scholarly journals Proteomic Profile of Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean under Combined Herbicide and Drought Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2381
Author(s):  
Rafael Fonseca Benevenuto ◽  
Caroline Bedin Zanatta ◽  
Miguel Pedro Guerra ◽  
Rubens Onofre Nodari ◽  
Sarah Z. Agapito-Tenfen
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Gm Plants ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Gm Soybean

While some genetically modified (GM) plants have been targeted to confer tolerance to abiotic stressors, transgenes are impacted by abiotic stressors, causing adverse effects on plant physiology and yield. However, routine safety analyses do not assess the response of GM plants under different environmental stress conditions. In the context of climate change, the combination of abiotic stressors is a reality in agroecosystems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the metabolic cost by assessing the proteomic profiles of GM soybean varieties under glyphosate spraying and water deficit conditions compared to their non-transgenic conventional counterparts. We found evidence of cumulative adverse effects that resulted in the reduction of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, along with the expression of amino acids and nitrogen metabolic enzymes. Ribosomal metabolism was significantly enriched, particularly the protein families associated with ribosomal complexes L5 and L18. The interaction network map showed that the affected module representing the ribosome pathway interacts strongly with other important proteins, such as the chloro-plastic gamma ATP synthase subunit. Combined, these findings provide clear evidence for increasing the metabolic costs of GM soybean plants in response to the accumulation of stress factors. First, alterations in the ribosome pathway indicate that the GM plant itself carries a metabolic burden associated with the biosynthesis of proteins as effects of genetic transformation. GM plants also showed an imbalance in energy demand and production under controlled conditions, which was increased under drought conditions. Identifying the consequences of altered metabolism related to the interaction between plant transgene stress responses allows us to understand the possible effects on the ecology and evolution of plants in the medium and long term and the potential interactions with other organisms when these organisms are released in the environment.

scholarly journals Identification of Genes Associated with Nitrogen Stress Responses in Apple Leaves

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2649
Author(s):  
Youngsuk Lee ◽  
Van Giap Do ◽  
Seonae Kim ◽  
Hunjoong Kweon
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Molecular Signals ◽  
Functional Analyses

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient that regulates diverse physiological processes for plant survival and development. In apple orchards, inappropriate N conditions can cause imbalanced growth and subsequent physiological disorders in trees. In order to investigate the molecular basis underlying the physiological signals for N stress responses, we examined the metabolic signals responsive to contrasting N stress conditions (deficient/excessive) in apple leaves using transcriptome approaches. The clustering of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed the expression dynamics of genes associated with each N stress group. Functional analyses of gene ontology and pathway enrichments revealed the potential candidates of metabolic signals responsible for N-deficient/excessive stress responses. The functional interactions of DEGs in each cluster were further explored by protein–protein interaction network analysis. Our results provided a comprehensive insight into molecular signals responsive to N stress conditions, and will be useful in future research to enhance the nutrition tolerance of tree crops.

scholarly journals Some like it hot: population-specific adaptations in venom production to abiotic stressors in a widely distributed cnidarian

BMC Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Y. Sachkova ◽  
Jason Macrander ◽  
Joachim M. Surm ◽  
Reuven Aharoni ◽  
Shelcie S. Menard-Harvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Nematostella Vectensis ◽  
Latitudinal Cline ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

Abstract Background In cnidarians, antagonistic interactions with predators and prey are mediated by their venom, whose synthesis may be metabolically expensive. The potentially high cost of venom production has been hypothesized to drive population-specific variation in venom expression due to differences in abiotic conditions. However, the effects of environmental factors on venom production have been rarely demonstrated in animals. Here, we explore the impact of specific abiotic stresses on venom production of distinct populations of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis (Actiniaria, Cnidaria) inhabiting estuaries over a broad geographic range where environmental conditions such as temperatures and salinity vary widely. Results We challenged Nematostella polyps with heat, salinity, UV light stressors, and a combination of all three factors to determine how abiotic stressors impact toxin expression for individuals collected across this species’ range. Transcriptomics and proteomics revealed that the highly abundant toxin Nv1 was the most downregulated gene under heat stress conditions in multiple populations. Physiological measurements demonstrated that venom is metabolically costly to produce. Strikingly, under a range of abiotic stressors, individuals from different geographic locations along this latitudinal cline modulate differently their venom production levels. Conclusions We demonstrate that abiotic stress results in venom regulation in Nematostella. Together with anecdotal observations from other cnidarian species, our results suggest this might be a universal phenomenon in Cnidaria. The decrease in venom production under stress conditions across species coupled with the evidence for its high metabolic cost in Nematostella suggests downregulation of venom production under certain conditions may be highly advantageous and adaptive. Furthermore, our results point towards local adaptation of this mechanism in Nematostella populations along a latitudinal cline, possibly resulting from distinct genetics and significant environmental differences between their habitats.

scholarly journals Quinoa Abiotic Stress Responses: A Review

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Hinojosa ◽  
Juan González ◽  
Felipe Barrios-Masias ◽  
Francisco Fuentes ◽  
Kevin Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Abiotic Stressors

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a genetically diverse Andean crop that has earned special attention worldwide due to its nutritional and health benefits and its ability to adapt to contrasting environments, including nutrient-poor and saline soils and drought stressed marginal agroecosystems. Drought and salinity are the abiotic stresses most studied in quinoa; however, studies of other important stress factors, such as heat, cold, heavy metals, and UV-B light irradiance, are severely limited. In the last few decades, the incidence of abiotic stress has been accentuated by the increase in unpredictable weather patterns. Furthermore, stresses habitually occur as combinations of two or more. The goals of this review are to: (1) provide an in-depth description of the existing knowledge of quinoa’s tolerance to different abiotic stressors; (2) summarize quinoa’s physiological responses to these stressors; and (3) describe novel advances in molecular tools that can aid our understanding of the mechanisms underlying quinoa’s abiotic stress tolerance.

Strategies to Protect Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Culture-Induced Stress Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Aerts-Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Induced Stress

: In contrast to their almost unlimited potential for expansion in vivo and despite years of dedicated research and optimization of expansion protocols, the expansion of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) in vitro remains remarkably limited. Increased understanding of the mechanisms that are involved in maintenance, expansion and differentiation of HSCs will enable the development of better protocols for expansion of HSCs. This will allow procurement of HSCs with long-term engraftment potential and a better understanding of the effects of the external influences in and on the hematopoietic niche that may affect HSC function. During collection and culture of HSCs, the cells are exposed to suboptimal conditions that may induce different levels of stress and ultimately affect their self-renewal, differentiation and long-term engraftment potential. Some of these stress factors include normoxia, oxidative stress, extra-physiologic oxygen shock/stress (EPHOSS), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, replicative stress, and stress related to DNA damage. Coping with these stress factors may help reduce the negative effects of cell culture on HSC potential, provide a better understanding of the true impact of certain treatments in the absence of confounding stress factors. This may facilitate the development of better ex vivo expansion protocols of HSCs with long-term engraftment potential without induction of stem cell exhaustion by cellular senescence or loss of cell viability. This review summarizes some of available strategies that may be used to protect HSCs from culture-induced stress conditions.

scholarly journals Jute Responses and Tolerance to Abiotic Stress: Mechanisms and Approaches

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
Naznin Ahmed ◽  
Md. Rakib Hossain Raihan ◽  
Farzana Nowroz ◽  
Faria Jannat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Hot And Humid Climates ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cold Metal

Jute (Corchorus spp.) belongs to the Malvaceae family, and there are two species of jute, C. capsularis and C. olitorious. It is the second-largest natural bast fiber in the world according to production, which has diverse uses not only as a fiber but also as multiple industrial materials. Because of climate change, plants experience various stressors such as salt, drought, heat, cold, metal/metalloid toxicity, and flooding. Although jute is particularly adapted to grow in hot and humid climates, it is grown under a wide variety of climatic conditions and is relatively tolerant to some environmental adversities. However, abiotic stress often restricts its growth, yield, and quality significantly. Abiotic stress negatively affects the metabolic activities, growth, physiology, and fiber yield of jute. One of the major consequences of abiotic stress on the jute plant is the generation of reactive oxygen species, which lead to oxidative stress that damages its cellular organelles and biomolecules. However, jute’s responses to abiotic stress mainly depend on the plant’s age and type and duration of stress. Therefore, understanding the abiotic stress responses and the tolerance mechanism would help plant biologists and agronomists in developing climate-smart jute varieties and suitable cultivation packages for adverse environmental conditions. In this review, we summarized the best possible recent literature on the plant abiotic stress factors and their influence on jute plants. We described the possible approaches for stress tolerance mechanisms based on the available literature.

scholarly journals Development of an Improved Carotenoid Extraction Method to Characterize the Carotenoid Composition under Oxidative Stress and Cold Temperature in the Rock Inhabiting Fungus Knufia petricola A95

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Flieger ◽  
Nicole Knabe ◽  
Jörg Toepel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Black Yeast ◽  
Black Yeasts ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Promising Source

Black yeasts are a highly specified group of fungi, which are characterized by a high resistance against stress factors. There are several factors enabling the cells to survive harsh environmental conditions. One aspect is the pigmentation, the melanin black yeasts often display a highly diverse carotenoid spectrum. Determination and characterization of carotenoids depend on an efficient extraction and separation, especially for black yeast, which is characterized by thick cell walls. Therefore, specific protocols are needed to ensure reliable analyses regarding stress responses in these fungi. Here we present both. First, we present a method to extract and analyze carotenoids and secondly we present the unusual carotenoid composition of the black yeast Knufia petricola A95. Mechanical treatment combined with an acetonitrile extraction gave us very good extraction rates with a high reproducibility. The presented extraction and elution protocol separates the main carotenoids (7) in K. petricola A95 and can be extended for the detection of additional carotenoids in other species. K. petricola A95 displays an unusual carotenoid composition, with mainly didehydrolycopene, torulene, and lycopene. The pigment composition varied in dependency to oxidative stress but remained relatively constant if the cells were cultivated under low temperature. Future experiments have to be carried out to determine if didehydrolycopene functions as a protective agent itself or if it serves as a precursor for antioxidative pigments like torulene and torularhodin, which could be produced after induction under stress conditions. Black yeasts are a promising source for carotenoid production and other substances. To unravel the potential of these fungi, new methods and studies are needed. The established protocol allows the determination of carotenoid composition in black yeasts.

scholarly journals Knockdown of 60S Ribosomal Protein L14-2 Reveals Their Potential Regulatory Roles in Enhancing Drought and Salt Tolerance in Cotton

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret shiraku ◽  
Richard Odongo Magwanga ◽  
Xiaoyan Cai ◽  
Joy Nyangasi Kirungu ◽  
Yanchao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Drought And Salt Tolerance ◽  
Drought And Salt Stresses ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Abstract BackgroundCotton is an important economic crop and the primary source of natural fiber. The effects of drought and salt stresses threaten strong fiber and large quantity production. However, due to the ever-changing climatic conditions, plants have evolved various mechanisms to cope with the effects of various stress factors. One of the plant's transcription factors with positive effects in alleviating effects of drought and salt stresses is the Ribosomal protein Large (RPL) gene families. This has prompted the functional characterization of the RPL14B gene previously identified in the QTL region as a candidate gene that responds to stress and initiates mechanisms that enhance stress tolerance. ResultsComprehensive identification and functional analysis were conducted in this study, in which 26, 8, and 5 proteins containing the RPL14B domain were identified in G. hirsutum, G. raimondii, and G. arboreum, respectively. Moreover, Cis-regulatory elements associated with the RPL genes were identified. The Myb binding sites (MBS), Myb, Abscisic acid-responsive element (ABRE), CAAT-box, TATA box, TGACG-motif, and CGTCA-motif responsive to Meja, and TCA- motif responsive to salicylic acid were identified. Validation of the candidate gene through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) revealed that the Gh_D01G0234 (RPL14B) knockdown significantly affected the cotton seedling's performance under drought/ salt stress conditions as evidenced by a significant reduction in various morphological and physiological traits. Moreover, antioxidant enzyme levels were significantly reduced in VIGS-plants, with substantially higher oxidant enzyme levels, as evidenced by the higher concentration level of Malondialdehyde (MDA). ConclusionThe results revealed the potential role of the gene, and it can be further exploited to breed climate-smart cotton varieties resilient to drought and salt stress conditions

scholarly journals G9a/GLP methyltransferases inhibit autophagy by methylation-mediated ATG12 protein degradation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Hoon Kim ◽  
Kyung-Tae Park ◽  
Sang-Hun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
Molecular Rheostat ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Lysine Methyltransferase ◽  
Cellular Stress Responses

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have shown that G9a, a lysine methyltransferase, inhibits autophagy by repressing the transcription of autophagy genes. Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism whereby G9a/GLP inhibit autophagy through post-translational modification of ATG12, a protein critical for the initiation of autophagosome formation. Under non-stress conditions, G9a/GLP directly methylate ATG12. The methylated ATG12 undergoes ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, thereby inhibiting autophagy induction. By contrast, under stress conditions that elevate intracellular Ca2+ levels, the activated calpain system cleaves the G9a/GLP proteins, leading to G9a/GLP protein degradation. The reduced G9a/GLP levels allow ATG12 to accumulate and form the ATG12-ATG5 conjugate, thus expediting autophagy initiation. Collectively, our findings reveal a distinct signaling pathway that links cellular stress responses involving Ca2+/calpain to G9a/GLP-mediated autophagy regulation. Moreover, our model proposes that the methylation status of ATG12 is a molecular rheostat that controls autophagy induction.

scholarly journals Proteomic Analysis of Cold Stress Responses in Banana Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-jun Feng ◽  
Li-li Zhang ◽  
Jing-yi Wang ◽  
Jin-mei Luo ◽  
Ming Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cold Temperatures

Cold stress is one of the most important environmental factors affecting crop growth and agricultural production. Induced changes of gene expression and metabolism are critical for plants responding and acclimating to cold stress. Banana (Musa sp.) is one of the most important food crops in the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. Banana, which originated from tropical regions, is sensitive to cold, which can result in serious losses in commercial banana production. To investigate the response of the banana to cold stress conditions, changes in protein expression were analyzed using a comparative proteomics approach. ‘Brazil’ banana (Musa acuminata AAA group) is a common banana cultivar in southern China. ‘Brazil’ banana plantlets were exposed to 5 °C for 24 hours and then total crude protein was extracted from treatment and control leaves by phenol extraction, separated with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and subsequently identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Out of the more than 400 protein spots reproducibly detected, only 41 protein spots exhibited a change in intensity by at least 2-fold, with 26 proteins increasing and 15 proteins decreasing expression. Of these, 28 differentially expressed proteins were identified by MS. The identified proteins, including well-known and novel cold-responsive proteins, are involved in several cellular processes, including antioxidation and antipathogen, photosynthesis, chaperones, protein synthesis, signal transduction, energy metabolism, and other cellular functions. Proteins related to antioxidation, pathogen resistance, molecular chaperones, and energy metabolism were up-regulated, and proteins related to ethylene synthesis, protein synthesis, and epigenetic modification were down-regulated in response to cold temperature treatment. The banana plantlets incubated at cold temperatures demonstrated major changes in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, defense against diseases, and energy supply. Increased antioxidation capability in banana was also discovered in plantain, which has greater cold tolerance than banana in response to cold stress conditions. Therefore, we hypothesized that an increased antioxidation ability could be a common characteristic of banana and plantain in response to cold stress conditions. These findings may provide a better understanding of the physiological processes of banana in response to cold stress conditions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Genetically Modified Food on Infertility Indices: A Systematic Review Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Keshani ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Sharifi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Heydari ◽  
Hassan Joulaei
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Gm Crops ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gm Crop ◽  
Gm Plants ◽  
Sperm Abnormality

Background and Objectives. With the increase in the growth of genetically modified (GM) crops, concerns as to the adverse effects of GM crops have risen in the community. The present systematic review seeks to assess the GM plants’ potential impacts on the sperm parameters, including sperm head, sperm motility, sperm abnormality, and fertility index. Materials and Methods. A structured literature search was independently performed by three authors on Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase in January 2019. A total of 1467 publications were obtained by the search strategy after eliminating the duplicates. Moreover, the review only included articles written in English language. Other pertinent peer-reviewed publications were chosen (“snowballing”) from the reference lists in the selected publications. To assess the GM crop effects on infertility, experimental studies designed with the control group were selected. On the basis of abstract screening and full-text reviewing, 39 relevant publications were selected, seven of which were used in our review. To access the quality of articles, we used the Cochrane checklist. The collected articles were scored independently by three authors, and the publications with the eligibility criteria were included in our review. No article was excluded due to quality assessment. Results and Conclusion. Our findings indicated that GM products had no adverse effects on infertility indices such as the sperm head, sperm motility, sperm abnormality, and fertility indices. Long-term research still seems to be strongly necessary to ensure that the use of GM plants does not cause any harm to consumers, especially in infertility area.

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