scholarly journals Currently Applied Extraction Processes for Secondary Metabolites from Lippia turbinata and Turnera diffusa and Future Perspectives

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Guillermo C. G. Martínez-Ávila ◽  
Pedro Aguilar-Zarate ◽  
Romeo Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Ohmic Heating ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Turnera Diffusa ◽  
Solvent Residues ◽  
Extraction Processes

The poleo (Lippia turbinata Griseb.) and damiana (Turnera diffusa Wild) are two of the most valued species in the Mexican semidesert due to their medicinal uses. The conventional essential oil extraction process is hydrodistillation, and for the extraction of antioxidants, the use of organic solvents. However, these techniques are time-consuming and degrade thermolabile molecules, and the efficiency of the process is dependent on the affinity of the solvent for bioactive compounds. Likewise, they generate solvent residues such as methanol, hexane, petroleum ether, toluene, chloroform, etc. Therefore, in recent years, ecofriendly alternatives such as ohmic heating, microwaves, ultrasound, and supercritical fluids have been studied. These methodologies allow reducing the environmental impact and processing times, in addition to increasing yields at a lower cost. Currently, there is no up-to-date information that provides a description of the ecofriendly trends for the recovery process of essential oils and antioxidants from Lippia turbinata and Turnera diffusa. This review includes relevant information on the most recent advancements in these processes, including conditions and methodological foundation.

First application of different Chlorella sp. microalgal strains for the treatment of vegetation waters derived from unconventional oil extractions enriched with citrus byproducts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Chiellini ◽  
Monica Macaluso ◽  
Adriana Ciurli ◽  
Lorenzo Guglielminetti ◽  
Isabella Taglieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Vegetation Water

The Mediterranean diet has among its cornerstones the use of olive oil for its nutraceutical and organoleptic properties. Despite the numerous merits, olive-oil mill wastewater (OMWW), which is generated by the olive-oil extraction process, is one of the most serious environmental pollutants in the Mediterranean countries. The polluting potential of OMWW is due to its high content of tannins, polyphenols, polyalcohols, pectins and lipids. In this experiment, we tested the ability of five microalgae of the Chlorella group (SEC_LI_ChL_1, CL-Sc, CL-Ch, FB and Idr) in lowering the percentage of total phenolic compounds in vegetation water. In order to close the recovery cycle of a fortified citrus olive oils previously developed, we tested the vegetation wa-ter obtained with three different extraction processes (conventional, lemon and orange peels) at three concentrations each (10%, 25% and 50%). Results showed that strains Idr, FB and CL-Sc from the Lake Massaciuccoli can tolerate vegetation water from conventional and lemon peels extraction up to 25%; these strains can also reduce the phenolic compounds within the tests. The results demonstrate that the application of microalgae for OMWW treatment represent an inter-esting opportunity, and an eco-friendly low-cost solution to be developed within the companies as a full-scale approach.

scholarly journals Extraction of Antioxidants from Blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius L.): Comparison between Ultrasound- and Microwave-Assisted Extraction Techniques

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estrella Espada-Bellido ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Ceferino Carrera ◽  
Miguel Palma ◽  
José A. Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Precision Study ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
High Concentrations

Berries are considered functional food because of their potential health benefits to consumers due to their high concentrations in bioactive compounds. The extraction process of their antioxidant compounds is a crucial step. In this work, ultrasound (UAE) and microwave (MAE) assisted extraction have been evaluated and compared for the recovery of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total anthocyanins (TA) from blackberry. Since several variables have an influence on the extraction processes efficiency, a response surface method using a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was chosen for the optimization of UAE and MAE variables. Six variables (solvent, temperature, amplitude, cycle, pH, and sample:solvent ratio) were optimized for UAE while the optimization for MAE was performed on four variables (solvent, temperature, pH, and sample:solvent ratio). It has been proven that solvent and temperature have a significant influence on the extraction of both TA and TPC. Only 10 and 5 min were necessary to complete the UAE and MAE procedures, respectively. A precision study was also carried out, and coefficient of variation lower than 5% was determined. Non-significant differences were obtained when using UAE and MAE at their respective optimum conditions. Thus, the results demonstrated a successful potential use of both techniques for the extraction of TA and TPC from blackberry. In conclusion, this work shows interesting perspectives for quality control analytical laboratories for the development of rapid extraction techniques to quantify these antioxidant compounds in blackberries.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF OHMIC HEATING AS A PRE-TREATMENT METHOD FOR BIODIESEL EXTRACTION FROM MICROALGAE

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Sofi'i ◽  
Sumardi Hadi Sumarlan ◽  
Wignyanto Wignyanto ◽  
Bambang Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ohmic Heating ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Microalgae Oil ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Density Treatment

Microalgae are single cell organisms that have the potential to be developed as feedstock for biodiesel oil. One of the problems of using microalgae as feedstock for biodiesel is in the extraction process. Microalgae extraction requires considerable cost. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ohmic heating as a method of pretreatment in microalgae oil extraction. The raw materials used were microalgae paste diluted in two levels cell density, 20 g/L, and 30 g/L. The pretreatment using alternating current (AC) electric with two voltage levels (55 V and 110 V), and the duration of pretreatment was 30 seconds and 60 seconds. The next step was drying and extracting microalgae by solvent extraction method of n-hexane. The results showed that the highest oil yields (14.88%) were obtained by cell density treatment 20 g/L, done for 60 seconds of pretreatment and 110 V voltage. This result was higher than without pretreatment, so the use of pretreatment by ohmic heating can improve extracted oil yield than without pretreatment.

scholarly journals Utilization of Dynamic and Physical Properties of Ice in Underground Mining Operations

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (81) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Fangel
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Natural Freezing ◽  
Lateral Walls

Abstract In sub-level caving mining operations, the lateral walls cave in. This results in dilution of the mineral content of the produced ore by 15%-20% waste rock. Also 15%-20% of the valuable ores are lost in the caved wall material that is left behind in the mined-out rooms. Placing ice, in the form of a small glacier, in the mine-room before the lateral walls start to cave, permit complete recovery of ore reserves without dilution. The glacier will advance at a rate permitted by ore extraction processes, in accordance with glaciological theories and laws. Volumes of ice that are required may be calculated from ore extraction rates, power consumed in the mine, ventilating air volumes and temperatures, specific heat and thermal conductivity of the lateral rock. The required ice volumes can be produced through natural freezing of water, where the winter temperatures regularly fall below 0°C for a predictable period every winter. Use of ice as a mining aid reduces costs of the ore extraction process by about one-third and increases value of the produced ore by about 20%. Thus, the value of a given orebody is increased by about 30% relative to the values experienced in the most efficient mines of today.

scholarly journals Properties, bioactive potential and extraction processes of glycosaminoglycans: an overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evellin Balbinot-Alfaro ◽  
Meritaine da Rocha ◽  
Alexandre da Trindade Alfaro ◽  
Vilásia Guimarães Martins
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Heparan Sulphate ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
General Aspects

ABSTRACT: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long-chain polysaccharides that are divided into sulphates and non-sulphates, these being chondroitin sulphate, heparan sulphate, dermatan sulphate, heparin sulphate and the only non-sulphate in the group is hyaluronic acid. GAGs are obtained from animal tissue and by an expensive low-yield extraction process; however, they are highly commercially valued polysaccharides and exploited in the biomedical market. Their disaccharidic composition, chain length and sulfation pattern present great variability depending on the species and extraction factors. GAGs possess immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antiproliferative and anticoagulant properties, functioning as therapeutic agents modulating an array of biological processes. This report presents the general aspects of each GAG, source and extraction process, in addition to the characteristics that give them the most varied therapeutic properties and pharmacological applications.

scholarly journals Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Bioactive Compounds by Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction from Artichoke Wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-666
Author(s):  
Izzet Turker ◽  
Hilal Isleroglu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

In this study, bioactive compounds were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and classical extraction processes using distilled water as solvent from artichoke leaves which are considered as agricultural wastes. Antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and total flavonoid content values of the obtained bioactive extracts were determined, and extraction yields and times were evaluated to compare the extraction processes. Also, the optimum extraction conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (extraction time and ultrasonic power) which provide the highest extraction yield were determined using D-optimal design by ‘desirability’ function approach. According to the results, bioactive extracts having high antioxidant capacity were obtained at shorter times and higher extraction yields were achieved by ultrasonic-assisted extraction process than classical extraction. The highest extraction yield was estimated as 98.46% with an application of 20.05 minutes of extraction time and 65.02% of ultrasonic amplitude for the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process.

scholarly journals Microalgae to Energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Olushola O
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Green Pigment ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Algae Oil

Microalgae, an organism which is considered as a potential source of biofuel from the last decade endowed with excellent capability of CO 2 capture and sequestration, water treatment, prolific growth rate and enormous energy content. The Soxhlet extraction of lipids from microalgae (Chlorella Vulgaris, Nannochloropsis sp., and Thalassiosira weissflogii), was carried out with several solvents (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, and hexane), pure and mixtures, in order to optimize the extraction process. For the paper, the highest amount of lipid was obtained using a combination of methanol and acetone or methanol alone. The extract liquid fractions were treated with activated carbon to remove the green pigment. Attempts to in situ algae oil transesterification were accomplished using acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and base (NaOH and CaO) catalysts. The extend of extraction processes was assessed by infrared spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Synthesis and study of the extraction properties ofnew phosphorus-containing extractants of heavy metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
G K. Bishimbayeva ◽  
A. M. Nalibayeva ◽  
S. A. Saidullayeva ◽  
A. K. Zhanabaeva ◽  
A. Bold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Extraction Properties ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Solutions

Abstract: The metallurgical industry is one of the cornerstones of contemporary chemical science and industry and it is developing rapidly in many countries. The widespread introduction of metal extraction, concentration and separation as the most productive methods entails the need to search for and create new effective metal extractants. Among the compounds, suitable for use as extractants, the most widespread are organic phosphites and phosphates, which allow performing extraction processes with good selectivity and efficiency. The purposes of this article include finalizing the optimal synthesis conditions and developing larger batches of 4,5-dimethyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane and 5,5-dimethyl-2-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5- octafluoropentoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane, and study of the extraction properties of the obtained phosphorus- containing heterocyclic compounds in the separation of uranium from the commercial desorbate. The synthesis of new representatives of the indicated polyfluoroalkylated five- and six-membered heterocyclic phosphorus compounds was conducted using the interaction of 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane with trifluoroethanol and the substitution–cyclization reaction of polyfluoroalkylated dichlorophosphite with 2,2-dimethyl- 1,3-propanediol. Reactions easily proceed in triethylamine–hexane or pyridine–diethyl ether systems at temperatures ranging between minus ten to room temperature, with the output of target heterocycles of 53–57%. The studies of extraction properties of synthesized poly-fluorinealkylated dioxaphospholane and dioxaphosphorinane show that the use of these phosphorus-containing heterocyclic compounds as extractants allows extracting a technically valuable metal up to 12.4 and 15.2%, respectively. Nitric and sulfuric acid solutions of commercial desorbate of hydrometallurgical production in Kazakhstan were used as feedstock in the extraction process.

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