly Korean men: a pilot study

10.31083/jomh.v17i1.200 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Physical Function ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

The Elderly ◽

Berg Balance Scale ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Mineral Density

Background and objective: Managing the decrease in physical function in the elderly is a major task in aging societies globally. Here, we aimed to compare the physical function and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors according to levels of physical activity (PA). Material and methods: We measured PA in 77 elderly Korean men (74.21 ± 6.26 years old) with an accelerometer and recorded body composition, physical function, and MetS-related risk factors. Participants were divided into three groups based on daily moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA): low (under 60 min), middle (60-120 min), and high (over 120 min). The groups were compared using a one-way analysis of variance and the Scheffe post hoc test. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by logistic regression analysis. Results: Signiﬁcant differences were found between the groups for sedentary behavior time (P < 0.001), light PA (P < 0.05), moderate PA (P < 0.001), vigorous PA (P < 0.05), and total energy expenditure (P < 0.001). The high PA group showed a signiﬁcantly lower percentage of body fat and fat mass and higher muscle mass than did the low and middle PA groups (P < 0.05). The 6-min walk test was signiﬁcantly better in the high PA group than in the low and middle PA groups (P < 0.05). Grip strength and the Berg balance scale were also signiﬁcantly better in the high PA group (P < 0.05). Bone mineral density (BMD) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were signiﬁcantly higher in the high PA group than in the low PA group (P < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was signiﬁcantly higher in the middle PA group than in the low PA group (P < 0.05). Participants with more than three MetS criteria showed an OR of 0.09 (95% conﬁdence interval 0.01-0.82) in the high PA group as compared with the low PA group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Moderate-vigorous physical activity of more than 120 min daily showed better physical function and lower OR of MetS than did lower MVPA levels in elderly Korean men.

Download Full-text

Impact of the Level of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet on the Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051514 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1514

Author(s):

Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi ◽

Lydia Chrysoula ◽

Evangelia Kotzakioulafi ◽

Xenophon Theodoridis ◽

Michail Chourdakis

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Central Registry ◽

High Adherence ◽

The Impact

High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with a lower prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The present study aimed to investigate the impact of MD adherence on parameters of MetS. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Central Registry of Clinical Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Observational studies that recorded adherence to MD and components/measures of the MetS, such as waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG), were included in this study. A total of 58 studies were included in our study. WC and TG were significantly lower in the high adherence MD group (SMD: −0.20, (95%CI: −0.40, −0.01), SMD: −0.27 (95%CI: −0.27, −0.11), respectively), while HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in the same group (SMD: −0.28 (95%CI: 0.07, 0.50). There was no difference in FBG and SBP among the two groups (SMD: −0.21 (95%CI: −0.54, 0.12) & SMD: −0.15 (95%CI: −0.38, 0.07), respectively). MD may have a positive impact on all parameters of MetS. However, further research is needed in this field.

Download Full-text

Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Indices for Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese Women: One-Year Follow-Up Study

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2013-1353 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 98 (8) ◽

pp. 3280-3287 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Yasuyo Nakajima ◽

Masanobu Yamada ◽

Masako Akuzawa ◽

Sumiyasu Ishii ◽

Yasuhiro Masamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Low Density ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Free T4 ◽

The Relationship

Context: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) increase with age; however, their relationship remains unclear. Objective: Our objective was to investigate the relationship between SCH and indices of metabolic syndrome and follow up subjects for 1 year. Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal follow-up studies of cases were collected from Takasaki Hidaka Hospital between 2003 and 2007. Participants: Overall, 11 498 participants of health checkups were analyzed. The mean age was 48 ± 9 years. Main Outcome Measures: The relationship between SCH and indices of MetS were examined. Results: Serum free T4 levels were lower in women than men in most of the age groups, and the prevalence of SCH, 6.3% in women vs 3.4% in men, increased with age, reaching 14.6% in 70-year-old women. Multivariate logistic-regression analyses revealed that waist circumference and the serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were significantly higher in subjects with SCH than without among women. Reflecting these findings, the adjusted odds ratio of MetS in patients with SCH was higher than in the euthyroid subjects in women with an odds ratio of 2.7 (95% confidence interval 1.1–5.6; P = .017) but not in men. Furthermore, progression from euthyroid into SCH resulted in a significant increase in the serum triglyceride levels but not low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in women. Conclusion: Japanese women exhibited a high prevalence of SCH associated with low free T4 levels. There was a strong association between SCH and several indices of metabolic syndrome in women. SCH may affect serum triglyceride levels and be a risk factor for metabolic syndrome.

Download Full-text

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Sedentary Behaviour and Physical Activity Are Independently Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome, Results from the SCAPIS Pilot Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0131586 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. e0131586 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Örjan Ekblom ◽

Elin Ekblom-Bak ◽

Annika Rosengren ◽

Mattias Hallsten ◽

Göran Bergström ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Download Full-text

Cortisol, DHEAS, their ratio and the metabolic syndrome: evidence from the Vietnam Experience Study

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-09-1078 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 162 (5) ◽

pp. 919-923 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Anna C Phillips ◽

Douglas Carroll ◽

Catharine R Gale ◽

Janet M Lord ◽

Wiebke Arlt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Military Service ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Us Army ◽

Telephone Interviews ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vietnam Era

ObjectivesThe aim of these analyses was to examine the association of cortisol, DHEAS and the cortisol:DHEAS ratio with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components.DesignThe analyses were cross-sectional.MethodsParticipants were 4255 Vietnam era US army veterans. From military service files, telephone interviews and a medical examination, occupational, socio-demographic and health data were collected. MetS was ascertained from data on body mass index; fasting blood glucose or a diagnosis of diabetes; blood pressure or a diagnosis of hypertension; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and triglyceride levels. Contemporary morning fasted cortisol and DHEAS concentrations were determined. The outcomes were MetS and its components. Analysis was by logistic regression, first adjusting for age and then additionally for an array of candidate confounders.ResultsCortisol, although not in the fully adjusted analysis, and DHEAS were both related to MetS. Whereas high cortisol concentrations were associated with an increased risk of MetS, high DHEAS concentrations appeared protective. By far, the strongest associations with MetS were observed for the cortisol:DHEAS ratio; the higher the ratio, the greater the risk of having MetS. The ratio was also significantly related to four of the five MetS components.ConclusionsThe cortisol:DHEAS ratio is positively associated with MetS. Prospective analyses are needed to help untangle direction of causality, but this study suggests that the cortisol:DHEAS ratio is worthy of further study in this and other health contexts.

Download Full-text

Effects of physical fitness training on metabolic syndrome among military personnel in Taiwan

BMJ Military Health ◽

10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001761 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001761

Author(s):

Che-Fu Chang ◽

Y-C Wu ◽

C-H Lai ◽

P-C Chen ◽

Y-L Guo

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Training Programme ◽

Health Examination ◽

Running Performance ◽

Fitness Training ◽

The Impact

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MS) is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes but can be prevented with regular physical activity. This study aimed to assess the impact of a physical fitness training programme on MS among military personnel.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included volunteer army soldiers who underwent annual health examinations between 2011 and 2014. In 2011, the reformed physical fitness training programme and physical fitness test were introduced to the participants. MS evaluation and physical fitness performances were evaluated before and after implementing the training programme using a mixed-effects model and generalised estimating equation, adjusted for sex, age and smoking.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2014, 1720 soldiers underwent the annual health examination. In 2011, before the fitness programme, 246 soldiers (14.3%) had MS. After implementation, decreases in blood pressure and fasting glucose levels were observed and maintained for 3 years. Running performance was negatively correlated to triglycerides (ß=−11.37; p<0.001) and waist circumference (ß=−0.42; p<0.001) and positively correlated to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (ß=2.14; p<0.001). The severity of MS was reduced following introduction of the physical fitness programme.ConclusionsMS and its components improved after introducing the reformed fitness programme, with running performance proving to be most relevant to MS. Clinicians should encourage increased physical activity to prevent MS among military personnel.

Download Full-text

Study on health risk factors as a basis to implement programs that promote a nutritional culture in students of the la Sabana University

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny ◽

10.32394/rpzh.2021.0153 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 89-94

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Blood Chemistry ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Background. Nowadays the importance of lifestyles in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome has been largely accertained. Objective. The purpose of our work is to implement programs that promote a nutritional culture in adolescents and young adults of the La Sabana University. Methods. The methodology entailed, after the corresponding informed consent, taking measures of the triceps and supraescapular skinfolds, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), lean mass, and fat mass. Fasting blood samples were also taken to quantify cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Results. The results obtained show that of the 165 students, 10.3% were underweight, 13.93% were overweight and 0.6% were obese. With regards to gender, 4.8% of the men and 9% of the women were overweight, 3% of the men and 7.2% of the women were underweight, and 0.6% of the women were obese. The blood chemistry showed that 30% had hypercholesterolemia, 18% hypertriglyceridemia, 17% reported low HDL levels and 67% reported high LDL levels. Of all the cases studied, 40% are at risk of a metabolic syndrome. 60% claimed not to practice any physical activity - especially women who reported 44.70%. Conclusions. These findings have allowed us at the institution to implement a culture of healthy habits. The have also allowed us to identify students with risk factors for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This is why the cardiometabolic monitoring and control based on healthy eating and physical activity are important.

Download Full-text

The Role of Bioactive Compounds from Dietary Spices in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: An Overview

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14010175 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Dana Hasan Alkhatib ◽

Abdul Jaleel ◽

Maryam Naveed Muhammad Tariq ◽

Jack Feehan ◽

Vasso Apostolopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Preventive Measure ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Lifestyle Changes

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of physiologically dysregulated parameters that can include elevated fasting blood glucose, high blood pressure, central obesity, increased triglyceride levels, insulin resistance, diabetes, elevated low density lipoprotein levels, and reduced high density lipoprotein levels in the blood. Effective clinical management of MetS is critical as it is strongly associated with long lasting and fatal complications in patients. Alongside standard care of lifestyle changes and medication, dietary supplements derived from herbal resources could be an alternative therapeutic strategy that is safe, efficient, culturally acceptable, and has few side effects. Of the dietary supplements, spicy foods have always been considered a great source of functional bioactive compounds. Herbal therapy is broadly used in many countries as a treatment or as a preventive measure in the management of MetS risk factors, including blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels. Herein, an attempt is made to evaluate the recent studies in the management of MetS with herbal alternatives, and to explore the possibility of their use as therapeutic treatments or supplements.

Download Full-text