scholarly journals Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Nutraceuticals Greener Applications: The Cynara cardunculus Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13483
Author(s):  
Michele Borroni ◽  
Carlo Massimo Pozzi ◽  
Sara Daniotti ◽  
Fabiana Gatto ◽  
Ilaria Re
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Food Competition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Marginal Lands

Nutraceuticals are an ever-expanding market worldwide, facing the unstoppable transition towards a green economy. Developing economically feasible and sustainable alternatives to current raw materials for the extraction of nutraceuticals is, therefore, essential to reach these goals and, at the same time, achieve social and economic competitiveness. This paper intends to propose an economical and environmentally sustainable feedstock for chlorogenic acid (CGA) and inulin, whose current extraction from green coffee and chicory, respectively, is unsustainable. Our approach is based on the multi-criteria decision-making approach (MCDA), supported by the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), ranking the performance of competitor biomasses according to economic, social, and technological criteria. The results of this study highlight cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) as a promising raw material for the extraction of CGA and inulin in virtue of the high concentration, low-input growth regime, and the possibility of being grown on marginal lands. Nevertheless, cardoon biomass availability is currently scarce, extraction methods are underdeveloped, and consequently, the obtained product’s price is higher than the benchmark competitors. Policies and investments favoring sustainable cultivations could stimulate cardoon employment, linking economic advantages and land requalification while limiting phenomena such as desertification and food competition in the Mediterranean basin.

scholarly journals An Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to The Case Type Selection Problem

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1179-1188
Author(s):  
Tülay Korkusuz Polat
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Business enterprises need to show high performance in their industries in order to achieve a sustainable competition. This is not related only to individual performances, and each link on supply chain may have a considerable effect on business performance. Therefore, supply chain management is quite essential to the enterprises that supplier selection is one of its key elements to be run, and another is establishing the form of packaging before the supplier delivers the ordered raw materials. Raw material costs are influenced by the ability to determine such issues as packaging way, type of case, etc., and these factors are also important to maintain the quality of material. The aim of this study is to select the type of the case for raw materials to be placed in by the supplier, in the automobile industry with very intense competition. In order to solve this multi-criteria decision making problem, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), one of the multi-criteria decision making techniques, was used. Due to the ambiguity in several paired comparisons, the problem was also resolved using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP).

Anthocyanins: Chemical Properties and Health Benefits: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siraj Salman Mohammad ◽  
Renata Oliveira Santos ◽  
Maria Ivone Barbosa ◽  
José Lucena Barbosa Junior
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Food Processes ◽  
Shed Light

: Anthocyanins are widely spread in different kinds of food, especially fruits and floral tissues, there is an extensive range of anthocyanin compounds reach more than 600 exist in nature. Anthocyanins can be used as antioxidants and raw material for several applications in food and pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, a plenty of studies about anthocyanins sources and extraction methods were reported. Furthermore, many studies about their stability, bioactive and therapeutic properties have been done. According to the body of work, we firstly worked to shed light on anthocyanin properties including chemical, antioxidant and extraction properties. Secondly, we reported the applications and health benefits of anthocyanin including the applications in food processes and anthocyanin characteristics as therapeutic and prophylactic compounds. We reviewed anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-fatness, oxidative Stress and lipid decreasing and vasoprotective effects of anthocyanins. In conclusion, because the importance of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds the research is still continuing to find new anthocyanins from natural sources and invest them as raw materials in the pharmaceutical and nutrition applications.

scholarly journals A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Approach Using Hybrid SCOR Metrics, AHP, and TOPSIS for Supplier Evaluation and Selection in the Gas and Oil Industry

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Nan Wang ◽  
Ying-Fang Huang ◽  
I-Fang Cheng ◽  
Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Supplier Evaluation ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Ahp Model ◽  
Decision Making Unit ◽  
Stability And Accuracy

Suppliers are extremely important in business operations. The supplier ensures the supply of materials, raw materials, commodities, etc. in sufficient quantity, quality, stability, and accuracy to meet the requirements of production and business with low costs and on-time deliveries. Therefore, selecting and managing good suppliers is a prerequisite for organizing the production of quality products as desired, according to the schedule, and with reasonable prices and competitiveness in the market. It is also important to gain the support of suppliers in order to continue to improve and achieve more as a business. The evaluation and selection of a supplier is a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) issue, in which the decision-maker is faced with both qualitative and quantitative factors. In this research, the authors propose an MCDM model using a hybrid of Supply Chain Operations Reference metrics (SCOR metrics), the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model, and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach for supplier evaluation and selection in the gas and oil industry. Using literature reviews on SCOR metrics, all criteria that impact supplier selection are defined in the first stage, the AHP model is applied to determine the weight of each factor in the second stage, and the optimal supplier is presented in final stage using the TOPSIS model. As a result, Decision-Making Unit 5 (DMU-05) is found to be the best supplier for the gas and oil industry in this research. The contribution of this work is to propose a new hybrid MCDM model for supplier selection in the gas and oil industry. This research also introduces a useful tool for supplier selection in other industries.

scholarly journals THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL WASTE IN THE ISSUE OF GREEN ECONOMY OF THE REGIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Opara ◽  
Natalia Azarova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
State Of The Environment

Currently, an urgent issue is the preservation of the environment, the cyclical use of waste for the production of new products, the preservation and multiplication of the planet’s natural resources. After all, the quality of life of each person directly depends on the state of the environment and the factors that affect its preservation. These factors are an integral part of the development of a green economy. This article discusses the possibility of producing alternative energy sources, such as biofuels of three generations.The first generation is solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels. Second-generation fuel is obtained from the biomass of plant and animal material residues, or grown crops. As an example, such a type of fuel as biogas, which consists of carbon dioxide and methane, and with its further processing, namely the separation of carbon dioxide, you can get biomethane. In the same way, such fuels as biodiesel and bioethanol can be obtained from the biological mass. And the most unusual raw material for the production of third-generation fuel is biofuel from algae. Unfortunately, the development of the green economy in Russia is taking slow steps, but at present this issue is being paid more attention. The development of technologies for obtaining alternative energy sources will allow us to produce not only new types of energy, but also to preserve the environment of our priceless planet, through the use of raw materials and waste that are not in demand in everyday human life.

scholarly journals WEEE collection and CRM recovery trials: piloting a holistic approach for Scotland

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-718
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chain ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

<p>Re-Tek UK and its partners, Enscape Consulting and the University of West of Scotland commenced trials for the collection and recovery of critical raw materials from waste electrical and electronic (WEEE) products in July 2016. Sponsored by the EU LIFE funded project ‘Critical Raw Material Closed Loop Recovery’ coordinated by WRAP with EARN, ERP UK Ltd, KTN Ltd and Wuppertal Institute as beneficiaries. The trials are aimed at boosting the recovery of critical raw materials (CRMs) from household waste electrical and electronic products (WEEE) and Information Communications Technology (ICT) in particular, after functioning equipment is separated out for re-use. The new collection models provided residents with the opportunity to drop-off unwanted electrical and electronic appliances at a time and place that suits them, through a collaborative approach which encourages local authorities, educational establishments, businesses, and Social Enterprises, etc to act as hub sites. Hubs were designed to minimize product damage and encourage drop-off, rather than hoarding. Extraction methods developed after the collection phase of the trial looked at the opportunity to recover cobalt, gold and silver from ICT products, with the potential to inform how a more sustainable supply chain could be developed in Scotland. The elements studied were selected to demonstrate financial opportunity (gold/silver) and a strategic priority material (cobalt) for long term supply. These are based on bioleaching and electrochemical recovery using novel carbon based electrode systems, and chemical processing methods using extraction techniques with an assessment of pilot performance and scale up challenges. Our report is on the state of progress towards practical solutions to WEEE and CRM recovery.</p>

scholarly journals GREENHOUSE LOCATING BASED ON ANP-COPRAS-G METHODS – AN EMPIRICAL STUDY BASED ON IRAN

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Rezaeiniya ◽  
Sarfaraz Hashemkhani Zolfani ◽  
Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Problem ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Interdependent Relationships ◽  
Research Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of a location among alternative locations is a multi criteria decision-making problem including both quantitative and qualitative criteria. In this paper, we describe the research and development of hybrid MCDM methods for greenhouse locating. Selection of the most appropriate location for investor is an important problem which requires assessment and analysis of several factors. The paper clarifies the structure of important criteria in greenhouse locating. The six factors identified were: labor, government, environment, physical condition, regional economy and raw materials. In this research, analysis network process (ANP) is applied to find the relative weights among the criteria and to emphasize the interdependent relationships, thus increasing the accuracy of our results COPRAS-G method is applied to rank for five regions in Amol city, in Iran. This article can be a guideline for investors to select the best location for greenhouses.

scholarly journals Дослідження мінерального складу сланей пармелії перлинової

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Kyslychenko ◽  
V. V. Protska ◽  
I. O. Zhuravel
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Medicinal Plant Material ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Introduction. Parmelia perlata is a widespread lichen that belongs to the Parmeliaceae family. In Ayurvedic medicine thalli of Parmelia perlata are used for the treatment of a series of diseases of different genesis. Literature data contain information that the representatives of Parmeliaceae family show a wide spectrum of biological activity, in particular, possess anti-bacterial, cardiotonic, spasmolytic, antioxidant and other types of activity.The aim of the study – to learn the mineral composition of parmelia perlata thalli of Kazakh and Russian production.Materials and Methods. For the study of the composition of micro- and macroelements by the atomic-absorption spectroscopy method Parmelia perlata thalli of Kazakh and Russian production were used.Results and Discussion. As a result of the study the content of 19 mineral elements in Parmelia perlata thalli of Kazakh and Russian production was determined. The dominating elements in both studied objects were calcium and silicon. The content of calcium in the raw material of Kazakh production comprised 2270.00 μg/100 g, and in the raw material of Russian production – 1938.00 μg/100 g. The content of silicon in the raw materials studied comprised 1815.00 μg/100 g and 1619.00 μg/100 g respectively. The content of iron and magnesium in both samples was almost identical, while the content of sodium and potassium in the raw material of Russian production was 1.5 times higher than in the raw material of Kazakh production. Both samples were found to accumulate magnesium and zinc in quite high concentration. The content of heavy metals in both raw material samples was within the limit of maximum permissible concentration for medicinal plant material and food products according to the requirements of the current legislation.Conclusions. The obtained results can be used at working out medicines on the basis of Parmelia perlata thalli and the quality control methods for the raw material.

scholarly journals SISTEM PENGENDALIAN PEMESANAN BAHAN BAKU SUSU BUBUK SERTA KEBIJAKANNYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deden Jaelani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Control System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Order ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Company Policy ◽  
One Year ◽  
Optimal Ordering

Formula milk production companies are faced with an optimal ordering control system. The availability of raw materials is a measure of the performance of the ordering system at a low cost. This research was conducted to determine the optimal order point with a minimum ordering cost. Ordering decision making is considered from company policy because of the budget. The results of this study indicate that the frequency of purchasing raw materials is 9 times the purchase of raw materials in one year period, 12 times a year of policy. The total purchase of raw material inventories was Rp. 48,671,774, and the policy was Rp. 50,765,157.35 per year. The savings in ordering costs amounted to Rp. 2,093,383.35. The reorder point is 5,634 pcs.

scholarly journals Biodiesel I: Historical background, present and future production and standards - professional paper

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Skala ◽  
Sandra Glisic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Future Production

Biodiesel is defined as a fuel which may be used as pure biofuel or at high concentration in mineral oil derivatives, in accordance with specific quality standards for transport applications. The main raw material used for biodiesel production is rapeseed, which contains mono-unsaturated acids (about 60%) and also poly-unsaturated fatty acids (C 18:1 and C 18:3) in a lower quantity, as well as some undesired saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids). Other raw materials have also been used in research and the industrial production of biodiesel (palm oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, waste plant oil, animal fats, etc). The historical background of biodiesel production, installed industrial capacities, as well as the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council (May 2003) regarding the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport are discussed in the first part of this article. The second part focuses on some new concepts for the future development of technology for biodiesel production, based on the application of non-catalytic transesterification under supercritical conditions or the use of lipases as an alternative catalyst for this reaction.

Effect of Cement Raw Material and Oxygen Concentration on SNCR Reaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 913 ◽  
pp. 969-975
Author(s):  
Ya Li Wang ◽  
Li Nan ◽  
Si Yu Peng ◽  
Yun Ning Zhang ◽  
Mei Na Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Denitration Rate ◽  
Cement Raw Material

As the selective non-catalytic reduction denitration(SNCR denitration) was used in cement decomposition furnaces under the high concentration cement raw materials and complex flue gas composition , the denitration efficiency is poor and the reducing agent is largely consumed.In order to meet the more stricter requirements of environmental protection, there is an urgent need to improve the denitration efficiency of SNCR and reduce the escape of reducing agentsin order to prevent the unnecessary waste caused by excessive use of reducing agents and secondary atmospheric pollution.Therefore, studying the effect of cement raw materials and O2 concentration on SNCR process is very important. In this paper, the initial concentration of NO and the ammonium to nitrogen ration (CNH3/CNO) was 800ppm and 1.5, respectively. The effects of cement raw material and oxygen concentration on the reaction process of NH3+NO+O2 in the temperature range of 750°C -1100°C were investigated by means of denitration rate, in Situ DRIFTS analysis.The results demonstrate when O2 concentration was 5% and denitration temperature was 950°C, the deNOx rate reached a maximum of 89.64%, which due to O2 promoted NH3 and NO to react with O2 to produce N2 and H2O. However,under the effect of cement raw material, O2 can promote NH3 which was adsorbed on the surface of cement raw material to react with O2 and produce NO and H2O, and the reaction of oxidation of NH3 is dominant, therefore, the denitration reaction is inhibited. .When O2 concentration was 5% and temperature was 850°C, the deNOx rate reached a minimum value of -109.09%. the high concentration cement raw material and flue gas composition reduce the denitration efficiency of cement kiln.

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