Consumption of Food Supplements during the Three COVID-19 Waves in Poland—Focus on Zinc and Vitamin D

Food supplements (FS) are a concentrated source of vitamins, minerals, or other ingredients with nutritional or other physiological effects. Due to their easy availability, widespread advertising, and sometimes low price, increased consumption of this group of preparations has been observed. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and intake of FS during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, with particular reference to FS containing zinc and vitamin D. It was noted that both of the above ingredients were used significantly more often by people with higher education (59.0%), with a medical background or related working in the medical field (54.5%), and/or exercising at home (60.1%). Preparations containing vitamin D were used by 22.8% of the respondents in the first wave, 37.6% in the second wave, and 32.9% in the third wave. To sum up, we showed the highest consumption of vitamin and mineral supplements, and preparations containing zinc and vitamin D were taken significantly more often by people with higher medical and related education. This indicates a high awareness of health aspects and the need for preventive measures in these groups.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Food Supplement Consumption in Polish Population of Adults

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.733951 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Katarzyna Stoś ◽

Agnieszka Woźniak ◽

Ewa Rychlik ◽

Izabela Ziółkowska ◽

Aneta Głowala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Reference Values ◽

Adult Population ◽

Pantothenic Acid ◽

Food Supplement ◽

Food Supplements ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Mineral Supplements ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Dietary Reference Values

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a great interest in food supplements. However the use of food supplements can be associated with the risk of excessive intake of vitamins or minerals which may have adverse health effects.Objective: Assessment of food supplement consumption in the adult population in Poland.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 1,831 adults (913 men, 918 women) from which 178 (59 men, 119 women) food supplement users were selected. The consumption of food supplements were assessed by the 24-h recall repeated two times and the food propensity questionnaire (FPQ).Results: 10% of the subjects consumed food supplements during the 12 months prior to the study (6% of men, 13% of women) and among users 68% (79% of men and 88% of women) in the day before the survey. Most respondents (44%) used vitamin supplements during the year. More men than women (27 vs. 11%, p = 0.0059) used mineral supplements while more women than men used vitamin and mineral supplements (31 vs. 8%, p = 0.0008). The most frequently supplemented vitamins were: B6 (58%), C (53%), and D (47%) and minerals were: magnesium (43%), zinc (34%), and iron (29%). More women than men supplemented vitamin B6 (71 vs. 40%, p = 0.0012), vitamin D (54 vs. 36%, p = 0.0061) and magnesium (49 vs. 34%, p = 0.0075). Intake of riboflavin, pantothenic acid and manganese were higher in the group of men (respectively: 3.3 mg ± 6.0 vs. 1.4 mg ± 0.3, p = 0.0329; 9.4 mg ± 5.6 vs. 6.1 mg ± 2.0, p = 0.0357; 2.2 mg ± 0.9 vs. 1.3 mg ± 0.6, p = 0.0080) but intake of vitamin D was higher in the group of women (15.7 μg ± 20.4 vs. 33.1 μg ± 26.4, p = 0.0085). In many cases, the intake of vitamins and minerals from food supplements covered the Dietary Reference Values for these nutrients in 100%. In some persons the intake of biotin, vitamin B12, C, B6, riboflavin, niacin was higher than the reference values several dozen times. The intake of vitamins and minerals exceed UL in a few cases relating to vitamin B6 and magnesium.Conclusions: A minority of adults in Poland used food supplements. However, those products were a significant source of vitamins and minerals. Intake of vitamins and minerals from food supplements should be monitored.

Download Full-text

Minimize Risks of COVID-19 Infection

Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences ◽

10.37871/jbres1174 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (8) ◽

pp. 427-430

Author(s):

Sunil J Wimalawansa

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Immune System ◽

Middle East ◽

Late Spring ◽

Third Wave ◽

Hot Weather ◽

25 Oh Vitamin D ◽

Second Wave

The first wave of COVID-19 spread across the globe, rapidly during the first half of the year 2020 [1]. Since August 2020, the second wave of COVID-19 has been rampaging across most countries. A third wave may likely occur during the late spring of 2021. These in part coincide with the annual winter flu season in countries located in northern and later, the southern most latitudes, during their respective winter periods. One exception is the summertime peak in the middle-east when most people, near totally avoid exposure to sunlight due to extremely hot weather. During these vulnerable periods, body stores and the serum 25(OH)vitamin D [25(OH)D)] concentration reduce; in parallel, the immune system weakens, thus increasing the risks for respiratory viral illnesses, including COVID-19.

Download Full-text

Third Wave Feminist Analysis of a Second Wave Feminist's Art

Departures in Critical Qualitative Research ◽

10.1525/dcqr.2015.4.1.57 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 57-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jennifer A. Zenovich ◽

Shane T. Moreman

Keyword(s):

Oral History ◽

Symbolic Order ◽

Oral Histories ◽

Third Wave ◽

Feminist Art ◽

Feminist Analysis ◽

Second Wave

A third wave feminist approach to feminist oral history, this research essay blends both the visual and the oral as text. We critique a feminist artist's art along with her words so that her representation can be seen and heard. Focusing on three art pieces, we analyze the artist's body to conceptualize agentic ways to understand the meanings of feminist art and feminist oral history. We offer a third wave feminist approach to feminist oral history as method so that feminists can consider adaptive means for recording oral histories and challenging dominant symbolic order.

Download Full-text

Rickets in Children: An Update

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9070738 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 738

Author(s):

Cristina Gentile ◽

Francesco Chiarelli

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Physical Examination ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Rapid Diagnosis ◽

Common Disease ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Nutritional Rickets ◽

Laboratory Features ◽

Radiologic Features

Rickets refers to a deficient mineralization of the growth plate cartilage, predominantly affecting longer bones. Despite the fact that preventive measures are available, it is still a common disease worldwide; nutritional rickets, due to vitamin D deficiency or dietary calcium inadequate intake, remains the most common form. Medical history, physical examination, radiologic features and biochemical tests are essential for diagnosis. Although recent studies suggest hypophosphatemia as the leading alteration, rickets is classically divided into two categories: calcipenic rickets and phosphopenic rickets. Knowledge of this categorization and of respective clinical and laboratory features is essential for rapid diagnosis and correct management. The aim of this review is to analyze the epidemiological, pathogenetic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of the different forms of rickets, describing the novelties on this “long-lived” disease.

Download Full-text

Outpatient Management of COVID-19 Disease: A Holistic Patient-Centered Proposal Based on the Greek Experience

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11080709 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 709

Author(s):

Adamantia Liapikou ◽

Eleni Tzortzaki ◽

Georgios Hillas ◽

Miltiadis Markatos ◽

Ilias C. Papanikolaou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preventive Measures ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Guidance Document ◽

Outpatient Management ◽

Patient Centered ◽

Mild Disease ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Second Wave ◽

Close Contacts

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a worldwide pandemic and affected more than 227 countries or territories, resulting in more than 179 million cases with over 3.890.00 deaths, as of June 25, 2021. The Hellenic Thoracic Society (HTS) during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic released a guidance document for the management of patients with COVID-19 in the community and in hospital setting. In this review, with guidance the HTS document, we are discussing the outpatient management of COVID-19 patients, including the preventive measures, the patients’ isolation and quarantine criteria of close contacts, the severity and risk stratification, including the decisions for advanced hospitalization, and the disease management at home in patients with mild disease and after hospital discharge for those with more severe disease.

Download Full-text

The Revival of Quantification: Reflections on Old New Histories

Social Science History ◽

10.1017/ssh.2020.44 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Steven Ruggles

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Social History ◽

Economic History ◽

Historical Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

First Century ◽

Third Wave ◽

Late Twentieth ◽

The 1960S ◽

Second Wave

AbstractQuantitative historical analysis in the United States surged in three distinct waves. The first quantitative wave occurred as part of the “New History” that blossomed in the early twentieth century and disappeared in the 1940s and 1950s with the rise of consensus history. The second wave thrived from the 1960s to the 1980s during the ascendance of the New Economic History, the New Political History, and the New Social History, and died out during the “cultural turn” of the late twentieth century. The third wave of historical quantification—which I call the revival of quantification—emerged in the second decade of the twenty-first century and is still underway. I describe characteristics of each wave and discuss the historiographical context of the ebb and flow of quantification in history.

Download Full-text

Tone of Postcards in Increasing Survey Response Rates

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.94.2.444-448 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 444-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James H. Price ◽

Faith Yingling ◽

Eileen Walsh ◽

Judy Murnan ◽

Joseph A. Dake

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Response Rates ◽

Survey Response ◽

Third Wave ◽

Chi Square ◽

Mail Surveys ◽

The Third ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Second Wave

This study assessed differences in response rates to a series of three-wave mail surveys when amiable or insistently worded postcards were the third wave of the mailing. Three studies were conducted; one with a sample of 600 health commissioners, one with a sample of 680 vascular nurses, and one with 600 elementary school secretaries. The combined response rates for the first and second wave mailings were 65.8%, 67.6%, and 62.4%, respectively. A total of 308 amiable and 308 insistent postcards were sent randomly to nonrespondents as the third wave mailing. Overall, there were 41 amiable and 52 insistent postcards returned, not significantly different by chi-square test. However, a separate chi-square test for one of the three studies, the nurses' study, did find a significant difference in favor of the insistently worded postcards.

Download Full-text

Genetic and Epigenetic Variations of SARS-Cov-2 and Host Genes and Their Impact in Covid-19 Pandemic

10.20944/preprints202108.0058.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammed Elayadeth Meethal ◽

Punnoth Poonkuzhi Naseef ◽

Mohamed Saheer Kuruniyan ◽

Mansoor C Abdulla ◽

Shyju Ollakkod ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Virus ◽

Membrane Surface ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Genetic Variations ◽

Third Wave ◽

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽

Novel Variants ◽

The Impact ◽

Second Wave

The global COVID-19 pandemic claiming global spread continues to evolve, now to the verge of a third wave of outbreak possibly caused by the novel variants of concern of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The test positivity rate (TPR) and case fatal-ity rate (CFR) have increased steeply in the second wave of COVID-19 compared to the first. From the example of Kerala, a state in southern India, positivity increased from 1.33% at the peak of wave one in 10th June 2020 to 13.45% during 10th June 2021 in the second wave of pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2) is a trans membrane surface protein present on multiple types of cells in the human body to which the viral spike protein attaches. Genetic variations in the SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 receptor can affect the transmission, clinical manifestations, mortality and the efficacy of drugs and vaccines for COVID-19. Mutations are the primary cause of genetic variations. Given the high TPR and CFR, it is necessary to understand the variations of SARS-CoV-2 and cellular receptors of SARS-CoV-2 at the molecular level. In this review, we summarize the impact of genetic and ep-igenetic variations in determining COVID-19 pathogenesis and disease outcome.

Download Full-text

Feminizm amerykański trzeciej fali – zmiana i kontynuacja

Przegląd Politologiczny ◽

10.14746/pp.2011.16.2.2 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 19-27

Author(s):

Grażyna STRNAD

Keyword(s):

Gender Stereotypes ◽

18Th Century ◽

Social Role ◽

Common Interest ◽

Third Wave ◽

Equal Rights ◽

The Third ◽

American Society ◽

The Right ◽

Second Wave

The history of American women fighting for equal rights dates back to the 18th century, when in Boston, in 1770, they voiced the demand that the status of women be changed. Abigail Adams, Sarah Grimke, Angelina Grimke and Frances Wright are considered to have pioneered American feminism. An organized suffrage movement is assumed to have originated at the convention Elizabeth Stanton organized in Seneca Falls in 1848. This convention passed a Declaration of Sentiments, which criticized the American Declaration of Independence as it excluded women. The most prominent success achieved in this period was the US Congress passing the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution granting women the right to vote. The 1960s saw the second wave of feminism, resulting from disappointment with the hitherto promotion of equality. The second-wave feminists claimed that the legal reforms did not provide women with the changes they expected. As feminists voiced the need to feminize the world, they struggled for social customs to change and gender stereotypes to be abandoned. They criticized the patriarchal model of American society, blaming this model for reducing the social role of women to that of a mother, wife and housewife. They pointed to patriarchal ideology, rather than nature, as the source of the inequality of sexes. The leading representatives of the second wave of feminism were Betty Friedan (who founded the National Organization for Women), Kate Millet (who wrote Sexual Politics), and Shulamith Firestone (the author of The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution). The 1990s came to be called the third wave of feminism, characterized by multiple cultures, ethnic identities, races and religions, thereby becoming a heterogenic movement. The third-wave feminists, Rebecca Walker and Bell Hooks, represented groups of women who had formerly been denied the right to join the movement, for example due to racial discrimination. They believed that there was not one ‘common interest of all women’ but called for leaving no group out in the fight for the equality of women’s rights. They asked that the process of women’s emancipation that began with the first wave embrace and approve of the diversity of the multiethnic American society.

Download Full-text

Symptoms, Features of Diagnosis and Preventive Measures During the “Second Wave” COVID-19 in Residents of the Kyrgyz Republic

Bulletin of Science and Practice ◽

10.33619/2414-2948/65/20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 164-175

Author(s):

Sh. Sulaimanov ◽

Zh. Esenalieva

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Kyrgyz Republic ◽

Social Changes ◽

Intellectual Work ◽

X Ray ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Spread Of Infection ◽

Second Wave ◽

Muscle Ache

The results of our study show that the respondent’s perception of large-scale social changes associated with the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection in the Kyrgyz Republic has a number of features. A sufficient level of awareness of the respondents about the symptoms of the disease, the ways of transmission of the virus, and measures to prevent the spread of infection are combined with an underestimation of the situation (17.2%). The majority (66.6%) of the respondents lived in Bishkek. The survey was held among 247 people, most of whom were women (57.3%) and young people (35.9±14.9 years). Every fourth participant in the study is a chronic tobacco smoker (24%). Less than half (47.3%) of the respondents were engaged in intellectual work. Among the respondents, the most common symptoms of COVID-19 were loss of taste or smell, fever, headache, muscle ache, cough, sore throat. Every third (28.4%) respondent was referred to an X-ray, CT scan. PCR and ELISA studies were carried out, respectively, by 22.5% and 10.9%.

Download Full-text