From Waste to Biosorbent: Removal of Congo Red from Water by Waste Wood Biomass

The aim of the study was to screen the waste wood biomass of 10 wood species as biosorbents for synthetic dye Congo Red (CR) removal from water and to single out the most efficient species for further batch biosorption experiments. Euroamerican poplar (EP), the most efficient species achieving 71.8% CR removal and biosorption capacity of 3.3 mg g−1, was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Different factors affecting the biosorption process were investigated: initial biosorbent concentration (1–10 g dm−3), contact time (5–360 min), initial CR concentration (10–100 mg dm−3), and the initial pH (pH = 4–9). The results showed that CR removal efficiency increased with the increase of biosorbent concentration and contact time. Increase of initial CR concentration led to an increase of the biosorption capacity, but also a decrease of CR removal efficiency. The highest CR removal efficiency was achieved at pH = 4, while at pH = 9 a significant decrease was noticed. The percentage of CR removal from synthetic wastewater was 18.6% higher than from model CR solution. The Langmuir model fitted well the biosorption data, with the maximum biosorption capacity of 8 mg g−1. The kinetics data were found to conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model.

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Optimization of Congo red dye adsorption from wastewater by a modified commercial zeolite catalyst using response surface modeling approach

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2021.078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 83 (6) ◽

pp. 1369-1383

Author(s):

Intisar Hussain Khalaf ◽

Farah Talib Al-Sudani ◽

Adnan A. AbdulRazak ◽

Tahani Aldahri ◽

Sohrab Rohani

Keyword(s):

Ionic Strength ◽

Response Surface ◽

Congo Red ◽

Contact Time ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Second Order ◽

Zeolite A ◽

Cr Concentration ◽

Adsorbent Dose ◽

Adsorbent Capacity

Abstract In the present work, Zeolite A was modified by using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMABr) for adsorption of the Congo red (CR) dye from synthetic aqueous solutions. The Modified Zeolite A (MZA) was characterized by XRD, SEM, and FTIR. The influence of solution pH (in the 4–12 range), ionic strength (0.1–1 M), contact time (180 min), initial CR concentration (20–60 mg/L), temperature (24–36 °C), and an adsorbent dose (1–3 g m/L) on the % dye removal and adsorbent capacity were studied. A combined effect of the initial CR concentration and temperature on the CR removal % by MZA was also studied by applying response surface methodology (RSM). Experimental values were in a good agreement with those predicated by a second-order quartic model. A maximum of 99.24% dye removal and adsorbent capacity of 21.11 mg/g was achieved under the following conditions: pH = 7, initial CR concentration = 60 mg/L, temperature = 24 °C, ionic strength = 0.1 M, adsorbent dose = 3 g/L and 90 min contact time. The equilibrium data were subjected to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms, with the latter providing the best fit while kinetic adsorption studies were conducted by applying three models. The results indicated that the removal process was best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The present study demonstrates that modified MZA can be utilized for the highly efficient CR dye removal.

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Utilization of Cactus Peel as Biosorbent for the Removal of Reactive Dyes from Textile Dye Effluents

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2020/5383842 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Mebrahtu Gebrezgiher ◽

Zebene Kiflie

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Contact Time ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Textile Dye ◽

Order Model ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Biosorption Process ◽

Good Potential ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Red Dye

Textile industries generate large quantities of dye containing wastewater which pose a serious environmental problem. Currently, biosorbents have become desirable for the removal of dyes from textile effluents. In this study, batch experiments were conducted to investigate the biosorption characteristics of cactus peel on the removal of reactive red dye from aqueous solutions. The effects of solution pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration were studied. The interaction effects of process variables were analysed using response surface methodology. The results showed that removal efficiency increased as initial dye concentration and solution pH decreased and as biosorbent dosage and contact time increased. The highest removal efficiency (99.43%) was achieved at solution pH, initial dye concentration, biosorbent dose, and contact time of 3.0, 40 mg/l, 6 g, and 120 min, respectively. From regression analysis, the Langmuir isotherm was found to better (R2 = 0.9935) represent the biosorption process as compared with the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.9722). Similarly, the pseudo-second-order model was seen to represent very well the biosorption kinetics. The results show that cactus peel has good potential for the removal of reactive red dye.

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Removal of chromium from synthetic wastewater by adsorption onto Ethiopian low-cost Odaracha adsorbent

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-020-01310-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Yohanis Birhanu ◽

Seyoum Leta ◽

Getachew Adam

Keyword(s):

Contact Time ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Green Technology ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cr Concentration ◽

Adsorbent Dose

AbstractNowadays, Cr-loaded wastewater released from industrial activities pose an increasing risk to human health and the environment. Adsorption processes have been widely used for the removal of chromium from the waste stream. In this regard, natural adsorbents are the most preferable and cost-effective methods. In this study, the efficiency of Odaracha adsorbent as a novel green technology in the removal of chromium from synthetic wastewater is analyzed. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration of adsorbate on Cr removal. The surface morphology of Odaracha adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. Experimental results showed that Odaracha adsorbent could perform effectively in a wide range of experimental conditions. However, in optimum experimental conditions, such as 180-min contact time, pH 3, and 15 g/L of adsorbent dose Odaracha adsorbent removes 94.68% of Cr from an aqueous solution having 110 mg/L of Cr concentration.

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Biosorption of Copper(II) and Iron(II) using Spent Mushroom Compost as Biosorbent

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac126.77757786 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 7775-7786

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Contact Time ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Heavy Metal Concentration ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Mushroom Compost ◽

Spent Mushroom Compost ◽

Biosorption Process ◽

Langmuir Isotherm Model

The application of the biosorption process and agricultural waste to treat heavy metals has drawn much attention. This method seems to be a more economical, environmentally friendly, and simple way for removing heavy metals from effluents. The study was conducted to explore the efficiency of the biosorption process utilizing spent mushroom compost to remove copper (II) and iron (II) from synthetic wastewater. Biosorption studies at different operating parameters, such as biosorbent dosage (1.0 – 5.0 g), pH (pH 4 – 8), contact time (1 - 30 minutes), and initial heavy metal concentration (10 - 100 mg/L), were conducted in batch experiments. The highest performance for copper (II) and iron (II) biosorption was found at 5.0 g biosorbent dosage of spent mushroom compost, unadjusted pH 6, 10 minutes of contact time, and 10 mg/L of initial concentration. The study was well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.95) for copper (II) and iron (II) biosorption, which are much greater compared to the Freundlich model. The study is also very well suited to the pseudo-second-order (R2 > 0.999) than the pseudo-first-order kinetic models. In conclusion, the spent mushroom compost has the potential to be an effective biosorbent for removing copper (II) and iron (II) from synthetic wastewater.

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Removal of Excessive Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Urban Wastewater Using Local Microalgal Bloom

Journal of Engineering Science ◽

10.3329/jes.v12i3.57476 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 19-27

Author(s):

Sumaiya Nusrat Chaitee ◽

Rudra Protap Biswas ◽

Md Imran Kabir

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Organic Content ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Secondary Effluent ◽

Urban Wastewater ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Blue Green Algae ◽

Freundlich Isotherms ◽

Biosorption Process

The organic content from urban wastewater is treated with various conventional processes efficiently. However, for biological treatment of secondary effluent containing excessive inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, microalgae can be used. In this study, algal strains have been collected from locally available natural blooms and cultured in a BG-11 medium. Spirulina sp., the blue-green algae, dominant over the other species within the natural bloom, is applied in ten different dosages (0.2-2.5 g/L) to the synthetic wastewater with a 3-day hydraulic retention time. The removal efficiency of nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate have been observed to be about 60%, 30%, and 54% respectively. The highest removal efficiency has been found at 2.5 g/L of microalgae dose. Linear forms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms have been used for biosorption modeling, and both isotherms fit well with R2>60% and NRMSE<11% in all cases. Additionally, the separation factor and the adsorption intensity represent the favorability of the biosorption process. Journal of Engineering Science 12(3), 2021, 19-27

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Pemanfaatan Cangkang Pensi (Corbicula Moltkiana) sebagai Bahan Penyerap Zat Warna Rhodamin B Dalam Larutan

Talenta Conference Series Science and Technology (ST) ◽

10.32734/st.v2i2.500 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rahmiana Zein ◽

Mutia Khuratul Aini ◽

Hermansyah Aziz

Keyword(s):

Rhodamine B ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Spectra Analysis ◽

Biosorption Capacity ◽

Biosorption Process ◽

Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Cationic Exchange ◽

Rhodamin B ◽

Model Isotherm

Biosorpsi zat warna Rhodamine B menggunakan cangkang Pensi (Corbicula moltkiana) telah dikaji. Percobaan dilakukan dengan system batch guna memperoleh kondisi optimum biosorspi zat warna. Kapasitas biosorpsi zat warna pada pH 2 adalah 0.9958 mg/g, dengan konsentrasi larutan mula-mula 150 mg/L waktu kontak 105 menit, massa biosorben 0.1 g, ukuran partikel 32 µm dan temperature pengeringan biosorben pada 75oC. Model isotherm Langmuir menunjukkan bahwa proses penyerapan berlangsung secara kimia dan biosorpsi homogeny dari adsorbat (Rhodamine B) pada permukaan biosorben membentuk lapisan tunggal dengan nilai R2 0.9966. Analisis XRF menunjukkan bahwa penurunan kadar unsur logam pada cangkang Pensi membuktikan bahwa proses biosorpsi berlangsung dengan pertukaran kation. Hasil analisis spektrum FT-IR membuktikan adanya interaksi antaramolekul Rhodamin B dengan gugus fungsi pada cangkang Pensi. Analisis dengan SEM memperlihatkan bahwa pori-pori cangkang Pensi telah terisi penuh oleh molekul Rhodamin B. Kondisi optimum biosorpsi telah diaplikasikan pada limbah kerupuk merah dengan kapasitas penyerapan sebesar 0,2835 mg/g. The biosorption of Rhodamine B dyes by Pensi (Corbicula moltkiana) shell has been investigated. The experiment was conducted in batch sistem in order to obtain the optimum conditions of dye biosorption. Biosorption capacity of dye was 0.9958 mg/g at pH 2, initial concentration 150 mg/L, contact time 105 minutes, biosorbent mass 0.1 gram, particle size 32 µ m and biosorbent drying temperature was at 75oC. The Langmuir Isotherm model showed chemisorption and homogeneous biosorption process of adsorbates onto the biosorbent surface formed monolayer dye molecules on the biosorbent surface with R2 value was 0.9966. XRF analysis showed that reduction of metals unsure quantity of pensi shell indicated biosorption process was occupied through cationic exchange. The result of FTIR spectra analysis indicated an interaction between Rhodamin B molecules and functional group of pensi shell. SEM analysis showed that the pensi shell pores were completely filled by Rhodamine B molecules. The optimum condition of biosorption has been aplicated in red chips wastewater industry with biosorption capacity was 0.2835 mg/g.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia ◽

10.2174/2210681210999200728123043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽

Karthikeyan S. ◽

Arun C.

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Solid Acid ◽

Solid Acid Catalyst ◽

Acid Catalyst ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Wood Biomass ◽

Waste Wood ◽

X Ray ◽

Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

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Utilisation of Biomass and Hybrid Biochar from Elephant Grass and Low Density Polyethylene for the Competitive Adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) from Aqueous Media

Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering) ◽

10.2174/2405520413999201117143926 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua O. Ighalo ◽

Lois T. Arowoyele ◽

Samuel Ogunniyi ◽

Comfort A. Adeyanju ◽

Folasade M. Oladipo-Emmanuel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Contact Time ◽

Competitive Adsorption ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Elephant Grass

Background: The presence of pollutants in polluted water is not singularized hence pollutant species are constantly in competition for active sites during the adsorption process. A key advantage of competitive adsorption studies is that it informs on the adsorbent performance in real water treatment applications. Objective: This study aims to investigate the competitive adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) using elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) biochar and hybrid biochar from LDPE. Method: The produced biochar was characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The effect of adsorption parameters, equilibrium isotherm modelling and parametric studies were conducted based on data from the batch adsorption experiments. Results: For both adsorbents, the removal efficiency was >99% over the domain of the entire investigation for dosage and contact time suggesting that they are very efficient for removing multiple heavy metals from aqueous media. It was observed that removal efficiency was optimal at 2 g/l dosage and contact time of 20 minutes for both adsorbent types. The Elovich isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetic models were best-fit for the competitive adsorption process. Conclusion: The study was able to successfully reveal that biomass biochar from elephant grass and hybrid biochar from LDPE can be used as effective adsorbent material for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous media. This study bears a positive implication for environmental protection and solid waste management.

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Removal of Methylene Blue and Congo Red Using Adsorptive Membrane Impregnated with Dried Ulva fasciata and Sargassum dentifolium

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020384 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 384

Author(s):

Ahmed Labena ◽

Ahmed E. Abdelhamid ◽

Abeer S. Amin ◽

Shimaa Husien ◽

Liqaa Hamid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Congo Red ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Composite Membranes ◽

Acrylic Fiber ◽

Ulva Fasciata ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Sorption Time

Biosorption is a bioremediation approach for the removal of harmful dyes from industrial effluents using biological materials. This study investigated Methylene blue (M. blue) and Congo red (C. red) biosorption from model aqueous solutions by two marine macro-algae, Ulva fasciata and Sargassum dentifolium, incorporated within acrylic fiber waste to form composite membranes, Acrylic fiber-U. fasciata (AF-U) and Acrylic fiber-S. dentifolium (AF-S), respectively. The adsorption process was designed to more easily achieve the 3R process, i.e., removal, recovery, and reuse. The process of optimization was implemented through one factor at a time (OFAT) experiments, followed by a factorial design experiment to achieve the highest dye removal efficiency. Furthermore, isotherm and kinetics studies were undertaken to determine the reaction nature. FT-IR and SEM analyses were performed to investigate the properties of the membrane. The AF-U membrane showed a significant dye removal efficiency, of 88.9% for 100 ppm M. blue conc. and 79.6% for 50 ppm C. red conc. after 240 min sorption time. AF-S recorded a sorption capacity of 82.1% for 100 ppm M. blue conc. after 30 min sorption time and 85% for 100 ppm C. red conc. after 240 min contact time. The membranes were successfully applied in the 3Rs process, in which it was found that the membranes could be used for five cycles of the removal process with stable efficiency.

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