scholarly journals Melatonin Regulatory Mechanisms and Phylogenetic Analyses of Melatonin Biosynthesis Related Genes Extracted from Peanut under Salinity Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelaleim I. ElSayed ◽  
Moncef Boulila ◽  
Mohammed S. Rafudeen ◽  
Azza H. Mohamed ◽  
Sonali Sengupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Tryptophan Decarboxylase ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Stress Damage

Melatonin improves the tolerance of plants to various environmental stresses by protecting plant cells against oxidative stress damage. The objective of the current study was to determine whether exogenous melatonin (MT) treatments could help protecting peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seedlings against salinity stress. This was achieved by investigating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems and the expression of melatonin biosynthesis related genes in response to salinity stress with or without exogenous MT. The results showed a significant increase in the concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in peanut seedlings under salinity stress. The exogenous application of melatonin decreased the levels of ROS through the activation of antioxidant enzymes in peanut seedlings under salinity stress. Transcription levels of melatonin biosynthesis related genes such as N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT1, ASMT2, ASMT3), tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), and tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H) were up-regulated with a 150 µM melatonin treatment under salinity stress. The results indicated that melatonin regulated the redox homeostasis by its ability to induce either enzymatic or non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of melatonin biosynthesis genes (ASMT1, ASMT2, ASMT3, TDC, T5H) were performed on a total of 56 sequences belonging to various plant species including five new sequences extracted from Arachis hypogaea (A. hypogaea). This was based on pairwise comparison among aligned nucleotides and predicted amino acids as well as on substitution rates, and phylogenetic inference. The analyzed sequences were heterogeneous and the A. hypogaea accessions were primarily closest to those of Manihot esculenta, but this needs further clarification.

Contribution of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Salinity Resistance of Citrus Roots (Citrus, Sp)

Nabatia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Palupi N.P
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Ros Formation ◽  
Salinity Resistance

Abiotic stress conditions with high salinity cause a decrease in plant growth and production in citrus plants. The application of mycorrhizal fungi with various species is expected to be able to overcome this problem to improve plant root conditions. The results showed that the application of mycorrhizal fungi was able to improve roots so as to increase nutrient absorption, be able to maintain plant conditions under salinity stress gradually, and be able to increase the capacity of higher seedlings to control ROS formation and to activate enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses.

scholarly journals Identification of genes associated with productivity traits and salinity tolerance from activation tagged lines of rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kota Vamsee Raja ◽  
Kalva Madhanasekhar ◽  
Vudem Dashavantha Reddy ◽  
Attipalli Ramachandra Reddy ◽  
Khareedu Venkateswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Effective Antioxidant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

AbstractWorld-wide crop productivity is hugely impacted by diverse eco-environmental conditions. In the present investigation, activation tagged (AT) lines of rice endowed with improved agronomic attributes have been analyzed for tolerance to salinity stress besides identification of genes associated with these attributes. Under salinity stress conditions, AT lines exhibited increased seed germination rates, improved plant growth and development at vegetative and reproductive stages as compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Furthermore, AT lines disclosed enhanced plant water content, photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency and maximum quantum yield when compared to WT plants, leading to improved yields and delayed onset of stress symptoms. Moreover, AT lines revealed effective antioxidant systems causing decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and delayed salinity stress symptoms compared to WT plants. Reduced accumulation of malondialdehyde with concomitant increases in proline and soluble sugars of AT lines further endorsing their improved stress tolerance levels. TAIL and qRT-PCR analyses of AT lines revealed Ds element integrations at different loci and respective overexpression of identified candidate genes involved in various aspects of plant development and stress tolerance. Accordingly, the AT lines plausibly serve as a rare genetic resource for fortifying stress tolerance and productivity traits of elite rice cultivars.HighlightActivation tagged lines of rice endowed with improved agronomic attributes have been analyzed for tolerance to salinity stress besides identification and expression analysis of genes associated with these attributes.

scholarly journals Links between exercise/nutrition and antioxidants - protective effects on immune/respiratory systems as defense against viral infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (36) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Kharbat ◽  
Stephen Rossettie ◽  
Mimi Zumwalt
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Optimal Dosing ◽  
Open Window ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects

This paper discusses factors involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology, with a focus on nutrition, exercise, enzymatic antioxidant systems, and the interplay between immune tolerance and resistance. Of all the supplements, zinc has the most evidence for effectiveness against viruses. However, these data were based primarily on studies measuring duration of the common cold rather than on COVID-19, and optimal dosing remains unclear. Exercise has been shown to have protective tolerogenic effects against viral infection due to the impact of extracellular superoxide dismutases (EC-SODs). Exercise may have a combination of beneficial and harmful effects on outright resistance to viruses in the short term, but taken as a whole it likely has a net protective effect on the immune system. The evidence is examined through the lens of the open window theory and a thorough investigation of the relationship between EC-SODs and exercise/diet. By better understanding the host-virus relationship, clinicians and researchers alike can collaborate to establish guiding principles regarding the steps that individuals can take to protect against some of the deleterious effects of viral infections. More research in this area is needed to understand the relationships among exercise, nutrition, and viral disease. Keywords: COVID-19, SARS CoV-2, nutrition, zinc, EC-SODs, superoxide dismutase, exercise, enzymatic antioxidant/immune systems

Responses of Arachis hypogaea (Pea nut) to Salinity Stress

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. HAJAR ◽  
M. HEIKAL ◽  
Y. MAGHRABI ◽  
R. ABUZINADAH
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Salinity Stress

Compatible solutes improve regrowth, ameliorate enzymatic antioxidant systems, and reduce lipid peroxidation of cryopreserved Hancornia speciosa Gomes lateral buds

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora de Oliveira Prudente ◽  
Renato Paiva ◽  
Fernanda Carlota Nery ◽  
Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira Paiva ◽  
José Donizeti Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa

Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems of minimally processed cactus stems (Opuntia ficus-indicaMill.) packaged under modified atmospheres

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2603-2612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa I. Ventura-Aguilar ◽  
Fernando Rivera-Cabrera ◽  
Daniel Méndez-Iturbide ◽  
Clara Pelayo-Zaldívar ◽  
Elsa Bosquez-Molina
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Modified Atmospheres

scholarly journals Biodegradable MoSe 2 @polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanoparticles With Multi-enzyme Activity for Ameliorating Acute Pancreatitis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Xie ◽  
liying Zhang ◽  
Hui Shen ◽  
Hang Wu ◽  
Jiulong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Apoptosis Detection ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Abstract Exogenous antioxidant materials mimicking endogenous antioxidant systems are commonly used for the treatment of oxidative stress-induced injuries. Thus, artificial enzymes have emerged as promising candidates for balancing and treating the dysregulation of redox homeostasis in vivo. Herein, a one-pot hydrothermal strategy for the facile preparation of MoSe2@polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanoparticles (NPs) is reported. The synthesized NPs were biodegradable due to their exposure to oxygen and exhibited high stability. Moreover, they effectively mimicked various naturally occurring enzymes (including catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase) and scavenged free radicals, such as 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ·OH, ·O2−, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. Further apoptosis detection studies revealed that MoSe2@PVP NPs significantly increased the cell survival probability in H2O2 in a concentration-dependent manner. The cytoprotective effect of MoSe2@PVP NPs was explored for an animal model of acute pancreatitis, which confirmed its remarkable therapeutic efficacy. Owing to the biodegradable and biocompatible nature of MoSe2@PVP NPs, the findings of this work can stimulate the development of other artificial nanoenzymes for antioxidant therapies.

scholarly journals Lipid Catabolism and ROS in Cancer: A Bidirectional Liaison

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5484
Author(s):  
Serena Castelli ◽  
Pamela De De Falco ◽  
Fabio Ciccarone ◽  
Enrico Desideri ◽  
Maria Rosa Ciriolo
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Lipid Catabolism

Although cancer cell metabolism was mainly considered to rely on glycolysis, with the concomitant impairment of mitochondrial metabolism, it has recently been demonstrated that several tumor types are sustained by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In this context, endogenous fatty acids (FAs) deriving from lipolysis or lipophagy are oxidised into the mitochondrion, and are used as a source of energy through OXPHOS. Because the electron transport chain is the main source of ROS, cancer cells relying on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) need to be equipped with antioxidant systems that maintain the ROS levels under the death threshold. In those conditions, ROS can act as second messengers, favouring proliferation and survival. Herein, we highlight the different responses that tumor cells adopt when lipid catabolism is augmented, taking into account the different ROS fates. Many papers have demonstrated that the pro- or anti-tumoral roles of endogenous FA usage are hugely dependent on the tumor type, and on the capacity of cancer cells to maintain redox homeostasis. In light of this, clinical studies have taken advantage of the boosting of lipid catabolism to increase the efficacy of tumor therapy, whereas, in other contexts, antioxidant compounds are useful to reduce the pro-survival effects of ROS deriving from FAO.

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