scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Irrigation Efficiency Projects on Return Flows in the South-Eastern Murray–Darling Basin, Australia

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1366
Author(s):  
Glen R. Walker ◽  
Avril C. Horne ◽  
Quan J. Wang ◽  
Rob Rendell
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Modeling ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Return Flows ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Improving irrigation efficiency (IE) is an approach used globally to help meet competing demands for water and facilitate reallocation of water between sectors. In the Murray–Darling Basin in Australia, the Australian government has invested heavily in IE projects to recover water for the environment. However, this approach has been seriously questioned, out of concerns that improved IE would reduce irrigation return flows to rivers and therefore offset water recovery. In this study, we use a water balance model to assess the impact of the IE projects on return flows and highlight sensitivities and uncertainties. The model enables the impact on return flows to be assessed on specific IE projects and regional characteristics. Overall, reductions in return flows are estimated to be less than 20% of the total proposed IE savings. The history of IE in the southern MDB has meant that most of the current reductions are in ground return flows. Our estimate is much lower than two previous studies, mainly due to different assumptions being used on groundwater connectivity between irrigation areas and major streams. While the IE projects significantly reduce seepage to groundwater (with off-farm and on-farm projects reducing seepage by 19% and 53% of total savings respectively), not all seepage reductions will translate to a reduction in ground return flows to rivers. A lower estimate is consistent with existing monitoring and groundwater modeling studies. In this paper, the study results are discussed in a broader context of impacts of IE projects on volumes and salinity of streams and groundwater resources.

scholarly journals Risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus and impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on maternal and fetal health during the antenatal period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Jain ◽  
Kusumlata Singhal ◽  
Shikha Jain ◽  
Deepali Jain
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Congenital Malformation ◽  
Fetal Health ◽  
Antenatal Period ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of dysglycaemia that occurs for the first time or is first detected during pregnancy. The adverse effects of GDM on pregnant women are pre-eclampsia, PIH, PPH, polyhydramanios, PROM, meanwhile, there would be an increase in dystocia, birth injury, and cesarean sectionMethods: This retrospective study was conducted in a Gynecology clinic in District Shivpuri to find out the various risk factors for GDM and to evaluate the impact of GDM on maternal and fetal health during the antenatal period. 84 patients who were diagnosed with GDM were included in the study. Results: Among risk factors; BMI >25 kg/m2 before pregnancy was found in 15.47% of the case, family history of diabetes mellitus 8.33%, Previous history of macrosomia 17.85%, Poor reproductive history 17.85%, baby with congenital malformation 8.33%, H/o unexplained IUFD 11.90%. H/o polyhydramnios 15.47%. History of PCOS 13.09% and preeclampsia was found in 17.85% of cases. In antenatal complications; miscarriages was found in 15.47%. polyhydramnios in 17.85%. Oligohydramnios in 8.33%, preterm labor in 11.90%, PROM in 9.52%, pre-eclampsia in 17.85%, sudden IUFD in 8.33% and congenital malformation was found in 4.76% of cases. On USG; IUGR was found in 7.14% of cases. Large for date fetus in 16.66% of cases and the normal growth was found in 76.19% of cases.Conclusions- In conclusion appropriate and timely diagnosis and treatment of GDM will result in decreased maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes comparable to general population rates, therefore, early diagnosis is important.

The impact of agricultural transformations on the region's rural settlement system

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2256-2275
Author(s):  
V.N. D'yachenko ◽  
V.V. Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article explores the changes in the region's rural settlement system driven by certain transformations in agriculture. Objectives. The article aims to assess the impact of the transformations in agricultural production of the Amur Oblast on the settlement structure of the Far Eastern agricultural region. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of logical, comparative, and statistical analyses, and typology. A set of spatial development theories is the methodological basis of the study. Results. The article presents a database that helps understand the history of agricultural settlements of the area, as well as demographic processes and trends differentiation. Conclusions. The mechanisms to stabilize the area's population should be used alongside with spatial development policies that are in line with the development of agricultural settlements.

Analyzing the efficiency of “Geodesy and Cartography”, science-and-technical journal

2020 ◽  
Vol 962 (8) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Mass Medium ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Factor Study ◽  
Marketing Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Marketing Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Methods

The history of the “Geodesy Cartography” journal development, methods of its efficiency evaluation in different periods and the modern state of this mass-medium were considered in the article. The main bibliometric indicators and their characteristics for the mentioned scientific publication were studied. The data of the RSCI on the impact factor study results and the journal’s citation index were given; the analysis of publication activeness was made. The efficiency of the virtual resource, the journal’s web-site, was evaluated. The results of the journal site visiting marketing analysis and its user-rating, the consumers’ needs and queries were also presented. The offered method of the journal’s activity evaluation is the scientific publication’s complex analysis, studying not only the authors and their publication activeness but its main consumers, statistic-and-marketing data and the informational activeness of the mass-medium itself as well.

scholarly journals Modeling the impact of nitrate fertilizers on groundwater quality in the southern part of the Nile Delta, Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Galal Eltarabily ◽  
Abdelazim M. Negm ◽  
Chihiro Yoshimura ◽  
Oliver C. Saavedra
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Groundwater Modeling ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Water Source ◽  
The Impact

The use of fertilizers in agriculture in Egypt, especially nitrogen, has increased significantly in the last decade, resulting in nonpoint contamination of the groundwater resources. This study investigated the effect of using nitrogen fertilizer on groundwater contamination with nitrate in the central southern part of the Nile Delta. NO3− concentrations in shallow groundwater were assessed based on the applied urea dose (the common nitrogen fertilizer used) in year 2014. A groundwater modeling system (GMS) comprising MODFLOW and MT3D was used to simulate the three-dimensional groundwater flow and NO3− transportation processes in El-Menoufia Governorate, located in the central region of the Nile Delta aquifer. Calibration for MODFLOW was conducted to match known head configurations to minimize the water balance differences. Calibration of MT3D was accomplished by fitting the model to the measured NO3− concentrations during the year 2014. The results highlighted areas of groundwater contamination by NO3−, which occurred at shallow depths (40 m) due to the significant loads of nitrogen fertilizer application and the flood irrigation method. While the results suggested one approach was to avoid using contaminated shallow groundwater as a water source, a more sustainable approach would be to implement best management practices to reduce and control the amount of nitrate leaching into the shallow groundwater system in the future.

scholarly journals Developing Female Pre-Service Teachers' Mathematics Self-Efficacy by Integrating History of Mathematics into Teaching During Lesson Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Samuel Baah-Duodu ◽  
Seth Borbye ◽  
Ebenezer Someah-Addae ◽  
Francis Cornelius Ennin ◽  
Vivian Osei-Buabeng
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Lesson Study ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Teaching Mathematics ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mathematics Self Efficacy

History of mathematics (HOM) was incorporated into peer teaching during lesson study as a strategy to augment the mathematics self-efficacy of female pre-service teachers in Ghana. An overview of studies on methodological approaches of integrating the history of mathematics into the teaching and learning process was presented. Mathematics Self-efficacy Scale and Grade Descriptor Grid were used to assess 12 female pre-service teachers' confidence level and performance respectively during lesson study. Results revealed that pre-service teachers exhibited a moderate self-efficacy level as well as moderately good performance in lesson instruction. A web-based questionnaire item responded by participants revealed that integrating HOM into lessons has the potential to improve teachers' self-efficacy. The impact of the study included: change of pre-service teachers' perception about teaching mathematics, a positive attitude towards mathematics, broadened conceptual knowledge and exposure to the multiplicity of problem-solving approaches. It was recommended that innovative pedagogical strategies should be adopted to enhance females' self-efficacy towards teaching mathematics. Also, teachers need to participate in lesson study as a professional collaboration which can improve their pedagogical knowledge. Further studies should investigate the relationship between prospective female teachers' self-efficacy and their mathematics achievement.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

Income Diversification and Bank Efficiency in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Sang Nguyen Minh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

This study uses the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method to estimate the technical efficiency index of 34 Vietnamese commercial banks in the period 2007-2015, and then it analyzes the impact of income diversification on the operational efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks through a censored regression model - the Tobit regression model. Research results indicate that income diversification has positive effects on the operational efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks in the research period. Based on study results, in this research some recommendations forpolicy are given to enhance the operational efficiency of Vietnam’s commercial banking system.

The Film World’s Cooperative Store: Institutions and Films of the 1930s and 1940s

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Early History ◽  
World War ◽  
International Context ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the early history of state-sponsored informational filmmaking in Denmark, emphasising its organisation as a ‘cooperative’ of organisations and government agencies. After an account of the establishment and early development of the agency Dansk Kulturfilm in the 1930s, the chapter considers two of its earliest productions, both process films documenting the manufacture of bricks and meat products. The broader context of documentary in Denmark is fleshed out with an account of the production and reception of Poul Henningsen’s seminal film Danmark (1935), and the international context is accounted for with an overview of the development of state-supported filmmaking in the UK, Italy and Germany. Developments in the funding and output of Dansk Kulturfilm up to World War II are outlined, followed by an account of the impact of the German Occupation of Denmark on domestic informational film. The establishment of the Danish Government Film Committee or Ministeriernes Filmudvalg kick-started aprofessionalisation of state-sponsored filmmaking, and two wartime public information films are briefly analysed as examples of its early output. The chapter concludes with an account of the relations between the Danish Resistance and an emerging generation of documentarists.

Some reflections on social structure: Theoretical and practical aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063-1078
Author(s):  
T.N. Skorobogatova ◽  
I.Yu. Marakhovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article discusses the role of social infrastructure in the national economy and analyzes the relationship between the notions of Infrastructure, Service Industry and Non-Productive Sphere. Objectives. The article aims to outline a methodology for development of the social infrastructure of Russia's regions. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of statistical and comparative analyses. The Republic of Crimea and Rostov Oblast's social infrastructure development was considered as a case study. Results. The article finds that the level of social infrastructure is determined by a number of internal and external factors. By analyzing and assessing such factors, it is possible to develop promising areas for the social sphere advancement. Conclusions. Assessment and analysis of internal factors largely determined by the region's characteristics, as well as a comprehensive consideration of the impact of external factors will help ensure the competitiveness of the region's economy.

A Left History of Liquorice: What It Means to Write "Left" History

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Historical Study ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Special Edition ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This article is part of a special Left History series reflecting upon changing currents and boundaries in the practice of left history, and outlining the challenges historians of the left must face in the current tumultuous political climate. This series extends a conversation first convened in a 2006 special edition of Left History (11.1), which asked the question, “what is left history?” In the updated series, contributors were asked a slightly modified question, “what does it mean to write ‘left’ history?” The article charts the impact of major political developments on the field of left history in the last decade, contending that a rising neoliberal and right-wing climate has constructed an environment inhospitable to the discipline’s survival. To remain relevant, Palmer calls for historians of the left to develop a more “open-ended and inclusive” understanding of the left and to push the boundaries of inclusion for a meaningful historical study of the left. To illustrate, Palmer provides a brief materialist history of liquorice to demonstrate the mutability of left history as a historical approach, rather than a set of traditional political concerns.

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