Turning Food Waste into Value-Added Resources: Current Status and Regulatory Promotion in Taiwan

Food waste is daily generated in significant amounts around the world, implying the depletion of natural resources and the emergence of environmental pollution issues if discarded without valorization or utilization. In this regard, food waste management poses an important challenge in the circular society. Based on the official statistics and the national laws and regulations database in Taiwan, this study analyzed the on-line reporting amounts of collected food waste since it has been officially designated as one of the mandatory recyclable wastes. Furthermore, the regulatory measures for promoting food waste utilization in Taiwan were addressed to valorize it for the production of value-added resources and also prevent the spread of African swine flu. It showed that the collected amounts of food waste from residential and commercial sectors in Taiwan significantly increased from about 168,600 metric tons in 2003 to the maximal amount (i.e., 834,500 metric tons) in 2012, reflecting the regulatory promulgation and promotional measures. Based on the joint efforts by the central governing authorities (including the Environmental Protection Administration, the Council of Agriculture, and the Ministry of Economic Affairs), this study also examined the regulatory promotions for utilizing food waste as an available resource for the production of value-added resources (i.e., organic fertilizer, pig feed, and bioenergy). Through the central governing authority, local governments, and private recyclers, about 2000 metric tons of food waste in Taiwan was recycled every day, which can not only mitigate the pressure on waste incineration and disposal systems, but also conform to the trends of environmental sustainability and circular bioeconomy. Therefore, the Taiwan government is currently supporting the establishment of anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting plants for turning food waste into organic fertilizers and biogas-to-electricity because they have been evaluated as the best options of food waste valorization.

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Current Status and Problems in Agricultural Waste Biomass and Food Waste Utilization

JOURNAL OF RURAL SOCIETY AND ECONOMICS ◽

10.11617/jrse.33.2_47 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

Masami IZUMIYA ◽

Akihisa NONAKA

Keyword(s):

Food Waste ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Waste Utilization ◽

Current Status ◽

Waste Biomass

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The Value Chain Analysis to Support Industrial Cluster Development of Oil Palm-Cattle Integration in Pelalawan Regency

STI Policy and Management Journal ◽

10.14203/stipm.2018.111 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kristiana Kristiana ◽

Zulfika Satria Kusharsanto ◽

Ramos Hutapea

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Value Added ◽

Industrial Cluster ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Value Chain Analysis ◽

A Value ◽

Chain Analysis ◽

Integrated Program

As a region with the largest oil palm plantations in Indonesia, Pelalawan Regency is highly potential to develop a program of oil palm-cattle integration. Pelalawan has implemented the program legitimated by Regent Decree Number KPTS./524/Disnak/2012/472 regarding Zoning Regulation on the development of Oil Palm-Cattle Integration. The program of oil palm-cattle integration itself has been the basis for the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture Number 105 Year 2014 regarding the Integration of Oil Palm Plantation and Beef Cattle Farming. Moreover, the integration system of oil palm-cattle gives a lot of benefit to farmers, for example the utilization of manure as organic fertilizers could reduce farmer’s expenses for chemical fertilizers and the cattle can be an asset for them. Products made from the integrated program are solid manure, liquid organic fertilizer, fodder, biogas, and beef. To improve the competitiveness of those activities, we can analyze the value chain which includes product design, inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing, sales, services and supporting activities. By using a value chain analysis, this study aims to provide recommendations for strengthening programs which could be implemented to improve the value-added of the products. Keywords: oil palm-cattle integration, value chain, value-added, industrial cluster

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Pemberdayaan Kelompok Lanjut Usia melalui Pengenalan Teknologi Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) sebagai Upaya Bentuk Kepedulian terhadap Lingkungan

Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment ◽

10.24843/blje.2017.v17.i02.p01 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 90

Author(s):

I Gde Antha Kasmawan ◽

Gusti Ngurah Sutapa ◽

I Made Yuliara

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

The Elderly ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Training Method ◽

Fertilizer Use ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Practice Methods ◽

Interactive Lecture ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

In order to avoid post power syndrome, the elderly who have a hobby of farming / gardening can be empowered through the introduction of LOF (liquid organic fertilizer) making technology and its application. The aim is for the elderly to understand the technology of making organic fertilizers that are lightweight, useful and entertaining as well as for them to feel contribute in maintaining the environment. The training method applied is a combination of interactive lecture and practice methods. Based on these methods, have succeeded in growing their creativity in making LOF and feel comforted on the results obtained. Successful LOF products contained nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) of 146,701 mg / L, 0.741 mg / L, and 0.035 mg / L, respectively, and magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) of 86.332 mg / L and 1.970 mg / L. The application of LOF products has been done on the orchid plants (Phalaenopsis amabilis) with satisfactory results. Thus, the mastery of LOF making technology and its application will reduce the dependence of chemical fertilizer use and replace it with homemade organic fertilizer so it can contribute in maintaining health and environmental sustainability.

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STUDI PEMANFAATAN SAMPAH DI KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

Jurnal Dampak ◽

10.25077/dampak.10.1.73-78.2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Slamet Raharjo ◽

Yenni Ruslinda ◽

Rizki Aziz

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Food Waste ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Education Institution ◽

Waste Utilization ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Third Party ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Solid Waste Generation ◽

The Government

Konsep pengelolaan sampah telah lama berubah dari pemusnahan atau pembuangan menjadi pemanfaatan. Namun konsep ini belum diikuti dengan langkah nyata oleh pemerintah. Kepedulian terhadap kelestarian lingkungan telah mendorong beberapa kelompok masyarakat, lembaga atau institusi untuk bergerak aktif dalam pemanfaatan sampah. Universitas Andalas sebagai lembaga pendidikan tinggi terkemuka di Pulau Sumatera sudah saatnya mengambil peran aktif dalam melakukan pengelolaan sampah yang berwawasan lingkungan. Timbulan sampah yang cukup besar yaitu 28 m3/hari pada tahun 2012, yang diproyeksikan akan menjadi 34 m3/hari atau 9 ton/hari pada tahun 2017, menawarkan potensi cukup besar untuk dimanfaatkan. Pada tahun proyeksi 2017 dari total timbulan sampah, 26,6 % (2,4 ton/h) adalah sampah makanan, 9,8 % (0,9 ton/h) adalah sampah penyapuan taman/jalan, 30,0 % (2,7 ton/h) adalah sampah plastik, 25,3 % (2,3 ton/h) adalah sampah kertas, 1,5 % (0,1 ton/h) adalah sampah kaleng, logam dan besi dan 6,9 % (0,6 ton/h) adalah sampah lain-lain (tekstil, karet, kayu, kaca dll). Dari total sampah makanan dan penyapuan halaman/jalan, 33,7 % berpotensi untuk menghasilkan kompos sekitar 1,2 ton/hari, 2,1 % (0,2 ton/h) dapat dimanfaatkan untuk proses biogas dan sisanya 0,5 % (0,05 ton/h) ditimbun di TPA. Sampah plastik dan kertas sebesar 55,3 % dapat dimanfaatkan kembali atau dijual ke PT. Semen Padang sebagai tambahan bahan bakar unit kiln. Dari 1,5 % sampah kaleng, logam dan besi, 1,3 % dapat dimanfaatkan kembali atau dijual ke pihak ketiga sedangkan sisanya yang hanya sebesar 0,02 ton/h dibuang ke TPA Air Dingin. Selanjutnya, sisa timbulan sampah sebesar 6,9 % yang berupa sampah tekstil, karet, kayu, kaca dan lain-lain dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif pada kiln PT. Semen Padang. Jika konsep ini dapat dilaksanakan, maka Universitas Andalas dianggap mampu melakukan pemanfaatan sampah hingga 99,3 %. Kata kunci: Pemanfaatan sampah, kelestarian lingkungan, pengelolaan sampah yang berwawasan lingkunganABSTRACTManagement of solid waste has been changed from dumping to utilization. However, this concept is not fully applied yet by the government. Environmental sustainability awareness has been stimulating some community groups and institutions to actively involve in waste utilization. Andalas University as a leading higher education institution in Sumatera Island must give active contributions in solid waste management for environmental sustainability. Solid waste generation of 28 m3/day, which is projected to be 34 m3/day or 9 ton/day in 2017, offers huge enough potency for utilization. From the total solid waste generation in 2017, 26.6 % (2.4 ton/day) is food waste, 9.8 % (0.9 ton/day) is garden/road waste, 30.0 % (2.7 ton/day) is plastic waste, 25.3 % (2.3 ton/day) is paper waste, 1.5 % (0.1 ton/day) can, metal and iron waste and 6.9 % (0.6 ton/day) is micellaneous waste (textile, rubber, wood, glass etc). 33.7 % of food waste and garden/road waste may be recycled to compost around 1.2 ton/day, 2.1 % (0.2 ton/day) may be utilized for biogas and the rest 0.5 % (0.05 ton/day) is sent to TPA Air Dingin. Plastic waste and paper wich is 55.5 %, may be used for additional fuel for kiln unit of PT. Semen Padang. From 1.5 % can, metal and iron waste, 1.3 % may be reused or sold to third party while the reset (only 0.02 ton/day) must be disposed to TPA Air Dingin. Furthermore, the rest of waste generation account for 6.9 % composed of textile, rubber, kayu, kaca dll may be used as alternative fuel for kiln PT.Semen Padang. If this concept is practiced, then the Andalas University is considered capable of utilizing their waste up to 99.3 %.Keyword: Utilization solid waste, environmental sustainability, management of solid waste

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Evaluation of Municipal Solid Wastes Utilization in Organic Fertilizer Production Using Bioreactor-Vermi Technology

IAMURE International Journal of Ecology and Conservation ◽

10.7718/ijec.v10i1.775 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ARISTON O. RONQUILLO ◽

GEMMA A. ASUFRE

Keyword(s):

Waste Treatment ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Waste Utilization ◽

Solid Wastes ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

State University ◽

Sustainable Farming ◽

Municipal Solid Wastes ◽

Organic Waste Treatment

Surigao del Sur State University has been utilizing the Bioreactor-VermiTechnology through accelerated composting processes in response to theincreasing concern about the amount and management of Municipal Solid Wastes(MSW) and sustainable farming in the municipalities of Tagbina and Barobo,Surigao del Sur, Philippines. The major focus was to evaluate the potential ofBioreactor-Vermi Technology to reduce municipal solid wastes and the potentialof the organic fertilizer produced from these wastes for sustainable farming. Adescriptive research design was utilized in this study employing multiple datacollection techniques which include characterization of compostable solidwastes, their sources, amount of wastes utilized for composting and the amountand quality of organic fertilizer produced. Results revealed that using bioreactor-vermi technology; the biodegradable MSW in the two municipalities is reducedto 6.68% producing 300 tons of organic fertilizers in five years operation utilizedby 200 farmers for the cultivation of various crops within and outside the twomunicipalities. Organic fertilizer produced is in acceptable level for sustainablefarming. As the major composition of waste is organic, waste treatment optionslike bioreactor-vermi composting is effective in reducing municipal solidwastes and producing organic fertilizer for sustainable farming not only in thePhilippines but all over the world.Keywords: Environmental Education, emerging technologies, solid waste utilization,descriptive-evaluative design, Philippines

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SOIL ORGANIC MATTER (SOM): STATUS, TARGET AND CHALLENGES IN NEPAL

Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agricultural ◽

10.26480/mjsa.02.2021.90.94 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 90-94

Author(s):

J.J. Gairhe ◽

S. Khanal ◽

S. Thapa

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Management Practices ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Current Status ◽

Fiscal Year ◽

Fertilizer Use

Changes in soil organic matter (SOM) are slow and difficult to monitor, usually apparent after few decades. Recent changes in the agriculture had its influence on soil, including the soil organic matter content. About 60% of soil in Nepal now have low organic matter content. Agriculture Perspective Plan (APP) was focused more on the concept of green revolution to increase the chemical fertilizer inputs, however, the scenario is changing. Use of organic fertilizers is promoted extensively by government and different organizations with a target of increasing SOM content from 1.92% in 2015 to 4% by 2035. This paper aims at analysing the current status, targeted goal and the challenges faced in the augmentation of the soil organic matter using data available. Achieving this target requires an addition of extra 2.244 ton/ha of organic matter on a yearly basis for 20 years. The average amount of organic matter (2.5-3 ton/ha) applied is lesser than a single season grain harvest. 4.69% of sites had high soil organic matter in fiscal year 075/76 which slipped to 2.64% in 2076/77. The sites with low soil organic matter increased from 12.73% to 15.31%. The causes behind the SOM decline varies according to different agro-ecological zones like soil erosion, residue burning, imbalanced fertilizer use, defective FYM production etc. Findings suggest precise technologies required to be adopted to tackle with the different niche specific causes of soil fertility decline. Despite the complete nutrient content, bulky nature of organic fertilizers sets a major drawback regarding their transportation, distribution and commercialization. Government of Nepal is promoting organic fertilizer use by subsidizing their production cost by 50%. Following integrated nutrient management (INM) techniques, sustainable soil management practices (SSMP) and promotion of use of locally available resources can play a huge role in making the technology sustainable to the farmers.

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Crop performance and soil fertility improvement using organic fertilizer produced from valorization of Carica papaya fruit peel

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84206-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

S. O. Dahunsi ◽

S. Oranusi ◽

V. E. Efeovbokhan ◽

A. T. Adesulu-Dahunsi ◽

J. O. Ogunwole

Keyword(s):

Carica Papaya ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Value Added ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

High Rate ◽

Nutrient Elements ◽

Research Attention ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium

AbstractIn recent times, research attention is focusing on harnessing agricultural wastes for the production of value-added products. In this study, the valorization of Carica papaya (Pawpaw) fruit peels was evaluated for the production of quality organic fertilizer via anaerobic digestion (AD) while the effects of the fertilizer on maize crop were also assessed. Pawpaw peel was first pretreated by thermo-alkaline methods before AD and analyses were carried out using standard methods. The resulting digestate was rich in nutrients and was dewatered to form solid organic fertilizer rich in microbes and soil nutrients. When applied to maize plants, organic fertilizer showed a better effect on plant traits than NPK 15–15–15 fertilizer and without fertilizer application. These were more pronounced at mid to high organic fertilizer applications (30-to-60-kg nitrogen/hectare (kg N/ha)) rate. Comparison between the values obtained from the field experiments reveals that the organic fertilizer showed better performance in all parameters such as the number of leaves, leaf area, plant height, stem girth, total shoot, and root biomass, and length of the root. However, the chemical fertilizer outperformed all the organic fertilizer applied rates in the average highest size of the corn ear by 1.4%. After harvesting, nutrient elements were found to have bioaccumulated in plant organs (leaves, stem, and root) with the highest values being 29.7 mg/L for nitrogen in the leaf and this value was reported from the experiment with 50 kg N/ha. For phosphorus and potassium, the highest concentrations of 7.05 and 8.4 mg/L were recorded in the plant’ stem of the experiment with 50 kg N/ha. All the treated soils recorded an increase in values of all nutrient elements over the control with the highest values recorded in the experiment with 60 kg N/ha. In soil with 60 kg N/ha, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased by 28, 40, and 22% respectively over the chemical fertilizer applied experiment while different levels of increases were also recorded for all other macro and microelements in all the experiments. Thus, agricultural practices by using anaerobic digestates as organic fertilizers is a sustainable method to overcome the dependence on inorganic fertilizers high rate.

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MIKORIZA DAN PUPUK ORGANIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAWANG PUTIH

Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture ◽

10.20961/carakatani.v29i1.13310 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Muhammad Imam Wicaksono ◽

Muji Rahayu ◽

Samanhudi Samanhudi

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

High Price ◽

Gigaspora Margarita ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Goat Manure

Garlic has a high price in the market, however, production of garlic has its limitations. The use of chemical fertilizers has shortcomings in terms of environmental sustainability, so need for organic fertilizer which serves to reduce the negative impact. The study aims to determine interactive between kinds of mycorrhizal and organic fertilizer to garlic, get the appropriate mycorrhizal and to get the Suistainablekind of fertilizer to increase of the garlic yield. The experiment was conducted from January 2013 to August 2013. Research using CRD (completely randomized design) with 2 factors of organic fertilizer (chicken manure, cow manure, goat manure, manure and vermicompost compost) and mycorrhizal types (Gigaspora margarita, Acaulospora sp, Glomus etunicatum). The results showed mycorrhizal mycorrhizal types Gigaspora margarita is suitable and capable of enhancing the growth of garlic, application of organic fertilizers used have not been able to increase the growth and yield of garlic. Applications of various types of mycorrhiza and organic fertilizers have not been able to increase the growth of garlic.

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Industrial Ecology for Optimal Food Waste Management in a Region

Environmental Research Engineering and Management ◽

10.5755/j01.erem.77.1.27605 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 7-24

Author(s):

Edgaras Stunžėnas ◽

Irina Kliopova

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Food Waste ◽

Industrial Ecology ◽

Value Added ◽

Food Product ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Management Approach ◽

Energy Inputs ◽

Policy Alignment

Despite numerous discussions between scholars and policymakers, food waste (FW) remains a great concern. European Union alone discards 88 million tons of edible food annually, and when energy, inputs from technosphere and nature, labour, waste management of edible as well as inedible parts are assessed, it amounts to significant environmental and economic impacts. Additionally, food waste is considered a social problem and a matter of food security. Since food waste is a problem of the whole foodstuff supply chain, a holistic approach for its management must be taken. For this reason, an industrial ecology (IE) concept can provide a systemic approach that might be an interesting solution for tackling issues associated with such a biogenic food waste stream. The application of IE brings novelty to the research, because the IE approach is typically used for heavy industry that is concentrated in close proximity. The idea behind the IE approach is to prevent as much food waste as possible, then exploit homogenous sub-products for value added product (either food product or not), and, eventually, to obtain energy (or value added products) via fermentation and produce organic fertilizers of a great agronomical value. The results of investigation showed that numerous prevention and technological solutions can be applied to reduce environmental impact, and when available practises are coupled with IE elements, it brings the management approach close to natural ones. The key IE elements in the model are dematerialization and industrial symbiosis; however, other elements, such as restructuration of energy systems and policy alignment, are also present. As a result of the model application, an economically sound, zero food waste management could be obtained in a region

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Respon Padi Gogo Terhadap Residu Pupuk Organik

Agrotek ◽

10.30862/agt.v3i2.566 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Baso Daeng

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Growing Season ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Good Effect ◽

Best Response ◽

Different Types ◽

Main Plot ◽

Plot Design

The rate of conversion of paddy fields and irrigation water crisis suggest to consider the development of upland rice.� Empowerment of organic-based dryland done to increase rice, as well as environmental sustainability efforts.� The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of organic fertilizer residue to upland rice in the second growing season.� Experiments using a split-split plot design.� The main plot consisted of a dosage of 50% and 100% organic fertilizer in the first growing season.� Sub plot consisted of chicken manure (20 tons ha-1), Centrosema� pubescens (4.3 tons ha-1) + chicken manure (10 tons ha-1), and Thitonia diversifolia (4.3 tons ha-1) + chicken manure (10 tons ha-1).� Sub-sub plot consist of Danau Gaung and Batu Tegi varieties.� The different types of fertilizer had no effect on plant productivity.� The addition of Thitonia diversifolia gave a good effect on some growth variable and its resistance due pathogen attack.� Batu Tegi varieties are varieties that give the best response from an organic fertilizer.� Interaction between dosage, type of fertilizer, and varieties do not provide areal impact.

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