scholarly journals Astaxanthin Protects OTA-Induced Lung Injury in Mice through the Nrf2/NF-κB Pathway

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixiang Xu ◽  
Mingyang Wang ◽  
Gengyuan Cui ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Danyang Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Factor Α

The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential protective mechanism of astaxanthin (ASTA) against oxidative damage and inflammation caused by ochratoxin (OTA) in mouse lung. We divided mice into a control group (CG), an OTA group (PG), an astaxanthin group (AG), and an OTA+ASTA group (JG). Oxidative indices (malondialdehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH)) and inflammatory markers (interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)) were assayed in the lung, and the lung-weight-to-body-weight ratio was calculated. Apoptosis was detected in pathological sections by the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Oxidative damage and inflammation were detected in the lung of mice after exposure to OTA. Besides, Nrf2- and NF-κB-pathway-associated proteins were detected by Western blot. In contrast with OTA, ASTA significantly raised the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and MnSOD, while the expression of other proteins (Keap1, TLR4, and NF-κB) was significantly decreased. These results indicate that ASTA exerted protective effects against OTA-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the lung by regulating the Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways.

scholarly journals Cellular and Molecular Evidence of Acetaldehyde Elimination and Intracellular Environment Antioxidation by L-Cysteine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zhenjing Li ◽  
Xiaohong Zhang ◽  
Yibin Xue ◽  
Jingkai Zhang ◽  
Meiling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
Dose Dependent

Acetaldehyde is a harmful metabolite of smoking and drinking. This study was initially intended to facilitate the understanding of the possible injury mechanism of A549 cells damaged by acetaldehyde and the possible protective mechanism of L-cysteine (L-Cys) by analyzing the oxidative damage indicators, as well as the changes in cell morphology and gene expression. Results from the dithiodimorpholine nitrobenzoic acid colorimetric determination for glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in L-Cys groups were significantly higher (P<0.01) than those in the acetaldehyde group in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) mRNA was significantly reduced compared with the control group (P<0.01) and was noticeably restored in the L-Cys groups. Scanning electronic microscopy observation, DAPI staining, and flow cytometry also indicated that L-Cys could effectively attenuate the oxidative damage to A549 cells caused by acetaldehyde and reduces the rate of apoptosis. In conclusion, the protective effects of L-Cys on A549 cells against oxidative damage by acetaldehyde were dose-dependent within the range of 10 μmol/L to 160 μmol/L. Acetaldehyde damaged the mitochondria and resulted in the apoptosis of A549 cells by reactive oxygen species (ROS), e.g., free radicals, but L-Cys reversed the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, reduced the rate of apoptosis, and protected cells from ROS and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Protective effects of emodin on lung injuries in rat models of liver fibrosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 611-618
Author(s):  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Huiying Zhang ◽  
Limin Wang ◽  
Yimin Fan ◽  
Cuiying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
Weight Coefficients

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of emodin (EMD) on the lung injuries in the rat models of liver fibrosis.MethodsLiver fibrosis was established in rats and the effect of intervention using EMD treatment was determined. Liver and lung weight coefficients were measured and lung content of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α), MDA (malondialdehyde), NO (nitric oxide), and ONOO- (peroxynitrite) were determined. Finally, histopathological changes were evaluated.ResultsCompared with the normal control group, the lung weight coefficient was significantly increased in the fibrosis model group. Moreover, pulmonary edema and inflammatory responses were observed. Levels of TNF-α, MDA, NO, and ONOO- in the lung homogenate were significantly increased in the fibrosis model group. After EMD treatment, the lung weight coefficients were significantly reduced. Moreover, pathological changes in the lung tissue were dramatically alleviated. Levels of TNF-α, MDA, NO, and ONOO- were significantly decreased.ConclusionEMD exhibits protective effects against lung injuries in a rat model of liver fibrosis.

The protective effect of chrysin against carbon tetrachloride-induced kidney and liver tissue damage in rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Gul Baykalir ◽  
Aslihan Sur Arslan ◽  
Seda Iflazoglu Mutlu ◽  
Tuba Parlak Ak ◽  
Ismail Seven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of chrysin on oxidative status and histological alterations against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver and kidney tissue in rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups; the control, chrysin (100 mg/kg), CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg) and chrysin + CCl4 groups. Liver and kidney injuries were assessed by biochemical and histopathological examinations. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in tissues. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine levels were also measured in blood samples. MDA, serum TNF-α, AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine levels (p < 0.05) were significantly higher, and SOD activity and GSH level were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the CCl4 group than in the control group. Treatment with chrysin in the chrysin + CCl4 group decreased MDA, AST, ALT, creatinine, and TNF-α levels (p < 0.05), and increased SOD activity, GSH levels (p < 0.05), and serum TNF-α levels (p < 0.05). In addition, body weight change (BWC) (p < 0.05) and feed intake (FI) were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the CCl4 group than in the control group. Moreover, treatment with chrysin increased BWC and FI in the chrysin + CCl4 group compared with that in the CCl4 group. These findings also confirmed by histopathological examination. The chrysin treatment ameliorated the CCl4-induced biochemical and pathological alterations. These results demonstrated that chrysin provided amelioration on the rat liver and kidney tissues CCl4-induced injury by increasing the antioxidant activity.

THE POTENTIAL MODULATORY EFFECT OF RUTIN ON TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES-INDUCED RENAL INJURY IN MALE MICE

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
HEBA A. M. MOUSA
Keyword(s):  
Renal Injury ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of rutin in management of TiO2NPs-induced renal injury in mice. Methods: Forty male Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=10). Group (I) served as a control group, group (II) received 100 mg/kg body weight (b. wt) of rutin (orally), group (III) received 70 mg/kg b. wt of TiO2NPs,injected intraperitoneally (i. p.), Group (IV) received 70 mg/kg b. wt of TiO2NPs plus 100 mg/kg b. wt of rutin; for 14 successive days. The renal toxicity was determined through evaluating the renal function biomarkers (serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathion (GSH), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-α, B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-2 and caspase-3 in renal tissues. Results: Administration of TiO2NPs plus rutin prevented the deleterious effect of TiO2NPs on mice kidneys through improving the renal functions, and alleviating the increase in MDA, NF-kB, TNF-α, and caspase-3 levels, as well as the decrease in GSH andBCL-2 levels, in renal tissues. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggested that rutin plays a role in alleviating TiO2NPs-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and exerts renal protective effects.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus plantarum B7 attenuates Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice: preclinical study in vitro and in vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwaporn Wongsen ◽  
Duangporn Werawatganon ◽  
Somying Tumwasorn
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract Background Salmonella typhimurium is a cause of gastroenteritis including diarrhea. Lactobacillus plantarum is a probiotic widely used to prevent and treat diarrhea. Objectives To determine the protective effects of L. plantarum B7 on diarrhea in mice induced by S. typhimurium. Methods Inhibition of S. typhimurium growth by L. plantarum B7 was determined using an agar spot method. Mice were divided into 3 groups (n = 8 each): a control group, an S group administered 3 × 109 CFU/mL S. typhimurium, and an S + LP group administered 1 × 109 CFU/mL L. plantarum B7 and 3 × 109 CFU/mL S. typhimurium daily for 3 days. Counts of S. typhimurium and percentage of fecal moisture content (%FMC) were determined from stool samples. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and CXCL1 were determined. Results L. plantarum B7 produced a clear zone on S. typhimurium. There were significantly less S. typhimurium in the feces from mice in the S+LP group than in the S group. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and CXCL1 in mice from the S group were significantly higher than levels in the S+LP and control groups. Feces from mice in the S group were soft and loose, whereas in the S+LP group they were hard and rod shaped. The %FMC in the S+LP group was significantly less than in the S group. Conclusions L. plantarum B7 can inhibit growth of S. typhimurium, decrease levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and attenuate symptoms of diarrhea induced in mice by S. typhimurium.

scholarly journals The Effects of Rice Husk Liquid Smoke in Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresia Indah Budhy ◽  
Ira Arundina ◽  
Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo ◽  
Anisa Nur Halimah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proliferation Markers ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of rice husk liquid smoke in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis in the inflammatory and proliferation marker such as nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), collagen type 1 (COL-1) expression, and the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts. Materials and Methods Rice husk liquid smoke is obtained by the pyrolysis process. Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis in 20 μL phosphate-buffered saline containing 1 × 109 CFU was injected into the lower anterior gingival sulcus of Wistar rats. The periodontitis was then treated with 20 μL/20 g body weight of rice husk liquid smoke once a day for 2 and 7 days, respectively. After treatment, the bone and lower anterior gingival sulcus were analyzed with immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin–eosin staining. Results The treatment of periodontitis with rice husk liquid smoke showed a lower NF-kB, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression and a higher TGF-β, FGF2, and COL-1 expression than the control after treatment for 2 and 7 days (p < 0.05), respectively. The number of macrophages and fibroblasts was also higher when compared with the control group (p < 0.05), but the number of lymphocytes was lower than the control (p < 0.05). Conclusion Rice husk liquid smoke showed its effects on Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis with a decrease in inflammatory markers and an increase in proliferation markers. The development of a rice husk liquid smoke periodontitis treatment is promising.

scholarly journals Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α -308G>A, -238G>A and -376G>A polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy loss risk in the Greek population

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofoklis Stavros ◽  
Despoina Mavrogianni ◽  
Myrto Papamentzelopoulou ◽  
Evaggelos Basamakis ◽  
Hend Khudeir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Greek Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Promoter region SNPs in TNF-α have been studied in association with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) occurrence in various populations. Among them, −238G > A, −308G > A and − 376G > A have been frequently investigated for their potential role in recurrent abortions. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the correlation among TNF-α 238, TNF-α 308 and TNF-α 376 polymorphisms and recurrent pregnancy loss risk in Greek women. Methods This study included 94 Caucasian women with at least two miscarriages of unexplained aetiology, before the 20th week of gestation. The control group consisted of 89 Caucasian women of proven fertility, with no history of pregnancy loss. DNA samples were subjected to PCR amplification using specific primers. Sanger sequencing was applied to investigate the presence of TNF-α 238, TNF-α 308, TNF-α 376 polymorphisms in all samples. Results The TNF-α 238 and TNF-α 308 variants were both detected in RPL and control groups (7.45% vs 4.49 and 45.16% vs 36.73%, respectively), but with no statistically significant association (p-value 0.396 and 0.374, respectively). The TNF-α 376 variant was not detected at all in both control and RPL groups. When TNF-α 238 and TNF-α 308 genotypes were combined no association with RPL was detected (p-value = 0.694). In subgroup analysis by parity, RPL patients carrying the A allele reported less previous births. Conclusions This is the first study demonstrating TNF-α 238 and TNF-α 308 gene expression and the absence of TNF-α 376 variant in Greek women with RPL. However, no association emerged between each polymorphism studied and the occurrence of recurrent pregnancy loss. Accordingly, TNF-α -308G > A, −238G > A and -376G > A variants are not considered genetic markers for identifying women at increased risk of recurrent pregnancy loss in the Greek population.

Effect of Curculigo orchioides on Reflux Esophagitis by Suppressing Proinflammatory Cytokines

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (06) ◽  
pp. 1241-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae-Kang Ku ◽  
Jae-Soo Kim ◽  
Young-Bae Seo ◽  
Yong-Ung Kim ◽  
Seung-Lark Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reflux Esophagitis ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Esophageal Mucosa ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Curculigo Orchioides ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Tnf Α

This study was performed to investigate effects of Curculigo orchioides rhizome (curculiginis rhizome) on acute reflux esophigitis (RE) in rats that are induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation operation. Proinflammatory cytokine, as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were all assayed and the expression of TNF-α and COX2 analyzed by RT-PCR. The esophagic tissue damage of reflux esophagitis rat was increased compared to that of normal intact group. However, the esophagic damage percentage from the extract of curculiginis rhizoma (ECR) 600 mg/kg and ECR 300 mg/kg were significantly lower than that of the RE control group. Administration of α-tocopherol (30 mg/kg) and ECR (600 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg) had a significant effect on the gastric acid pH in rats with induced reflux esophagitis (p < 0.05). The treatment with ECR significantly reduced the production of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels compared to the model group (p < 0.05). The expression of TNF-α and COX2 in the intact esophageal mucosa was low while those of the RE control group were significantly higher due to an inflammatory reaction in the esophagus. Compare to the model group, treatment with α-tocopherol or ECR significantly inhibited the expression levels of COX2 and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory and protective effects of ECR could attenuate the severity of reflux esophagitis and prevent esophageal mucosal damage.

scholarly journals The Immuno modulatory Changes of Patients with Tuberculosis.

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafal J Al-Saigh ◽  
Hussam Al-Humadi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Versus ◽  
Factor Α

Tuberculosis(TB) is aninfectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aim was to investigate the levels of immunomodulatory markers like interluekin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrotizing factor-α (TNF- α),cell differentiation-4 (CD4) and CD8 levels in those patients with active tuberculosis (TB) disease in comparison with control group. 41 Adults diagnosed with TB were included in comparison to 32 healthy individuals at Babylon health center for pulmonary diseases and TB. Descriptive data for patients and control group werecollected by well-trained researcher following a structured questionnaire. In parallel, peripheral blood collected to determine IL-6, TNF- α,CD4 and CD8. Then the assessment for the association between clinical and descriptive data and immunomodulatory markers levels was investigated statistically. The majority of TB patients were males (56%) and 71% were resident in rural areas; 47% of them were living in middle socioeconomic state,moreover,47% of TB cases had diabetes,furthermore,51% had chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases,12% had hypertension and 39% of them had chronic anemia with 47% smokers with no significant difference versus control. Following to that,there was highly increased in IL-6 and TNF-α levels in TB patients versus control (P<0.001),with low CD4 level versus control (P<0.001). While there was no significant change shown in CD8 levels versus control and this might highly be correlated with 30% of abnormal liver function tests among TB patients. A high proportion of TB patients have low CD4 level mostly associated with active disease. Moreover,the increase of IL-6 and TNF-α levels suggests a inverse impact on CD4 level which closely associated with the outcome of the disease.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Protective Mechanism of Glycyrrhinic Acid for Deoxynivalenol-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in IPEC-J2 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiang Xu ◽  
Guorong Yan ◽  
Juan Chang ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Qingqiang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Release ◽  
Tnf Α

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin that frequently contaminates human food and animal feed, resulting in intestinal diseases and systemic immunosuppression. Glycyrrhinic acid (GA) exhibits various pharmacological activities. To investigate the protective mechanism of GA for DON-induced inflammation and apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells, RNA-seq analysis was used in the current study. The IPEC-J2 cells were treated with the control group (CON), 0.5 μg/mL DON, 400 μg/mL GA, and 400 μg/mL GA+0.5 μg/mL DON (GAD) for 6 h. Results showed that 0.5 μg/mL DON exposure for 6 h could induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells. GA addition could specifically promote the proliferation of DON-induced IPEC-J2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, GA addition significantly increased Bcl-2 gene expression ( P < 0.05 ) and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities ( P < 0.01 ) and decreased lactate dehydrogenase release, the contents of malonaldehyde, IL-8, and NF-κB ( P < 0.05 ), the relative mRNA abundances of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, COX-2, NF-κB, Bax, and caspase 3 ( P < 0.01 ), and the protein expressions of Bax and TNF-α. Moreover, a total of 1576, 289, 1398, and 154 differentially expressed genes were identified in CON vs. DON, CON vs. GA, CON vs. GAD, and DON vs. GAD, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed that MAPK, TNF, and NF-κB signaling pathways and some chemokines played significant roles in the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis induced by DON. GA may alleviate DON cytotoxicity via the TNF signaling pathway by downregulating IL-15, CCL5, and other gene expressions. These results indicated that GA could alleviate DON-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis via the TNF signaling pathway in IPEC-J2 cells.

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