scholarly journals Chitosan Functionalization: Covalent and Non-Covalent Interactions and Their Characterization

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4118
Author(s):  
Laura Nicolle ◽  
Céline M. A. Journot ◽  
Sandrine Gerber-Lemaire
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Covalent Modifications ◽  
Covalent Interactions

Chitosan (CS) is a natural biopolymer that has gained great interest in many research fields due to its promising biocompatibility, biodegradability, and favorable mechanical properties. The versatility of this low-cost polymer allows for a variety of chemical modifications via covalent conjugation and non-covalent interactions, which are designed to further improve the properties of interest. This review aims at presenting the broad range of functionalization strategies reported over the last five years to reflect the state-of-the art of CS derivatization. We start by describing covalent modifications performed on the CS backbone, followed by non-covalent CS modifications involving small molecules, proteins, and metal adjuvants. An overview of CS-based systems involving both covalent and electrostatic modification patterns is then presented. Finally, a special focus will be given on the characterization techniques commonly used to qualify the composition and physical properties of CS derivatives.

scholarly journals Chitosan-Based Biocompatible Copolymers for Thermoresponsive Drug Delivery Systems: On the Development of a Standardization System

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1876
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Marsili ◽  
Michele Dal Bo ◽  
Federico Berti ◽  
Giuseppe Toffoli
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Thermoresponsive Polymers ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Covalent Interactions ◽  
Or Applications

Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide that is considered to be biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic. The polymer has been used in drug delivery applications for its positive charge, which allows for adhesion with and recognition of biological tissues via non-covalent interactions. In recent times, chitosan has been used for the preparation of graft copolymers with thermoresponsive polymers such as poly-N-vinylcaprolactam (PNVCL) and poly-N-isopropylamide (PNIPAM), allowing the combination of the biodegradability of the natural polymer with the ability to respond to changes in temperature. Due to the growing interest in the utilization of thermoresponsive polymers in the biological context, it is necessary to increase the knowledge of the key principles of thermoresponsivity in order to obtain comparable results between different studies or applications. In the present review, we provide an overview of the basic principles of thermoresponsivity, as well as a description of the main polysaccharides and thermoresponsive materials, with a special focus on chitosan and poly-N-Vinyl caprolactam (PNVCL) and their biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Supramolecular Architectures of Nucleic Acid/Peptide Hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9458
Author(s):  
Sayuri L. Higashi ◽  
Normazida Rozi ◽  
Sharina Abu Hanifah ◽  
Masato Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Supramolecular Architectures ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Molecular Hybrids ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Covalent Interactions ◽  
Molecular Science

Supramolecular architectures that are built artificially from biomolecules, such as nucleic acids or peptides, with structural hierarchical orders ranging from the molecular to nano-scales have attracted increased attention in molecular science research fields. The engineering of nanostructures with such biomolecule-based supramolecular architectures could offer an opportunity for the development of biocompatible supramolecular (nano)materials. In this review, we highlighted a variety of supramolecular architectures that were assembled from both nucleic acids and peptides through the non-covalent interactions between them or the covalently conjugated molecular hybrids between them.

scholarly journals Tuning polymer properties of non-covalent crosslinked PDMS by varying supramolecular interaction strength

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 2847-2854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte A. G. Lamers ◽  
Marcin L. Ślęczkowski ◽  
Fabian Wouters ◽  
Tom A. P. Engels ◽  
E. W. Meijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Supramolecular Interaction ◽  
Polymer Properties ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Covalent Interactions

Linear polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is crosslinked by supramolecular grafts to obtain materials with strikingly different mechanical properties by tuning the strength of the non-covalent interactions.

Crystallography based investigation of weak interaction for drug designing against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayim Sepay ◽  
Pranab C. Saha ◽  
Zarrin Shahzadi ◽  
Aratrika Chakraborty ◽  
Umesh Chandra Halder
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Weak Interaction ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Drug Designing ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Covalent Interactions

Interactions between protein-small molecules plays an important roles in inhibition of protein function. However, lack of proper knowledge of non-covalent interactions acts as a barrier towards complete understanding of factors...

Anisotropic Composites of Desaminotyrosine and Desaminotyrosyl Tyrosine Functionalized Gelatin and Bioactive Glass Microparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 1718 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Konstanze K. Julich-Gruner ◽  
Andreas Lendlein ◽  
Aldo R. Boccaccini ◽  
Axel T. Neffe
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Covalent Interactions ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

ABSTRACTFunctionalization of gelatin with desaminotyrosine (DAT) and desamino tyrosyl tyrosine (DATT) has been demonstrated to allow network formation based on non-covalent interactions of the aromatic moieties. Based on the observation that the DAT(T) groups furthermore could interact with hydroxyapatite fillers, here it was investigated whether such interactions of DAT(T) could also be employed to stabilize composites formed by functionalized gelatins and bioactive glass (BG) particles. Because of sedimentation of the BG microparticles during the gelification, anisotropic composites with two distinct layers were formed. The characterization of mechanical properties by tensile tests and rheology showed that all composites of non-functionalized and DAT(T) functionalized gelatins with BG microparticles showed an increased Young’s modulus (E) up to 3 MPa, an increased storage modulus (G’) up to 100 kPa, increased tensile strength (σmax) up to 3.4 MPa, and increased loss modulus (G’’) compared to the pure matrices. As the observed effects were more pronounced in the DAT(T) functionalized gelatins compared to non-functionalized gelatins, and a much increased thermal stability of these composites was found, it is likely that there are binding interactions between the aromatic moieties and the BG microparticles. This effect open opportunities for the further development of this type of gelatin-based composites for bone regeneration applications.

High-efficiency dispersion and sorting of single-walled carbon nanotubes via non-covalent interactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (44) ◽  
pp. 11339-11368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyuan Liang ◽  
Wanyi Xie ◽  
Shaoxi Fang ◽  
Feng He ◽  
Bohua Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Single Walled Carbon ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Covalent Interactions ◽  
Thin Film Devices

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted great attention on account of their superior and tunable electrical properties for promising applications in low-cost and high-performance nano-electronics and thin-film devices.

Biocompatible double network poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)–Al3+/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide nanocomposite hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties, self-recovery and self-healing ability

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (25) ◽  
pp. 10390-10403
Author(s):  
Zhanxin Jing ◽  
Xueying Xian ◽  
Qiuhong Huang ◽  
Qiurong Chen ◽  
Pengzhi Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Double Network ◽  
Nanocomposite Hydrogels ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Covalent Interactions ◽  
Poly Acrylamide

Biocompatible double network PAmAA–Al3+/PVA/GO nanocomposite hydrogels based on non-covalent interactions were synthesized, and the non-covalent interactions endow the materials with good self-recovery and self-healing performances.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Bioactive Glass Coatings: State of the Art, Challenges and Future Perspectives

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachele Sergi ◽  
Devis Bellucci ◽  
Valeria Cannillo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Metal Alloys ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Bioactive Glasses ◽  
Metallic Implants

Bioactive glasses are promising biomaterials for bone and tissue repair and reconstruction, as they were shown to bond to both hard and soft tissues stimulating cells towards a path of regeneration and self-repair. Unfortunately, due to their relatively poor mechanical properties, such as brittleness, low bending strength and fracture toughness, their applications are limited to non-load-bearing implants. However, bioactive glasses can be successfully applied as coatings on the surface of metallic implants to combine the appropriate mechanical properties of metal alloys to bioactivity and biocompatibility of bioactive glasses. In this review, several available coating techniques to coat metal alloys using bioactive glasses are described, with a special focus on thermal spraying, which nowadays is the most used to deposit coatings on metallic implants.

scholarly journals On the Use of Popular Basis Sets: Impact of the Intramolecular Basis Set Superposition Error

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Vidal Vidal ◽  
Luis de Vicente Poutás ◽  
Olalla Nieto Faza ◽  
Carlos Silva López
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Basis Set Superposition Error ◽  
Large Molecules ◽  
Molecular Complexation ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Covalent Interactions ◽  
Structure Calculations

The magnitude of intramolecular basis set superposition error (BSSE) is revealed via computing systematic trends in molecular properties. This type of error is largely neglected in the study of the chemical properties of small molecules and it has historically been analyzed just in the study of large molecules and processes dominated by non-covalent interactions (typically dimerization or molecular complexation and recognition events). In this work we try to provide proof of the broader prevalence of this error, which permeates all types of electronic structure calculations, particularly when employing insufficiently large basis sets.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR FUNCTIONALIZATION OF 2D MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140002
Author(s):  
MIRIAM C. RODRÍGUEZ GONZÁLEZ ◽  
RAHUL SASIKUMAR ◽  
STEVEN DE FEYTER
Keyword(s):  
2D Materials ◽  
Layered Materials ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
2D Layered Materials ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Covalent Interactions

In this paper, we give an overview of different chemical modifications that can be done on the surface of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials. We place emphasis on the diversity of reactions that have been proposed and are now available to surface scientists working in 2D materials field. Using mainly, but not exclusively, MoS2 as example, reactions involving covalent and non-covalent interactions are discussed.

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