Biodegradation of Keratin-Rich Husbandry Waste as a Path to Sustainable Agriculture

Every year, the size of the human population grows; with it, the need for agricultural products increases. This leads to an increment in the volume of waste, including hard-to-degrade keratin-rich ones, such as feathers. Currently, most of the agro-industrial complex protein by-products are utilized by incineration, landfilling, and chemical hydrolysis. Such methods do not meet modern trends in the development of a sustainable economy, negatively affecting the environment and humans, and preventing the reusing of waste. An alternative is biodegradation, which consists of the application of living organisms and their enzymes to recycle by-products. This approach is not only sustainable, but also makes it possible to obtain products of waste hydrolysis that are in demand for the manufacture of fertilizers and feed additives. This brings the development of agriculture closer to a circular economy and makes the recycling process more profitable. This review article emphasizes the significance of keratinolytic microorganisms and keratinases for the improvement of green methods for processing hard-to-degrade protein waste of the agro-industrial complex, which is necessary for sustainable economic development.

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Transformation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) during UV-Catalyzed Processes Assisted by Chlorine

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal10121432 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1432

Author(s):

Edyta Kudlek

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Water Samples ◽

Water Environment ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Contaminants Of Emerging Concern ◽

Post Processing ◽

Processing Water ◽

Living Organisms ◽

Trace Concentrations ◽

By Products

Every compound that potentially can be harmful to the environment is called a Contaminant of Emerging Concern (CEC). Compounds classified as CECs may undergo different transformations, especially in the water environment. The intermediates formed in this way are considered to be toxic against living organisms even in trace concentrations. We attempted to identify the intermediates formed during single chlorination and UV-catalyzed processes supported by the action of chlorine and hydrogen peroxide or ozone of selected contaminants of emerging concern. The analysis of post-processing water samples containing benzocaine indicated the formation of seven compound intermediates, while ibuprofen, acridine and β-estradiol samples contained 5, 5, and 3 compound decomposition by-products, respectively. The number and also the concentration of the intermediates decreased with the time of UV irradiation. The toxicity assessment indicated that the UV-catalyzed processes lead to decreased toxicity nature of post-processed water solutions.

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The Potential Utilization of High-Fiber Agricultural By-Products as Monogastric Animal Feed and Feed Additives: A Review

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11072098 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2098

Author(s):

Wen-Yang Chuang ◽

Li-Jen Lin ◽

Hsin-Der Shih ◽

Yih-Min Shy ◽

Shang-Chang Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Animal Health ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Health It ◽

High Fiber ◽

Monogastric Animal ◽

Animal Growth ◽

Positive Effect ◽

By Products

With the increase in world food demand, the output of agricultural by-products has also increased. Agricultural by-products not only contain more than 50% dietary fiber but are also rich in functional metabolites such as polyphenol (including flavonoids), that can promote animal health. The utilization of dietary fibers is closely related to their types and characteristics. Contrary to the traditional cognition that dietary fiber reduces animal growth, it can promote animal growth and maintain intestinal health, and even improve meat quality when added in moderate amounts. In addition, pre-fermenting fiber with probiotics or enzymes in a controlled environment can increase dietary fiber availability. Although the use of fiber has a positive effect on animal health, it is still necessary to pay attention to mycotoxin contamination. In summary, this report collates the fiber characteristics of agricultural by-products and their effects on animal health and evaluates the utilization value of agricultural by-products.

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Selected Alternative Feed Additives Used to Manipulate the Rumen Microbiome

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061542 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1542

Author(s):

Marta Michalak ◽

Konrad Wojnarowski ◽

Paulina Cholewińska ◽

Natalia Szeligowska ◽

Marcel Bawej ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Digestive System ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Review Article ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Microbial Fermentation ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Gelidium Amansii ◽

Alternative Feed ◽

Rumen Microbiome ◽

General Recognition

In recent years, a boost in the ruminant population has been observed, and consequently, an increase in the animals’ demand for nutrients and methane emissions. Methane emission is generated during the microbial fermentation of feed in the rumen, and a percentage even up to 12% of the energy obtained by this process can be wasted. In addition, the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry is being increasingly restricted. restricted. As a result, there is a continuous search for innovative feed additives that can serve as alternatives to antibiotics, and will also be safe for both people and the environment. In the present review article, additives were selected on basis that, according to studies conducted so far, may positively affect the microbiome of the digestive system by improving indicators and/or reducing methane production. Among them, probiotics, prebiotics or their combination—synbiotics are at the forefront of research. However, additives in the form of algae or plant origin are also gaining ground in popularity, such as essential oils, fermented wheat straw or Gelidium amansii, due to their general recognition as safe (GRAS) for both humans and environment.

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Biopolymers: A comprehensive review

Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.53022/oarjst.2022.4.1.0070 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 013-018

Author(s):

Mohini Chandrashekhar Upadhye ◽

Mohini Chetan Kuchekar ◽

Rohini Revansiddhappa Pujari ◽

Nutan Uttam Sable

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Industry ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Biological Systems ◽

Review Article ◽

Skin Care ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Green Nanotechnology ◽

Biological Sources ◽

Living Organisms

Biopolymers are compounds prepared by using various living organisms, including plants. These are composed of repeated units of the same or similar structure (monomers) linked together. Rubber, starch, cellulose, proteins and DNA, RNA, chitin, and peptides are some of the examples of natural biopolymers. Biopolymers are a diverse and remarkably versatile class of materials that are either produced by biological systems or synthesize from biological sources. Biopolymers are used in pharmaceutical industry and also in food industry.Naturally derived polymers are also used for conditioning benefits in hair and skin care. Biopolymers have various applications in medicine, food, packaging, and petroleum industries. This review article is focused on various aspects of biopolymers with a special emphasis on role of biopolymers in green nanotechnology and agriculture.

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DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALGORITHM AND MODEL FOR THE INFORMATION SYSTEM FUNCTIONING FOR A SMALL AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE

Modeling of systems and processes ◽

10.12737/2219-0767-2021-13-4-53-58 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

Tatyana Novikova ◽

Tat'yana Novikova ◽

A. Novikov

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Payback Period ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

World Population ◽

Small Enterprises ◽

Industrial Complex ◽

Software Products ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

Agricultural Enterprise ◽

System Functioning

Even ten years ago, agro-industrial enterprises were not attractive to investors due to the long payback period and a number of risks. However, with increasing world population and increased consumption, and growing demand for agricultural products that is crucial to the growth of production industries and enterprises makes agriculture attractive for investments. In the context of the dynamic development of the agro-industrial complex, the question arises about the informatization of enterprises that were close to bankruptcy not so long ago, but today are profitable and promising. And if there are powerful software products for large agricultural holdings, then small enterprises in the industry do not have software products that meet their needs. Thus, the proposed algorithm and model formed the basis of the developed software for a small agricultural enterprise.

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Properties of Carotenoids in Fish Fitness: A Review

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18110568 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 568

Author(s):

Toshiki Nakano ◽

Geert Wiegertjes

Keyword(s):

Egg Quality ◽

Fish Tissue ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Farmed Fish ◽

Natural Pigments ◽

Aquaculture Industry ◽

Low Levels ◽

Living Organisms

Carotenoids, one of the most common types of natural pigments, can influence the colors of living organisms. More than 750 kinds of carotenoids have been identified. Generally, carotenoids occur in organisms at low levels. However, the total amount of carotenoids in nature has been estimated to be more than 100 million tons. There are two major types of carotenoids: carotene (solely hydrocarbons that contain no oxygen) and xanthophyll (contains oxygen). Carotenoids are lipid-soluble pigments with conjugated double bonds that exhibit robust antioxidant activity. Many carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin (ASX), are known to improve the antioxidative state and immune system, resulting in providing disease resistance, growth performance, survival, and improved egg quality in farmed fish without exhibiting any cytotoxicity or side effects. ASX cooperatively and synergistically interacts with other antioxidants such as α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and glutathione located in the lipophilic hydrophobic compartments of fish tissue. Moreover, ASX can modulate gene expression accompanying alterations in signal transduction by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Hence, carotenoids could be used as chemotherapeutic supplements for farmed fish. Carotenoids are regarded as ecologically friendly functional feed additives in the aquaculture industry.

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Review article: Herbal extracts and organic acids as natural feed additives in pig diets

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v43i2.9 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

Author(s):

LB Costa ◽

FB Luciano ◽

VS Miyada ◽

FD Gois

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Review Article ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Herbal Extracts

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ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE AND DYNAMICS OF CROP PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA

Bulletin of Agrarian Science ◽

10.17238/issn2587-666x.2020.5.130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (86) ◽

pp. 130-137

Author(s):

M.V. Kivarina ◽

◽

N.N. Yurina ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preliminary Data ◽

Crop Production ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Industrial Complex ◽

Grain Production ◽

Current State ◽

Production Development ◽

The Cost

This article presents the results of the analysis of the current state of crop production in Russia, as well as the dynamics of the main indicators of the industry. Crop production occupies a position of primary importance in the agro-industrial complex of the country, since the cost of agricultural products in actual prices amounted to 5348.8 billion rubles in 2018 (according to preliminary data of 2019 – 5907.9 billion rubles), including crop production – 2756.1 billion rubles (3160.0 billion rubles – in 2019) or 51.5% (53.5% in 2019); the index of crop production – 98.5% (in 2019 – 106.1%). The gross grain harvest in 2018 amounted to 113.3 million tons; in the structure of grain production, the largest share belongs to wheat – 63.69% or 72.1 million tons, then barley – 15.00% (16.99 million tons), corn – 10.08% (11.4 million tons), oats – 4.17% (4.7 million tons), rye – 1.69% (1.9 million tons), rice – 0.92% (1.0 million tons), buckwheat – 0.82% (0.9 million tons) and other crops – 7.79% (8.8 million tons). The most favorable situation was with such technical crops as soy and rapeseed. In 2018, record harvests of soybeans and rapeseed were collected – 4026.8 and 1988.7 thousand tons, respectively. The volume of vegetable production in all categories of farms for the period 2014-2018 increased from 12821.02 to 13685.23 thousand tons; the yield and marketability of products also increased. The number of vegetables and melons per population was 76.18 % in 2018.

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The concept of priority development of the export of products of agro-industrial complex of Russia until 2024

10.12737/1023826 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ol'ga Elina

Keyword(s):

World Trade ◽

International Markets ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Development Model ◽

Industrial Complex ◽

State Support ◽

Research Opportunities ◽

Export Agriculture ◽

Wide Range ◽

Strategic Options

The book describes the development of resulting research opportunities and prospects of promoting the products of agro-industrial complex (AIC) of Russia in the international markets. The authors ' study showed that Russia continues to increase its place in world trade of agricultural products. Presents the author's concept of increasing exports of agricultural products to Russia to $ 45 billion by 2024, identified strategic options, and proposed development model of export agriculture, the expedience, methods and instruments of realization of measures of state support of export of agricultural products. For a wide range of readers interested in the development and export of the APC.

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