Protein L—More Than Just an Affinity Ligand

In the past 30 years, highly specific drugs, known as antibodies, have conquered the biopharmaceutical market. In addition to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody fragments are successfully applied. However, recombinant production faces challenges. Process analytical tools for monitoring and controlling production processes are scarce and time-intensive. In the downstream process (DSP), affinity ligands are established as the primary and most important step, while the application of other methods is challenging. The use of these affinity ligands as monitoring tools would enable a platform technology to monitor process steps in the USP and DSP. In this review, we highlight the current applications of affinity ligands (proteins A, G, and L) and discuss further applications as process analytical tools.

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The Medicinal Chemistry of Therapeutic Peptides: Recent Developments in Synthesis and Design Optimizations

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666171012103559 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (13) ◽

pp. 2330-2355 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anutthaman Parthasarathy ◽

Sasikala K. Anandamma ◽

Karunakaran A. Kalesh

Keyword(s):

High Throughput ◽

High Throughput Screening ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

The Past ◽

Recombinant Production ◽

Tremendous Progress ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Therapeutic Peptides ◽

Development Processes ◽

Delivery Strategies

Peptide therapeutics has made tremendous progress in the past decade. Many of the inherent weaknesses of peptides which hampered their development as therapeutics are now more or less effectively tackled with recent scientific and technological advancements in integrated drug discovery settings. These include recent developments in synthetic organic chemistry, high-throughput recombinant production strategies, highresolution analytical methods, high-throughput screening options, ingenious drug delivery strategies and novel formulation preparations. Here, we will briefly describe the key methodologies and strategies used in the therapeutic peptide development processes with selected examples of the most recent developments in the field. The aim of this review is to highlight the viable options a medicinal chemist may consider in order to improve a specific pharmacological property of interest in a peptide lead entity and thereby rationally assess the therapeutic potential this class of molecules possesses while they are traditionally (and incorrectly) considered ‘undruggable’.

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If things go South: The renewed policy of sport mega events allocation and its implications for future research

International Review for the Sociology of Sport ◽

10.1177/1012690220981342 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101269022098134

Author(s):

Billy Graeff ◽

Jorge Knijnik

Keyword(s):

21St Century ◽

Public Expenditure ◽

Global South ◽

International Olympic Committee ◽

Future Research ◽

Construction Costs ◽

Mega Events ◽

The Past ◽

Global North ◽

Analytical Tools

The past few decades have seen an increase of sport mega events (SMEs) held outside the Global North. This tendency has been accompanied by a growing public expenditure in these events. This paper employs selected Global South SMEs to discuss this trend. By critically analysing public documents, biddings and reports, the study traces comparisons between 21st-century Global South and Global North SMEs expenditures, in the revenue of franchise owners (FIFA and the International Olympic Committee), in construction costs within the budgets and in the costs related to security. This comprehensive and intertwined investigation shows the need for new analytical tools – such as the Renewed Policy of Sport Mega Events Allocation, a concept developed here - to better capture the central questions posed by the challenges of ‘SMEs going South’.

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Statistics and Economic History

The Journal of Economic History ◽

10.1017/s0022050700051858 ◽

1941 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 26-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Simon Kuznets

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Economic History ◽

Raw Materials ◽

The Other ◽

Economic Study ◽

Statistical Research ◽

Historical Approach ◽

The Past ◽

Economic Inquiry ◽

Analytical Tools

This paper deals with the relation between statistical analysis as applied in economic inquiry and history as written or interpreted by economic historians. Although both these branches of economic study derive from the same body of raw materials of inquiry—the recordable past and present of economic society—each has developed in comparative isolation from the other. Statistical economists have failed to utilize adequately the contributions that economic historians have made to our knowledge of the past; and historians have rarely employed either the analytical tools or the basic theoretical hypotheses of statistical research. It is the thesis of this essay that such failure to effect a close interrelation between historical approach and statistical analysis needs to be corrected in the light of the final goal of economic study.

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Periodicity: Interpreting Waves of Information in Osundare’s Harvestcall

The Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics ◽

10.5750/bjll.v10i0.1366 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 42-70

Author(s):

Taofeek Olaiwola Dalamu

Keyword(s):

Time Frame ◽

The Past ◽

Systemic Analysis ◽

Literary Device ◽

Different Shapes ◽

Analytical Tools ◽

The Waves

The study investigated the waves of information of Osundara’s Harvestcall to show textual movements as layered by the poet. To achieve that objective, the poem of about 76 lines was collapsed into 44 clauses as a tradition that paves a way for systemic analysis of texts in different shapes, sizes and constructs. Halliday’s Theme and Rheme served as analytical tools that processed the text after which the investigation utilized tables and graphs as indicators of waves of information of Harvestcall. The analysis reveals three separate waves of the text, namely: (i) sectional organization – perceives Sections I, II and III are the Theme while Section IV is the Rheme; (ii) clause constructs – demonstrates multiple Themes that flow to rhematic structures; and (iii) time frame exposition – espouses the past farming commitment as Theme and its current neglect as Rheme. In addition, observation shows waves interference. That is, the switching of Theme 2 and Subject Theme in Sections I, II and III for Subject Theme and Theme 2 respectively in Section IV. As linguistic concepts can reveal so much meanings of a literary device, the study suggests their applications across the board of genres of literature.

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Synergien zwischen Batterie- und Brennstoffzellen/Synergies between battery and fuel cells - Evaluation based on structural and machine parameters in production processes

wt Werkstattstechnik online ◽

10.37544/1436-4980-2020-10-91 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 110 (10) ◽

pp. 735-741

Author(s):

Jens Schäfer ◽

Hannes Wilhelm Weinmann ◽

Dominik Mayer ◽

Tobias Storz ◽

Janna Hofmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cells ◽

Proton Exchange Membrane ◽

Pem Fuel Cells ◽

Proton Exchange ◽

Manufacturing Industries ◽

Sich Eine ◽

Future Technology ◽

The Past ◽

Production Processes ◽

Exchange Membrane

Nach Ankündigung diverser batterieelektrischer Modelle wird auch die PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane)-Brennstoffzelle als mögliche Zukunftstechnologie im Last- und Linienverkehr diskutiert. Ob und wann sich eine Technologie durchsetzt, hängt von der verwendeten Produktionstechnik ab, denn diese bestimmt Stückzahlen und resultierende Kosten. Die Vergangenheit zeigt, dass sich produzierende Industrien oft entlang vorhandener Kompetenzen in etablierten Bereichen entwickelt haben. In diesem Beitrag sollen daher Synergiepotenziale zwischen der Batterie- und Brennstoffzellenfertigung diskutiert werden.   Following the announcement of various battery electric models, PEM fuel cells are also discussed as a future technology in truck and line traffic. Whether and when a technology will be generally accepted depends largely on the production technology used, as this determines the number of units and the resulting costs. The past has shown that manufacturing industries have often developed along existing competencies in established areas. This article will therefore discuss the potential synergies between battery and fuel cell production.

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The Structure of Communist Politics

World Politics ◽

10.2307/2010454 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 498-517 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Richard C. Thornton

Keyword(s):

Comparative Studies ◽

Conceptual Development ◽

Political History ◽

Political Process ◽

The Political ◽

East European ◽

The Past ◽

Restricted Sense ◽

Analytical Tools ◽

General Advancement

The past decade has witnessed a general advancement in comparative studies of communism. Yet, in comparing the conceptual development of the Soviet-East European and Chinese Communist fields, one is struck by the peculiarly arrested state of the Chinese side. By comparison, the “Kremlinologists” have produced a veritable storehouse of analytical tools with which they have contributed to the explanation of the nature and functioning of the Soviet political process and Soviet-East European interrelationship. Relatively little conceptual development is discernible in the China field. In this brief essay on comparative developments in the study of communism, I will attempt to compare the concepts which Western scholars have evolved to analyze the politics of the Communist world, account for different approaches, and analyze Chinese political history to determine the most meaningful approach. I speak of the nature and functioning of the political process in a restricted sense—the ways in which leaders interact, how political positions are attained and maintained, and, in general, the structure of leadership politics in the Communist world.

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Quo vadis sewer process modelling?

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0430 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (9) ◽

pp. 9-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R. M. Ashley ◽

T. Hvitved-Jacobsen ◽

J.-L. Bertrand-Krajewski

Keyword(s):

System Analysis ◽

Process Modelling ◽

Integrated System ◽

The Past ◽

Form Part ◽

Physically Based ◽

Wastewater Systems ◽

Quo Vadis ◽

Analytical Tools ◽

Made In

Over the past decade, considerable investment has been made in acquiring knowledge about in-sewer processes, with the objective of developing new analytical tools to predict the performance of these systems. A wide variety of these tools have emerged, from simple aggregated conceptual models of entire systems, to very detailed physically based relationships for particular processes such as suspended transport. The major investors in this research have been determined to produce commercial models which will form part of integrated system analysis suites of software for use in the formulation of holistic and optimum managerial methods for wastewater systems. Unfortunately, sewer processes are extremely complex, and the very limited investment, when compared proportionately with that made in hydrological and hydraulic analysis over previous decades, has produced apparently gaps in underlying knowledge which are not generally acknowledged. This paper reviews the current position with regard to sewer process modelling, highlighting areas where knowledge is still deficient, and where new opportunities and limitations are emerging.

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Technology, International Trade, and Pollution from US Manufacturing

The American Economic Review ◽

10.1257/aer.99.5.2177 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 99 (5) ◽

pp. 2177-2192 ◽

Cited By ~ 145

Author(s):

Arik Levinson

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

The Past ◽

Production Processes ◽

Minor Part ◽

A Minor

Pollution emitted by US manufacturers declined markedly over the past several decades, even as real manufacturing output increased. I first show that most of the decline in US manufacturing pollution has resulted from changing production processes (“technology”), rather than changes in the mix of goods produced. I then show that increased net imports of polluting goods (“international trade”) accounts for only a small portion of the pollution reductions from the changing mix of goods. Together, these two findings demonstrate that shifting polluting industries overseas explains only a minor part—less than 10 percent—of the cleanup of US manufacturing. (JEL F18, L23, L60, O30, Q52, Q53)

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The use of social media during disasters: The development of the literature, its current topography, and future challenges

Journal of Emergency Management ◽

10.5055/jem.2020.0468 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 221-235

Author(s):

Fatih Demiroz, PhD

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Computer Science ◽

Public Administration ◽

The Past ◽

Academic Fields ◽

Growing Body ◽

Interdisciplinary Nature ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Use Of Social Media ◽

Analytical Tools

Scholarly efforts to understand the use of social media during disasters have grown over the past decade, thanks to widely available data and powerful analytical tools. These efforts occurred in several academic fields, including disaster management, public administration, computer science, communications, and medicine. While such efforts have created a rich tapestry of perspectives, the ever-growing body of literature has become difficult to navigate. This article tackles this issue by painting a broad picture of the past, present, and future of the literature by analyzing metadata of 1,414 articles published on this subject. The results identify five important points. First, the literature on the use of social media during disasters has grown very rapidly in the past decade, but it is approaching a maturation point. Second, the literature is interdisciplinary in nature, and with the exception of medical journals, journals from different disciplines frequently cite each other. Third, the interdisciplinary nature of the literature comes from its intellectual roots. Fourth, the topography of the literature consists of a small number of core journals that publish a significant number of articles and a large number of journals in the periphery that occasionally publish relevant articles. Finally, the article discusses the challenges facing the future of the literature and makes suggestions.

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