scholarly journals LDPE/Bismuth Oxide Nanocomposite: Preparation, Characterization and Application in X-ray Shielding

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3081
Author(s):  
Saad Alshahri ◽  
Mohammed Alsuhybani ◽  
Eid Alosime ◽  
Mansour Almurayshid ◽  
Alhanouf Alrwais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Pure Lead ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Real Practice

Recently developed polymer-based composites could prove useful in many applications such as in radiation shielding. In this work, the potential of a bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanofiller based on an LDPE polymer was developed as lead-free X-ray radiation shielding offering the benefits of lightness, low-cost and non-toxic compared to pure lead. Three different LDPE-based composites were prepared with varying weight percentages of Bi2O3: 5%, 10% and 15%. The characterizations were extended to include structural properties, physical features, mechanical and thermal properties, and radiation shielding efficiency for the prepared nanocomposites. The results revealed that the incorporation of the Bi2O3 nanofiller into an LDPE improved the density of the composites. There was also a slight increase in the tensile strength and tensile modulus. In addition, there was a clear improvement in the efficiency of the shield when fillers were added to the LDPE polymer. The LDPE + Bi2O3 (15%) composite needed the lowest thickness to attenuate 50% of the incident X-rays. The LDPE + Bi2O3 (15%) polymer can also block around 80% of X-rays at 47.9 keV. In real practice, a thicker shield of the proposed composite materials, or a higher percentage of the filler could be employed to safely ensure the radiation is blocked.

scholarly journals X-ray Shielding, Mechanical, Physical, and Water Absorption Properties of Wood/PVC Composites Containing Bismuth Oxide

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2212
Author(s):  
Worawat Poltabtim ◽  
Ekachai Wimolmala ◽  
Teerasak Markpin ◽  
Narongrit Sombatsompop ◽  
Vichai Rosarpitak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Equivalent Thickness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Impact

The potential utilization of wood/polyvinyl chloride (WPVC) composites containing an X-ray protective filler, namely bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) particles, was investigated as novel, safe, and environmentally friendly X-ray shielding materials. The wood and Bi2O3 contents used in this work varied from 20 to 40 parts per hundred parts of PVC by weight (pph) and from 0 to 25, 50, 75, and 100 pph, respectively. The study considered X-ray shielding, mechanical, density, water absorption, and morphological properties. The results showed that the overall X-ray shielding parameters, namely the linear attenuation coefficient (µ), mass attenuation coefficient (µm), and lead equivalent thickness (Pbeq), of the WPVC composites increased with increasing Bi2O3 contents but slightly decreased at higher wood contents (40 pph). Furthermore, comparative Pbeq values between the wood/PVC composites and similar commercial X-ray shielding boards indicated that the recommended Bi2O3 contents for the 20 pph (40 ph) wood/PVC composites were 35, 85, and 40 pph (40, 100, and 45 pph) for the attenuation of 60, 100, and 150-kV X-rays, respectively. In addition, the increased Bi2O3 contents in the WPVC composites enhanced the Izod impact strength, hardness (Shore D), and density, but reduced water absorption. On the other hand, the increased wood contents increased the impact strength, hardness (Shore D), and water absorption but lowered the density of the composites. The overall results suggested that the developed WPVC composites had great potential to be used as effective X-ray shielding materials with Bi2O3 acting as a suitable X-ray protective filler.

scholarly journals A Novel X-Ray Radiation Sensor Based on Networked SnO2 Nanowires

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hun Kim ◽  
Ali Mirzaei ◽  
Hyoun Woo Kim ◽  
Hong Joo Kim ◽  
Phan Quoc Vuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Radiation Sensor ◽  
Sno2 Nanowires ◽  
Radiation Sensors

X-Ray radiation sensors that work at room temperature are in demand. In this study, a novel, low-cost real-time X-ray radiation sensor based on SnO2 nanowires (NWs) was designed and tested. Networked SnO2 NWs were produced via the vapor–liquid–solid technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were used to explore the crystallinity and morphology of synthesized SnO2 NWs. The fabricated sensor was exposed to X-rays (80 kV, 0.0–2.00 mA) and the leakage current variations were recorded at room temperature. The SnO2 NWs sensor showed a high and relatively linear response with respect to the X-ray intensity. The X-ray sensing results show the potential of networked SnO2 NWs as novel X-ray sensors.

scholarly journals X-ray shielding by a novel garment woven with melt-spun monofilament weft yarn containing lead and tin particles

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Mirzaei ◽  
Mohammad Zarrebini ◽  
Ahmad Shirani ◽  
Mohsen Shanbeh ◽  
Sedigheh Borhani
Keyword(s):  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Melt Spun ◽  
Polypropylene Monofilament ◽  
And Storage

Conventional lead aprons are rather heavy and uncomfortable for the wearer and also crack easily due to bending during both usage and storage. Coating of textiles with certain compounds provides protection against ionizing radiation. However, coated garments may have reduced flexibility and breathability. The principle aim of this study is development of a lightweight textile-based X-ray radiation shielding. The shielding fabric, while capable of significantly attenuating X-rays, relative to current conventional aprons is more intrinsically flexible, breathable, economical, easy to maintain, and crack resistant. Samples of fabrics were woven using melt-spun polypropylene monofilament yarns containing lead and tin particles. Shielding properties of the samples was measured using a high-purity germanium detector. Results showed that the samples composed of higher metal particles concentration and higher metal density and atomic number exhibited higher attenuation capability. Mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated. Furthermore, insignificant changes in the attenuation capability of samples due to abrasion and laundering processes occurred.

COMPOSITION AND OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTROCHEMICALLY-SYNTHESIZED GaAs NANOCRYSTALS

2004 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. NAYAK ◽  
S. VARMA ◽  
D. PARAMANIK ◽  
S. N. SAHU
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Shift ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Core ◽  
Infrared Luminescence ◽  
Binding Energy Shift

The synthesis of the GaAs nanoparticles, having sizes 7 nm to 15 nm, by a low cost electrochemical technique has been reported. The absence of any foreign impurity has been confirmed by the Proton-Induced X-rays Emission analysis. Rutherford Backscattering measurement has been performed in order to estimate the thickness of the nanoparticle-generated thin film as a function of the electrolysis current density. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic study confirms the formation of GaAs and exhibits the binding energy shift of the core shell electrons as an implication of the nanostructure effect. Very weak infrared luminescence due to the radiative recombination of the impurity bound exciton has been detected from yttrium-doped GaAs nanocrystals, even at room temperature.

scholarly journals Experimental and numerical study of ultra-short laser-produced collimated Cu Kα X-ray source

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rathore ◽  
V. Arora ◽  
H. Singhal ◽  
T. Mandal ◽  
J.A. Chakera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Intensity ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Short Laser Pulses

AbstractKα X-ray sources generated from the interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with solids are compact and low-cost source of ultra-short quasi-monochromatic X-rays compared with synchrotron radiation source. Development of collimated ultra-short Kα X-ray source by the interaction of 45 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulse with Cu wire target is presented in this paper. A study of the Kα source with laser parameters such as energy and pulse duration was carried out. The observed Kα X-ray photon flux was ~2.7 × 108 photons/shot at the laser intensity of ~2.8 × 1017 W cm−2. A model was developed to analyze the observed results. The Kα radiation was coupled to a polycapillary collimator to generate a collimated low divergence (0.8 mrad) X-ray beam. Such sources are useful for time-resolved X-ray diffraction and imaging studies.

SARS n-CoV2-19 detection from chest x-ray images using deep neural networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khalid Pandit ◽  
Shoaib Amin Banday
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Purpose Novel coronavirus is fast spreading pathogen worldwide and is threatening billions of lives. SARS n-CoV2 is known to affect the lungs of the COVID-19 positive patients. Chest x-rays are the most widely used imaging technique for clinical diagnosis due to fast imaging time and low cost. The purpose of this study is to use deep learning technique for automatic detection of COVID-19 using chest x-rays. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a data set containing confirmed COVID-19 positive, common bacterial pneumonia and healthy cases (no infection). A collection of 1,428 x-ray images is used in this study. The authors used a pre-trained VGG-16 model for the classification task. Transfer learning with fine-tuning was used in this study to effectively train the network on a relatively small chest x-ray data set. Initial experiments show that the model achieves promising results and can be greatly used to expedite COVID-19 detection. Findings The authors achieved an accuracy of 96% and 92.5% in two and three output class cases, respectively. Based on these findings, the medical community can access using x-ray images as possible diagnostic tool for faster COVID-19 detection to complement the already testing and diagnosis methods. Originality/value The proposed method can be used as initial screening which can help health-care professionals to better treat the COVID patients by timely detecting and screening the presence of disease.

Liquid Metal Based Stretchable Radiation-Shielding Film

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueguang Deng ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Metal Film ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lead Particle ◽  
Temperature Liquid ◽  
Shielding Material ◽  
Better Than

We reported a stretchable and flexible radiation-shielding film based on room-temperature liquid metal. Conceptual experiments showed that the liquid metal based printing technology can achieve an ultrathin flexible radiation-shielding film with a thickness of 0.3 mm. Moreover, the yield strength and ultimate strength of the liquid metal film appear much better than those of a conventional lead-particle-containing radiation-shielding material. In order to evaluate the radiation-shielding performance of the liquid metal material, X-ray radiation experiments to compare the liquid metal film and conventional lead-particle-based shielding material under different stretching conditions were performed. The results indicate that the liquid metal shielding film could achieve a certain radiation-shielding performance. Furthermore, because of the screen-printing properties of liquid metal, a low-cost X-ray mask method using a liquid metal selective radiation-shielding film was also studied, which could serve as a highly efficient and practical method for the medical X-ray shielding applications or semiconductor lithography industry.

scholarly journals IKONOS: An intelligent tool to support diagnosis of Covid-19 by texture analysis of x-ray images

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana C. Gomes ◽  
Valter A. de F. Barbosa ◽  
Maira A. Santana ◽  
Jonathan Bandeira ◽  
Mêuser Jorge Silva Valença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Vector Machines ◽  
Chest X Ray

AbstractIn late 2019, the SARS-Cov-2 spread worldwide. The virus has high rates of proliferation and causes severe respiratory symptoms, such as pneumonia. There is still no specific treatment and diagnosis for the disease. The standard diagnostic method for pneumonia is chest X-ray image. There are many advantages to using Covid-19 diagnostic X-rays: low cost, fast and widely available. We propose an intelligent system to support diagnosis by X-ray images. We tested Haralick and Zernike moments for feature extraction. Experiments with classic classifiers were done. Support vector machines stood out, reaching an average accuracy of 89.78%, average recall and sensitivity of 0.8979, and average precision and specificity of 0.8985 and 0.9963 respectively. The system is able to differentiate Covid-19 from viral and bacterial pneumonia, with low computational cost.

scholarly journals Recent Development in X-Ray Imaging Technology: Future and Challenges

Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Ou ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
Xianning Xu ◽  
Lili Xie ◽  
Xiaofeng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Imaging Performance

X-ray imaging is a low-cost, powerful technology that has been extensively used in medical diagnosis and industrial nondestructive inspection. The ability of X-rays to penetrate through the body presents great advances for noninvasive imaging of its internal structure. In particular, the technological importance of X-ray imaging has led to the rapid development of high-performance X-ray detectors and the associated imaging applications. Here, we present an overview of the recent development of X-ray imaging-related technologies since the discovery of X-rays in the 1890s and discuss the fundamental mechanism of diverse X-ray imaging instruments, as well as their advantages and disadvantages on X-ray imaging performance. We also highlight various applications of advanced X-ray imaging in a diversity of fields. We further discuss future research directions and challenges in developing advanced next-generation materials that are crucial to the fabrication of flexible, low-dose, high-resolution X-ray imaging detectors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document