scholarly journals Chromatographic Analysis and Antioxidant Capacity of Tabernaemontana catharinensis

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline A. Boligon ◽  
Mariana Piana ◽  
Thiago G. Schawnz ◽  
Romaiana P. Pereira ◽  
João B. T. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Effective Agent

In this study we evaluated the composition of the crude extract and fractions of Tabernaemontana catharinensis (Apocynaceae) by HPLC/DAD and GC/MS. We also tested the antioxidant capacity and investigated the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids of T. catharinensis stem bark. The extract and fractions showed inhibition against thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), in the following order: ethyl acetate (IC50 = 4.7 ± 0.2 μg/mL) > dichloromethane (23.9 ± 1.1 μg/mL) > n-butanolic (25.2 ± 0.4 μg/mL) > crude extract (38.0 ± 0.07 μg/mL). Moreover, the DPPH assay, presented IC50 values ranged from 5.6 ± 0.6 to 30.3 ± 1.3 μg/mL. Contents of total phenols, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids of T. catharinensis followed the order: ethyl acetate > n-butanolic > dichloromethane fractions > crude extract. HPLC/DAD analyses indicated that gallic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids, and rutin, quercetin and kaempferol are components of the species. Taken together, the results suggest that T. catharinensis could be considered an effective agent in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Gene expression in human small intestinal mucosa in vivo is mediated by iron-induced oxidative stress

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freddy J. Troost ◽  
Robert-Jan M. Brummer ◽  
Guido R. M. M. Haenen ◽  
Aalt Bast ◽  
Rachel I. van Haaften ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Oxidative Challenge ◽  
Gene Reporters

Iron-induced oxidative stress in the small intestine may alter gene expression in the intestinal mucosa. The present study aimed to determine which genes are mediated by an iron-induced oxidative challenge in the human small intestine. Eight healthy volunteers [22 yr(SD2)] were tested on two separate occasions in a randomized crossover design. After duodenal tissue sampling by gastroduodenoscopy, a perfusion catheter was inserted orogastrically to perfuse a 40-cm segment of the proximal small intestine with saline and, subsequently, with either 80 or 400 mg of iron as ferrous gluconate. After the intestinal perfusion, a second duodenal tissue sample was obtained. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, in intestinal fluid samples increased significantly and dose dependently at 30 min after the start of perfusion with 80 or 400 mg of iron, respectively ( P < 0.001). During the perfusion with 400 mg of iron, the increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was accompanied by a significant, momentary rise in trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, an indicator of total antioxidant capacity ( P < 0.05). The expression of 89 gene reporters was significantly altered by both iron interventions. Functional mapping showed that both iron dosages mediated six distinct processes. Three of those processes involved G-protein receptor coupled pathways. The other processes were associated with cell cycle, complement activation, and calcium channels. Iron administration in the small intestine induced dose-dependent lipid peroxidation and a momentary antioxidant response in the lumen, mediated the expression of at least 89 individual gene reporters, and affected at least six biological processes.

scholarly journals PSI-36 Effect of short-chain fructooligosaccharides on Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in mature and senior stock-type horses

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
Emili McClure ◽  
Courtney P Heaton ◽  
Dishnu Sajeev ◽  
Thu Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Stock Type

Abstract Oxidative stress (OS) causes health complications through the destruction of cellular components as individuals age. Reactive oxygen species are used to measure OS through Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Other prebiotics have been used to reduce OS markers in numerous species; however, the effect of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) on OS has not been studied in the horse. Ten healthy stock-type horses were blocked by age into 2 groups: mature (MA; n = 5; 7.0 ± 0.87 yr) and senior (SR; n = 5; 22.6 ± 1.1 yr) to analyze effects of scFOS on TEAC and TBARS. Horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets for 25 d before transition to another diet. Diets were bermudagrass hay offered at 1.5% BW/d hay as-fed, hay with a ration balancer (CON), or hay with a ration balancer and scFOS added at a rate of 2.5 g/kg (PRE). Prior to a total fecal collection for an alternate study, horses were fasted overnight for 8 h with blood samples taken immediately prior to feeding (0), 30, and 60 min postprandial. Oxidative stress markers were analyzed for the 2 ration balancer diets. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS using the MIXED procedure with horse within diet as a random effect with significance of P ≤ 0.05. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity was unaffected by diet (P = 0.827) or age (P = 0.347). Time (P = 0.006) was significant for TBARS which increased postprandial regardless of treatment or age. Consistent with other species, higher levels of OS was found in SR compared to MA regardless of time or diet (P = 0.037; 4.491 µM vs. 3.412 µM TBARS, respectively). These results indicate that scFOS do not seem to be effective in reducing OS in SR and MA horses.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial studies of Lannea egregia Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiaceae) extracts and chromatographic fractions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-363
Author(s):  
Philip A. Idowu ◽  
Loveth C. Ekemezie ◽  
Charles O. Olaiya
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Different Parts

Screening ‘new’ medicinal plants of traditional importance for bioactive components is a sure way of discovering novel therapeutic agents to treat diseases. This study, therefore investigated the presence of phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial components of the extracts of Lannea egregia. Phytochemical screening was done by standard methods. Antibacterial activity of the extracts of Lannea egregia was determined by agar well diffusion method while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method. The antioxidant capacity of the crude extracts was determined through the evaluation of total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, ferric reducing power, total antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl. The phytochemical screening of the different parts of this plant revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, emodins, phlobatannins, anthocyanins, coumarins and phenolics. Phlobatannins was observed to be absent in the stem bark. The crude extracts obtained from the leaves, stem bark and roots of this plant exhibited good antibacterial activity against typed strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The diameter of the zone of inhibition ranged from 9.0 to 26.0 mm at 100 mg/mL for all the plant parts. The ethyl acetate leaf extract of this plant possessed the highest antibacterial activity with MIC and MBC values of the range of (3.125 to ˃50 mg/mL) and (12.5 to ˃50 mg/mL) respectively. The zone inhibition of the chromatographic fractions of both plants ranged 15-23 mm. Antioxidant study of the extracts of the leaf of L. egregia revealed that the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts have good antioxidant potentials comparable to that of ascorbic acid control. This study has revealed that the extracts from different parts of L. egregia possess good antibacterial and antioxidant activities which could be a function of the various phytochemicals detected in the plant. Keywords: Lannea egregia, Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Column chromatography.

scholarly journals Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni Decreases Tert-butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Oxidative Stress Damage in BRL-3A Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Dongmei Hu ◽  
Jing Hou ◽  
Shushu Li ◽  
Weiping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Glutamate Cysteine Ligase ◽  
Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Hemerocallis Citrina ◽  
Stress Damage

The main purposes of this study were to screen the antioxidant activities of various fractions of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni and test their hepatoprotective effects in vitro. Antioxidant assays (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and reducing power experiments) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide- (t-BHP-) induced BRL-3A oxidative damage experiments were performed in vitro. The H. citrina ethyl acetate fraction (HCEA) was determined to have strong antioxidant activity because of its high flavonoid and polyphenol content. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography- (UPLC-) photodiode array (PDA)/mass spectrometry (MS) analysis showed that the main components of the HCEA were flavonoids and caffeic acid derivatives. A total of 17 compounds were identified. HCEA also effectively protected the liver against t-BHP-induced oxidative stress injury and significantly reduced reactive oxygen (ROS) accumulation. Moreover, HCEA significantly reduced levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Further studies have shown that HCEA inhibits t-BHP-induced apoptosis by increasing B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) activity and decreasing caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity. Moreover, HCEA enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and increased the antioxidant level of glutathione (GSH) in BRL-3A cells. HCEA increased the antioxidant capacity of cells by increasing the gene expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), P38, nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2), SOD, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which are associated with antioxidant pathways to protect against oxidative stress. In conclusion, HCEA protected BRL-3A cells against t-BHP-induced oxidative stress damage via antioxidant and antiapoptosis pathways. Therefore, H. citrina Baroni may serve as a potential hepatoprotective drug.

scholarly journals Croton argenteus preparation inhibits initial growth, mitochondrial respiration and increase the oxidative stress from Senna occidentalis seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 753-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATLIN S. RECH ◽  
CRISTIANE B. SILVA ◽  
JULIANA D. KULIK ◽  
JOSIANE F.G. DIAS ◽  
SANDRA M.W. ZANIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase

Senna ocidentalis is a weed, native to Brazil, considered to infest crops and plantations, and is responsible for yield losses of several crops, particularly soybean. The aim of this work was to evaluate if theCroton argenteus extract and fractions possess phytotoxic activity on S. ocidentalis. The crude ethanolic extract (CEE) and its hexanic (HF), chloroformic (CLF) and ethyl acetate (EAF) fractions were tested in germination, growth, oxidative stress increase, Adenosine triphosphate, L-malate and succinate synthesis. The crude extract and its fractions slowed down the germination of S. ocidentalis and decreased the final percentage of germination. Oxidative stress was also increased in the seedlings, by an increase of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and lipid peroxidation; and it became clear that the ethyl acetate fraction was more phytotoxic. The results indicate that the crude extract and fractions of C. argenteus compromise the mitochondrial energy metabolism, by the inhibition of mitochondrial ATP production, with a decrease in the production of L-malate and succinate. The ethyl acetate fraction of C. argenteus showed high activity on germination and growth, and these effects take place by means of mitochondrial metabolism alterations and increase the oxidative stress, leading the seedling death.

scholarly journals Influence of lycopene and vitamin C from tomato juice on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Jacob ◽  
María J. Periago ◽  
Volker Böhm ◽  
Gaspar Ros Berruezo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lipid Status ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

A human study was carried out to investigate whether tomato juice, rich in natural lycopene and fortified with vitamin C, is able to reduce several biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation and whether the effect can be attributed to lycopene, vitamin C or any other micronutrient. Following a 2-week depletion phase, volunteers were assigned randomly to ingest either tomato juice with (LC) or without (L) vitamin C fortification for 2 weeks (daily dose 20·6 mg lycopene and 45·5/435 mg vitamin C). Plasma and urine were analysed for carotenoids and vitamin C, lipid status, antioxidant capacity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 8-epi-PGF2α, protein carbonyls, cytokines IL-1β and TNFα and C-reactive protein (CRP). The consumption of tomato juice led to a reduction in total cholesterol levels (L: 157·6v. 153·2 mg/dl,P = 0·008; LC: 153·4v. 147·4 mg/dl,P = 0·002) and that of CRP (L: 315·6v. 262·3 μg/l,P = 0·017; LC: 319·2v. 247·1 μg/l,P = 0·001) in both groups. The vitamin C-fortified juice slightly raised the antioxidant capacity in urine and decreased TBARS in plasma and urine. All other markers were affected to a lesser extent or remained unchanged. Cholesterol reduction was correlated with lycopene uptake (P = 0·003), whereas the other effects could not be related with particular micronutrients. Any beneficial effects of tomato consumption for human health cannot be attributed only to lycopene and, as the additional supplementation with ascorbic acid indicates, a variety of antioxidants might be needed to optimize protection against chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Flavonoids from aerial part of Algerian Ajuga iva (L.) schreb.: The HPLC-UV analysis and Antioxidant capacity

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Fadhela Boukada ◽  
Boumediene Meddah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

The study deals with the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of extracts from the aerial part of Algerian Ajuga iva. Extraction of flavonoids was carried out by 85% of methanol, then the crude extract was successively separated with ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, reducing power, and thiobarbituric acid reacting substances assays. Extracts are subject to HPLC-UV analysis. The average total phenol contents of extracts vary between 3.87 ± 0.17 and 149.74 ± 3.94 (gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry extract). Furthermore, tested extracts exhibited a broad range of flavonoid contents varying from 1.54 ± 0.09 to 41.18 ± 1.03 (catechin equivalent per gram of dry extract). Butanol and ethyl acetate fractions displayed the highest antioxidant activity. A good correlation between the phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant activity was observed. Rutin, caffeic acid, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, luteolin, and cinnamic acid were present in the extracts. The plant could be a potential source of antioxidant agents.

scholarly journals Cardioprotective Effect of Croton macrostachyus Stem Bark Extract and Solvent Fractions on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muluken Altaye Ayza ◽  
Rajkapoor Balasubramanian ◽  
Abera Hadgu Berhe
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Croton Macrostachyus ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Context. Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile (Euphorbiaceae) has been used in traditional medicine to manage heart failure and other heart diseases in Ethiopia. Objective. To evaluate the antioxidant and cardioprotective activities of stem bark extract and solvent fractions of Croton macrostachyus on cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods. DPPH free radical scavenging assay method was used to determine antioxidant activity whereas Sprague-Dawley rats were used to evaluate the cardioprotective activity. Except for the normal control, all groups were subjected to cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg, i.p.) toxicity on the first day. Enalapril at 10 mg/kg was used as a reference. The hydromethanolic crude extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions (100 and 200 mg/kg, each) were administered for 10 days. The cardioprotective activities were evaluated using cardiac biomarkers such as Troponin I, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and histopathological studies of heart tissue. Results. Crude extract and ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions exhibited free radical scavenging activities at IC50 of 594 μg/mL, 419 μg/mL, and 716 μg/mL, respectively. Crude extract at 400 mg/kg decreased the levels of troponin, AST, ALT, and ALP to 0.29 ± 0.06 ng/mL, 103.00 ± 7.63 U/L, 99.80 ± 6.18 U/L, and 108.80 ± 8.81 U/L, respectively. In addition, ethyl acetate fraction at 200 mg/kg decreased the levels of troponin, AST, ALT, and ALP to 0.22 ± 0.02 ng/mL, 137.00 ± 14.30 U/L, 90.33 ± 6.13 U/L, and 166.67 ± 13.50 U/L, respectively, compared with the cyclophosphamide control group. Conclusions. Croton macrostachyus possesses cardioprotective activities and it could be a possible source of treatment for cardiotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide.

scholarly journals Detection of flavonoids in Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. leaves using high-performance liquid chromatography

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P. Victório ◽  
R.M. Kuster ◽  
C.L.S. Lage
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Alpinia Purpurata ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The species Alpinia purpurata is scarcely cited as to ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry. This study aimed to analyze bioactive compounds through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hydroalcoholic crude extract was obtained from A. purpurata dried leaves. Folin-Ciocalteau method was used to quantify total phenols, using gallic acid as standard. The obtained result was 15.6 mg GAE g-1. The crude extract was partitioned with the solvents ethyl acetate and butanol, followed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and HPLC. The flavonoids kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide and rutin were detected at a higher concentration in ethyl acetate and butanolic extracts. The butanolic extract contains the highest flavonoid percentage (94.3%). A. purpurata presents important flavonoids of therapeutic use, already verified for A. zerumbet. This is the first study verifying the presence of flavonoids in A. purpurata extracts.

scholarly journals TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND FLAVONE BIOACTIVITY OF PEANUT HULLS AS ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIPROLIFERATION TOWARD HELA CANCER CELLS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Aika Latifah Alawiyah ◽  
Suminar Setiati Achmadi ◽  
Gustini Syahbirin
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Peanut Hulls

Objective: This study aimed to determine the total phenolic content, correlation of it with antioxidant capacity, and peanut hulls as an antiproliferationon Henrietta Lacks (HeLa) cancer cells, which Indonesia has a serious problem in term of cervix cancer.Methods: Peanut hulls were extracted by Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound vibration, and reflux boiling to obtain the best extraction method. The totalphenolic content of the ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction was determined using Folin–Ciocalteu method. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to evaluated an antioxidant capacity of both samples. Identification of the isolated flavone was done by ultraviolet spectra and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. Inhibition of proliferation of HeLa cancer cells was tested for the purified fraction using 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazole-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Results: The results of total phenolic content determination giving 262 (ethanol extract) and 532 (ethyl acetate fraction) mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract, respectively. DPPH assay resulted antioxidant capacity with value of inhibitory concentration 50% (IC) was 36.36 (ethanol extract) and 18.68 (ethyl acetate fraction) µg/mL, respectively. Identification of isolated flavone resulted an apigenin and indicated moderate potency in inhibiting the proliferation of HeLa cancer cells with IC 50 value of 34 µg/mL. 50Conclusions: There was a correlation between the total phenolics with antioxidant capacity of the peanut hulls. The isolated flavone is predominated by apigenin. This isolated compound is potential as antioxidant and inhibiting the proliferation of HeLa cancer cells moderately.Keywords: Peanut hulls, Total phenolic, Antioxidant capacity, Flavone, Apigenin, Henrietta Lacks cancer cells.

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