scholarly journals Allelopathic and Herbicidal Effects of Crude Extract from Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King and H.Rob. on Echinochloa crus-galli and Amaranthus viridis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1609
Author(s):  
Thanatsan Poonpaiboonpipat ◽  
Ramida Krumsri ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Concentrated Suspension ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Whole Plant

The present study was aimed at investigating the allelopathic effects of a crude extract from Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King and H.Rob. (Siam weed). The effects of 70% crude ethanol extract from the whole plant, leaf, stem, and root on the germination and growth of Echinochloa crus-galli and Amaranthus viridis seedlings were evaluated using Petri-dish tests under laboratory conditions. Crude extracts from the leaf showed the highest inhibitory activity. The leaf extract (OR) was further separated by sequential solvent extraction to provide hexane (HX), ethyl acetate (ET), and butanol (BU) fractions, which were also evaluated using Petri-dish tests. The hexane fraction was significantly the most active; therefore, it was selected for formulation in a concentrated suspension and tested for its herbicidal characteristics. The formulation showed greater early post-emergence than post- and pre-emergence activities, respectively. The physiological mechanism of the formulation was tested against E. crus-galli and showed that chlorophyll a and b and the carotenoid contents of the leaf dramatically decreased when the concentration was increased, suggesting its ability to disrupt the process of photosynthesis. As thiobarbituric acid reactive substances also occurred in the leaf of E. crus-galli, this suggests lipid peroxidation and cell disruption. These results represent the possibility that C. odorata extract contains inhibitory compounds with herbicidal activity and could be used as an early post-emergence herbicide for weed control.

POTENTIAL USE OF Coronopus didymus (L.) SM. IN PARTHENIUM MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Iqra Haider Khan
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Alien Weed ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Potential Use

This study aimed to assess a brassicaceous weed Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. as a source of potential natural herbicides for management of an alien weed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Initially, the effect of aqueous leaf, stem, root and flower extracts (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0%) of the weed was checked on germination and growth of the target weed. Leaf and stem extracts showed the best herbicidal activity and a 2.5% extract of the each plant part completely inhibited germination of parthenium seeds. The lowest extract concentration (0.5%) of leaf and stem reduced germination by 56 and 46%, shoot length by 43 and 12%, root length by 59 and 62%, and biomass of whole plant by 44 and 15%, respectively. Root and flower extracts were less herbicidal and reduced parthenium germination by 23–52% and 33–56%, respectively. In a pot experiment, soil was incorporated with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.10, 1.2% (w/w) crushed dry biomass of C. didymus, parthenium seeds were sown after one week and the effect of amendment on germination and plant growth was recorded after 45 days of sowing. All the doses of soil amendment significantly suppressed root length by 21–48% over control. A 1.2% soil amendment significantly reduced biomass of parthenium seedlings by 23%. This study concludes that leaf and stem extracts of parthenium possess potent herbicidal potential for control of parthenium.

scholarly journals Preliminary phytochemical screenings and Pharmacological activities of Blumea lacera (Burn.f.) DC.

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Md Abul Khair ◽  
Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Qamrul Ahsan ◽  
Md Ruhul Kuddus ◽  
Ridwan Bin Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Acetyl Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Blumea Lacera

The methanol extract of the whole plant of Blumea lacera (Burn.f.) DC. (BLME) has been subjected to preliminary screenings for phytoconstituents and antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Antipyretic activity was assessed by the yeast-induced hyperthermia in mice. The analgesic property was evaluated by formalin-induced writhing test. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) was used as standard for in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity test. In yeast-induced pyrexia, the crude extract demonstrated a significant (p=0.05) reduction in body temperature of mice after elevation by the administration of yeast. These effects were pronounced at the 2nd and 3rd h of post-treatment with the extract. BLME exhibited a dose-dependent analgesic activity with 39.13% and 56.52% protection at 200-and 400-mg/kg, b.w., respectively as compared to 76.09% revealed by the standard diclofenac sodium. In the anti-inflammatory test, the crude extract at 400 ?g/ml displayed 62.40% inhibition of protein denaturation whereas standard acetyl salicylic acid exhibited 76.74% inhibition. Results of the preliminary phytochemical screenings demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and triterpenoids in the extract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21863 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 69-73, 2014 (June)

scholarly journals PROMOTION OF ORGANIC AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE THROUGH THE USE OF BIO-FERTILIZERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Barsha Kc ◽  
Bidhya Pandey ◽  
Himani Chand ◽  
Prashamsa Bhusal ◽  
Sukriti Pandit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidative Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Crystallization Point

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) belongs to the family Leguminosae. It is commonly growing in tropical and subtropical regions now and is one of the most important plant resources as cuisine materials. Antioxidative activity of tamarind seeds was investigated. An ethanol extract prepared from the seed coat contained antioxidative activity as measured by the thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. Essential oils are highly odorous droplets found in minimal quantities in the flowers, stems, leaves, roots and barks of aromatic plants. They are not recognized as true oils as the vegetable oils, but highly fluid and volatile. Experts recognize an essential oil by its aroma and test the oil characteristics such as vaporization and crystallization point using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). DSC has emerged as a powerful experimental technique for determining thermodynamic properties of biomacromolecules. Volatile components of tamarind leaves and seed locally grown will be isolated by Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). The presence of essential oil as the volatile components will be investigated to determine whether this method is effective or not to extract the oil from tamarind leaves and seed. The parameters that will be measured are the time for the oil droplets formation and the optimum temperature for the extraction of oil. At the end of the extraction, amber color oil was obtained. Results showed that the time for the oil droplets formation increasing with the increasing weight of sample for both tamarind leaves and seed samples. The optimum temperature for the extraction obtained was 125ºC with the yield of 1.2 mL of seed oil. The vaporization and crystallization point of oil are presented in the DSC curve and the specific heat capacity of the oil are calculated.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Melastoma malabathricum and Chromolaena odorata by DPPH radical scavenging method

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
N.H. Ismail ◽  
Amira N.H. ◽  
S.N.H.M. Latip ◽  
W.Z.W.M. Zain ◽  
S.N.A. Aani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

Melastoma malabathricum and Chromolaena odorata are classified under broad-leaved weeds that are widely spread in the open land area. Melastoma malabathricum is commonly known as ‘‘senduduk’’, and C. odorata is locally known as “Pokok Kapal Terbang”. Both weeds are categorized as potential weeds as they have high nutritive value and are rich in chemical compounds. This study aimed to determine their chemical constituents and possible potential for antioxidant activity as these weeds have been reported to possess antioxidant properties. Screening of the plants was performed using standard methods and revealed the existence of various secondary metabolites such as saponins, terpenoids, phenols, tannins, and flavonoids of both weed extracts. Antioxidant activity was validated by the DPPH radical scavenging assay of M. malabathricum and C. odorata crude ethanol extract. The IC50 values for the percentage radical scavenging effects for the extracts were determined. The IC50 value of M. malabatrichum extract was 81.116 μg/mL, C. odorata was 312.903 μg/mL, Vitamin C was 31.023 μg/mL and BHA was 71.521 μg/mL respectively. The study showed that the antioxidant activity of M. malabatrichum was more potent and better than C. odorata.

scholarly journals Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Biflavonoids from Branches of Garcinia gardneriana (Clusiaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Angélica Recalde-Gil ◽  
Luiz Carlos Klein-Júnior ◽  
Carolina dos Santos Passos ◽  
Juliana Salton ◽  
Sérgio Augusto de Loreto Bordignon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Spectrometric Data ◽  
Mao B ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Mao A ◽  
Mao Activity

Garcinia gardneriana is chemically characterized by the presence of biflavonoids. Taking into account that flavonoids are able to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, in the present study, the chemical composition of the branches’ extract of the plant is described for the first time and the MAO inhibitory activity of the isolated biflavonoids was evaluated. Based on spectroscopic and spectrometric data, it was possible to identify volkesiflavone, morelloflavone (1), Gb-2a (2) and Gb-2a-7- O-glucoside (3) in the ethyl acetate fraction from ethanol extract of the branches. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated in vitro and demonstrated the capacity to inhibit MAO-A activity with an IC50 ranging from 5.05 to 10.7 μM, and from 20.7 to 66.2 μM for MAO-B. These inhibitions corroborate with previous IC50 obtained for monomeric flavonoids, with a higher selectivity for MAO-A isoform. The obtained results indicate that biflavonoids might be promising structures for the identification of new MAO inhibitory compounds.

scholarly journals Cynara cardunculus Crude Extract as a Powerful Natural Herbicide and Insight into the Mode of Action of Its Bioactive Molecules

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofiene Ben Kaab ◽  
Laurence Lins ◽  
Marwa Hanafi ◽  
Iness Bettaieb Rebey ◽  
Magali Deleu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Initial Interaction ◽  
Negative Impacts

The use of chemical herbicides could not only potentially induce negative impacts on the environment, animals, and human health, but also increase the weed resistance to herbicides. In this context, the use of plant extracts could be an interesting and natural alternative to chemical products. It is important to understand the mode of action of their bioactive compounds. This is why we have studied the herbicidal effect of Cynara cardunculus crude extract in terms of inhibition of weeds’ seedling growth and its impact on physiological parameters of treated plantlets, like conductivity, dry weight, and fluorescence, and biochemical parameters linked to oxidative stress. We have observed that C. cardunculus crude extract induces oxidative stress in the treated plants and consequently disturbs the physiological and biochemical functions of the plant cells. We have investigated the herbicidal activity of three bioactive compounds, naringenin, myricitrin, and quercetin, from the C. cardunculus crude extract. In both pre- and post-emergence trials, naringenin and myricitrin were significantly more phytotoxic than quercetin. We suggest that their differential initial interaction with the plant’s plasma membrane could be one of the main signals for electrolyte leakage and production of high levels of phenoxyl radicals.

scholarly journals AMELIORATION OF GENTAMICIN-INDUCED RENAL DAMAGE IN RATS BY ETHANOL EXTRACT OF THE WHOLE PLANT BIOPHYTUM SENSITIVUM (LINN.) DC

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Abhirama B. R. ◽  
Shanmuga Sundaram R ◽  
Raju A
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Group Ii

Objective: Present study was undertaken to investigate the nephroprotective activity of whole plant ethanol extract of Biophytum sensitivum Linn. DC (B. sensitivum; EEBS) on gentamicin induced-nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats.Methods: Animals were divided into five groups, containing six animals in each. Gentamicin (GM) 100 mg/kg/d; i. p., was given to all groups except normal control to induce nephrotoxicity for a period of 8 d in rats. Animals in Group I served as control and Group II as GM-treated or nephrotoxic control. Group III received standard quercetin (50 mg/kg; p. o.); group IV received EEBS (250 mg/kg; p. o.) and group V received EEBS (500 mg/kg; p. o.), for 8 d. Several renal functional tests and injury markers such as a change in body weight, water intake, urine volume and pH, urinary levels of total protein, albumin, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were measured. Different hematological parameters including, red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), white blood corpuscles (WBC), lymphocyte, monocyte, polymorphs and eosinophil were also analyzed.Results: The results revealed that co-administration of EEBS at 250 and 500 mg/kg significantly reduced the urinary excretion of total protein (4.05±0.04, 3.53±0.05 g/dl), albumin (0.81±0.08, 0.71±0.00 g/dl), calcium (8.05±0.05, 7.81±0.06 mg/dl) and magnesium (0.79±0.05, 0.77±0.06 mg/dl) respectively. EEBS treatment in group IV and V animals produced a significant increase in body weight (2.58±0.17, 2.52±0.22 g), water intake (17.35±0.82, 17.87±0.86 ml/24 h) urine output (7.24±0.15, 7.88±0.08 ml/24 h), compared to animals in group II. Co-therapy with both doses of extracts also showed significant increase in RBC (6.85±0.31, 7.10±0.43 million/mm3) Hb (13.96±0.21, 13.83±0.31 g/dl), MCH (20.45±0.49, 20.67±0.51 pg) and PCV (38.29±0.42, 38.53±0.20%) levels, whereas WBC (8.24±0.21, 8.15±0.10 1X103/mm3) and polymorphs (14.19±0.20, 14.05±0.11%) levels were found to be significantly reduced respectively in animals than those in toxic control group.Conclusion: This study substantiated and confirmed the ethnomedical usefulness of B. sensitivum as a nephroprotective and antioxidant agent.

Perspectives on Glyphosate Resistance

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D. Bradshaw ◽  
Stephen R. Padgette ◽  
Steven L. Kimball ◽  
Barbara H. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Residual Activity ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Observation Selection ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

The lack of evolution of weed resistance to the herbicide glyphosate has been considered from several perspectives. Few plant species are inherently resistant to glyphosate. Furthermore, the long history of extensive use of the herbicide has resulted in no verified instances of weeds evolving resistance under field situations. Unique properties of glyphosate such as its mode of action, metabolism, chemical structure and lack of residual activity in soil may explain this observation. Selection for glyphosate resistance of crops using intense whole plant and cell/tissue culture techniques, including mutagenesis, has had only limited success and is unlikely to be duplicated under normal field conditions. Information obtained in the development of glyphosate-resistant crops suggests that target-site alterations that decrease the herbicidal activity of glyphosate also may lead to reduced survival of a weed. In addition, the complex manipulations that were required for the development of glyphosate-resistant crops are unlikely to be duplicated in nature to evolve glyphosate-resistant weeds.

scholarly journals Chromatographic Analysis and Antioxidant Capacity of Tabernaemontana catharinensis

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline A. Boligon ◽  
Mariana Piana ◽  
Thiago G. Schawnz ◽  
Romaiana P. Pereira ◽  
João B. T. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Effective Agent

In this study we evaluated the composition of the crude extract and fractions of Tabernaemontana catharinensis (Apocynaceae) by HPLC/DAD and GC/MS. We also tested the antioxidant capacity and investigated the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids of T. catharinensis stem bark. The extract and fractions showed inhibition against thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), in the following order: ethyl acetate (IC50 = 4.7 ± 0.2 μg/mL) > dichloromethane (23.9 ± 1.1 μg/mL) > n-butanolic (25.2 ± 0.4 μg/mL) > crude extract (38.0 ± 0.07 μg/mL). Moreover, the DPPH assay, presented IC50 values ranged from 5.6 ± 0.6 to 30.3 ± 1.3 μg/mL. Contents of total phenols, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids of T. catharinensis followed the order: ethyl acetate > n-butanolic > dichloromethane fractions > crude extract. HPLC/DAD analyses indicated that gallic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids, and rutin, quercetin and kaempferol are components of the species. Taken together, the results suggest that T. catharinensis could be considered an effective agent in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

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