The Relationship between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Intake of Specific Foods and Depression in an Adult Population (45–75 Years) in Primary Health Care. A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

Background: The relationship between the quality of the diet and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet with the presence of persistent or recurrent depressive symptoms have been described. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the intake of specific foods in primary care patients aged 45 to 75, having subclinical or major depression. The study also specifically analyzes this relationship in individuals suffering from chronic diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. 3062 subjects met the inclusion criteria from the EIRA study. Sociodemographic variables, clinical morbidity, depression symptomatology (PHQ-9) and adherence to Mediterranean diet (MEDAS) were collected. Results: Being female, younger, with a higher BMI, consuming more than 1 serving of red meat a day and drinking more than one carbonated or sugary drink daily, not consuming 3 servings of nuts a week and not eating 2 vegetables cooked in olive oil a week are predictors of having higher depressive symptomatology. Conclusions: Assessing the type of diet of patients presenting depressive symptoms and promoting adherence to a healthy diet is important, especially in patients with chronic diseases. However, depression is a very complex issue and the relationship between nutrition and depression must be further examined.

Download Full-text

Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Adherence to Mediterranean Diet in Representative Adult Population in Casablanca City, Morocco: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2020/3105271 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karima Mohtadi ◽

Rajaa Msaad ◽

Najwa Benalioua ◽

Ali Jafri ◽

Hasnaa Meftah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Adult Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Dairy Consumption ◽

High Adherence ◽

The Relationship

Several studies had revealed that following the Mediterranean diet (MD) contributes to beneficial health status and a decreased risk of many chronic diseases. The aim of our study was to assess adherence to MD in Casablanca City and to identify the relationship between MD adherence and sociodemographic and lifestyle parameters. This cross-sectional study concerned 719 subjects with complete dietary data. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire including sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. The dietary intake was assessed with the use of a food-frequency questionnaire. The compliance with MD was evaluated with a simplified MD score. Our study showed that high adherence to the MD was characterized by high intakes of vegetables, fruits, pulses, fish, cereals, olive oil, and low meat and dairy consumption according to the Simplified MD score. As regard to the multivariate logistic, being a man, being married, persons with a level of education >6 years, luxurious housing, and consumption of alcohol were associated with a higher adherence to MD, while, the overweight was negatively associated with a higher adherence to MD. Maintaining the traditional MD pattern is crucial for public health; in this way, more research is needed in this area in order to precisely measure these associations.

Download Full-text

Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of depression later in life. A cross sectional study in East Attica, Greece

Global Psychiatry ◽

10.2478/gp-2019-0012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 201-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Konstantinos Argyropoulos ◽

Evangelia Machini

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Older People ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mediterranean

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of depression later in life in an urban area and to investigate the associations between possible risk and protective factors including adherence to a Mediterranean diet.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among the active members of the open day-care centres for older people, in East-Attica, Greece. An anonymous questionnaire was developed to collect basic demographic and medical data, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was applied to screen the elderly for depressive symptoms, the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to quantify sleep disturbances and adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Statistics was processed with SPSS 24.0.Results154 older adults took part in the study. According to GDS-15, 24.7% (21.4% moderate and 3.2% severe type) screened positive for depressive symptoms. 29.9% of the participants reported inadequate sleep, based on AIS. Depression and insomnia in older participants were more frequent in women than in men, in lower educated, in participants with lower monthly income and in older people with comorbidity (p < 0.05).MDS revealed that adherence to a Mediterranean diet was moderate for 64.3% of the participants, and it was high for 34.4%. Depression diagnosed by a physician, was strongly associated with MDS (p = 0.035) and AIS (p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis results revealed a diet higher in vegetables and lower in poultry and alcohol was associated with decreased likelihood of developing symptoms of depression later in life.ConclusionsOur results support that depression in older adults is common and strongly associated with several risk factors. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet may protect against the development of depressive symptoms in older age. Moreover, not only diet but also sleep-deficiency might contribute to the depression later in life.

Download Full-text

Relationship between Depressive Symptoms, Personality, and Binge Drinking among University Students in Spain

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm11010053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Manuel Herrero-Montes ◽

Cristina Alonso-Blanco ◽

María Paz-Zulueta ◽

Amada Pellico-López ◽

Laura Ruiz-Azcona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

University Students ◽

Binge Drinking ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neo Five Factor Inventory ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Binge drinking (BD) is a common practice among college students. Alcohol consumption has been related to depressive symptoms and certain personality factors, although less is known about the relationship of these variables with BD. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of BD with depressive symptoms and personality in university students. We performed a cross-sectional study among students (aged 18–30 years) enrolled in the academic year 2018–2019 at the Faculty of Nursing of the University of Cantabria (Spain). Sociodemographic, academic, and alcohol and other drug use information was collected by means of a semi-structured questionnaire. The Beck Depression Inventory-II was used to measure depressive symptomatology and the Neo Five-Factor Inventory was used for personality. A total of 142 participants were included, 88.03% of which were women. Up to 38.03% were classified as BD. Concerning depressive symptoms, 7.41% of BD were at the moderate-severe level compared to 3.41% of non-BD (p = 0.7096). Regarding personality, the median score for extraversion of BD was 35 (Q1 = 29, Q3 = 40), 32 (Q1 = 28, Q3 = 36) in non-BD (p = 0.0062), conscientiousness scored 34 (Q1 = 30.5, Q3 = 38) points in non-BD, 31.50 (Q1 = 27, Q3 = 37) in BD (p = 0.0224). In conclusion, BD students have higher levels of extraversion and lower levels of responsibility than non-BD students. No significant differences were found between the level of depressive symptomatology between BD and non-BD students.

Download Full-text

Osteoarthritis and the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10081030 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1030 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Isabel Morales-Ivorra ◽

Montserrat Romera-Baures ◽

Blanca Roman-Viñas ◽

Lluis Serra-Majem

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cartilage Degradation ◽

Epidemiological Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The Relationship

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects 240 million people globally. Few studies have examined the links between osteoarthritis and the Mediterranean diet (MD). The aim of this paper was to systematically review and analyze the epidemiological evidence in humans on the MD and its association with OA. A systematic search of EMBASE identified three studies that explored the association between MD and OA. Two of them were cross-sectional and the third one was a 16-week randomized clinical trial. Prisma declaration was followed to carry out this review. These studies described a positive association between a higher adherence to a MD and the quality of life of participants suffering OA. The prevalence of OA was lower in participants with a higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet. Biomarkers of inflammation and cartilage degradation related to OA were also analyzed and significant differences were detected only for IL1-α, which decreased in the MD group. Exploring the relationship between MD and OA is complex, moreover, the limited evidence and methodological differences in such studies makes it difficult to compare results. In conclusion, the three studies included in this systematic review demonstrated some relation between osteoarthritis and a Mediterranean diet. However, prospective and longer interventions are required to evaluate the long-term efficacy of the Mediterranean diet to improve symptomatology and preventing osteoarthritis.

Download Full-text

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle Characteristics of University Students in Cyprus: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2016/2742841 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Elena Hadjimbei ◽

George Botsaris ◽

Vassilis Gekas ◽

Andrie G. Panayiotou

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Fast Food ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Adult Population ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adherence Score ◽

The Mean ◽

The Mediterranean

Objective. To assess dietary-related habits among young adults.Design and Setting. Dietary habits were assessed cross-sectionally, using a self-completed questionnaire in 193 students enrolled in public and private universities in Cyprus. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the validated KIDMED index. BMI was estimated based on weight and height measurements.Results. The mean BMI was 23.31 (±3.98). The mean adherence score to the Mediterranean diet was 6.0 (IQR 4 to 8), with 26.9% of students being classified as high adherers and 21.8% as low adherers to the Mediterranean diet. About 32% of students consumed a second serving of fruit and vegetables more than once a day, whereas 26% reported going more than once a week to a fast-food restaurant and 31% consumed sweets and candy several times a day. On the other hand, 76% of participants reported consumption of at least two dairy products daily and 88% use olive oil at home. The majority consume coffee 2-3 times per day.Conclusions. Results support a shift from traditional healthy diets to more unhealthy eating patterns. However, we also report a high dairy intake and use of olive oil. Tailored-made strategies targeting the young adult population could be warranted.

Download Full-text

The effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Diseases: Cardiovascular Diseases, Oxidative Stress, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus, Blood Pressure, Cancer, Neurodegenerative Disease and Obesity

Journal of Applied and Advanced Research ◽

10.21839/jaar.2017.v2i6.122 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 333 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdelhay Benyaich

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Fish And Shellfish ◽

The Relationship

Poor dietary habits lead to the emergence of chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cancer, dementia, obesity and oxidative stress involved through the aggression of cells by free radicals, Knowing that these diseases cause a global burden both individually and economically, Several studies focus on the relationship between diet and chronic disease. Studies suggest that the Mediterranean diet, (MD) traditional eating habits and lifestyle specific to the Mediterranean region, reduce the incidence of chronic diseases and improve longevity. The MD is known to be one of the healthiest diets, this diet is based on herbs, spices, vegetables, fruits, olive oils, cereals (preferably whole grains), legumes and nuts, fish and shellfish, white meat, so the main source of dietary fat from MD is olive oil. Moderate consumption of eggs and dairy products, and reduced consumption of red meats, processed meats and foods rich in sugars and fats. MD has a beneficial fatty acid profile with a higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MSFA) and a higher MSFA / saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio than non-Mediterranean diets. High consumption of dietary fiber. a low glycemic index, anti-inflammatory effects, and antioxidant compounds, can work together to produce favorable effects on health status. MD is rich in vitamins and minerals, such as: vitamin B (B1, B2, niacin, B6, folate and B12) and antioxidant vitamins (vitamins E and C), and polyphenol, flavonoids, phytosterols, n-fatty acids 3 (alpha linoleic acid), resveratrol, quercetin, oleic acid, carotenoids and lutein. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current state of science regarding the relationship between the traditional Mediterranean diet and lifestyle related chronic diseases, and discuss the mechanisms involved and opportunities. in this area of research, to clarify and increase the confidence of the role of nutrition in the etiology of chronic diseases.

Download Full-text

Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Mediator of the Relationship of Recreational Screen Time on Mediterranean Diet Score in Schoolchildren

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094490 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4490

Author(s):

José Francisco López-Gil ◽

Antonio García-Hermoso ◽

Javier Brazo-Sayavera ◽

Pedro Juan Tárraga López ◽

Juan Luis Yuste Lucas

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Screen Time ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Diet Score ◽

Lower Adherence

Background: Studies have reported the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet as well as lower recreational screen time. Similarly, higher screen time has been negatively linked to a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet. However, the mediator effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on the influence of screen time on adherence to the Mediterranean diet is still unknown. The aim of this study was two-fold: first, to assess the combined association of recreational screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness with adherence to Mediterranean diet among Spanish schoolchildren, and second, to elucidate whether the association between recreational screen time and adherence to the Mediterranean diet is mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 370 schoolchildren aged 6–13 years from six schools in the Region of Murcia (Spain) were included. Results: The mediation analysis showed that once screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness were included together in the model, cardiorespiratory fitness was positively linked to adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p = 0.020) and although screen time remained negatively related to adherence to the Mediterranean diet, this association was slightly attenuated (indirect effect = −0.027; 95% CI = (−0.080, −0.002)). Conclusions: This research supports that cardiorespiratory fitness may reduce the negative association between screen time and Mediterranean dietary patterns.

Download Full-text

Cooking at Home and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet During the COVID-19 Confinement: The Experience From the Croatian COVIDiet Study

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.617721 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Danijela Pfeifer ◽

Josip Rešetar ◽

Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusurić ◽

Ines Panjkota Krbavčić ◽

Darija Vranešić Bender ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Adult Population ◽

Dietary Behavior ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The Impact

Introduction: The primary aims of this study were to evaluate the changes in dietary behavior among the Croatian adult population during the COVID-19 outbreak and to explore the impact of confinement on cooking habits.Methods: The study was based on results from COVIDiet_Int cross-sectional study—a part of COVIDiet project (NCT04449731). A self-administered online questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of food consumption, eating habits, and sociodemographic information. A total number of 4,281 participants (80.5% females and 19.4% males) completed the questionnaire.Results: The Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) score before the confinement was 5.02 ± 1.97, while during the confinement, the MEDAS score increased to 5.85 ± 2.04. Participants who had higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) during the confinement were mostly females (88.8%), aged between 20 and 50 years, with the highest level of education (66.3%) and normal BMI (70.6%). The majority of participants maintained their dietary behavior as it was before COVID-19 confinement, while 36.9% decreased their physical activity. Participants with higher MEDAS score were more eager to increase their physical activity. Additionally, higher median values of MEDAS score were noted for participants with body mass index values below 24.9 kg/m2 (6.0 vs. 5.0 for participants with BMI above 25 kg/m2). Participants in all residence places increased their cooking frequency during the confinement (53.8%), which was associated with an increase in vegetables, legumes, as well as fish and seafood consumption.Conclusions: According to our findings, Croatian adults exhibited medium adherence to the MedDiet during the COVID-19 confinement. The results suggest that cooking frequency could be positively associated with overall dietary quality, which is of utmost importance in these demanding times.

Download Full-text

Depressive symptomatology and cognitive functioning: an epidemiological survey in an elderly community sample in France

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700032815 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 159-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

R. Fuhrer ◽

T. C. Antonucci ◽

M. Gagnon ◽

J.-F. Dartigues ◽

P. Barberger-Gateau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Living Arrangements ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Functional Limitations ◽

Community Sample ◽

Epidemiological Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

The Relationship

SYNOPSISAs part of a 5-year, prospective, epidemiological survey of normal and pathological ageing, this cross-sectional analysis examines the relationship between depressive symptomatology (CES-D) and cognitive functioning (MMS) in a community sample of 2792 non-institutionalized persons (age ≥ 65) living in Southwest France. Of the sample, 13·4%, report depressive symptoms above the cut-off. A significant association was found between CES-D and MMS scores, but after adjusting for age, living arrangements, and especially functional limitations, the relationship remained strong only for women.

Download Full-text

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern, cognitive status and depressive symptoms in an elderly non-institutionalized population

Nutrición Hospitalaria ◽

10.20960/nh.360 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 338 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ana Hernández-Galiot ◽

Isabel Goñi

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽

Diet Pattern ◽

The Mediterranean

Abstract: Introduction: Scientific evidence indicates that adherence to the Mediterranean diet protects against the deterioration of cognitive status and depressive symptoms during aging. However, few studies have been conducted in elderly non-institutionalized subjects. Objetive: This study evaluated the relation between the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and cognitive status and depressive symptoms in an elderly population over 75 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Mediterranean city (Garrucha, Spain) in 79 elderly people over 75 (36 men and 41 women). Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern was determined using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Cognitive function was determined by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and depressive symptoms were assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results: Most of population showed a very high adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern and optimal cognitive and affective status. They consumed olive oil as their main source of fat, high levels of fish and fruit, low levels of foods with added sugars, and a low consumption of red meat. A significant inverse relation between the MEDAS and MMSE scores was found. However, no relationship was observed between the MEDAS and GDS.Conclusions: The Mediterranean diet pattern was positively related with the cognitive function, although the influence of a healthy dietary pattern on the symptomatology of depression was unclear. However, an effective strategy against cognitive function and depression would be to improve physical activity rates, establish lifelong healthy eating habits, and consume a nutritionally-rich diet in order to enhance quality of life of the elderly.

Download Full-text