scholarly journals Requirements for Electric Machine Design based on Operating Points from Real Driving Data in Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Svenja Kalt ◽  
Lucas Brenner ◽  
Markus Lienkamp
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Electric Machine Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Operating Points

Increasing environmental awareness leads to the necessity for more efficient powertrains in the future. However, the development of new vehicle concepts generates a trend towards ever shorter development cycles. Therefore, new concepts must be tested and validated at an early stage in order to meet the increasing time pressure. This requires the determination of real driving data in fleet tests in order to generate realistic driving cycles, which correspond as closely as possible to the actual driving behavior of the applications use case. Within the scope of this paper, real driving data are analyzed and used to create a representative driving cycle. The resulting driving cycle based on real driving characteristics is then used to investigate the impact of application-based design for powertrains on the design of electric machines, by illustrating the difference between synthetic operating points and real driving data.

scholarly journals Expressionism in European and Chinese painting (late XIX – early XXI centuries)

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Jitai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Chinese Painting ◽  
Oil Painting ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of Chinese traditional painting upon the formation of Western expressionism, as well as interprets the influence of Western expressionism upon Chinese painting in expressionist manner of different periods. The author reveals the mutual influence, similarities and differences between Western expressionism and Chinese painting in expressionist manner, Chinese imagery oil painting, Chinese colored ink painting, and Chinese imagery painting in Western style. Based on correlation between the spiritual ideology of painting and artistic form, the author carries out a comparative analysis of spiritual and formal factors of Chinese and Western painting systems for the purpose of determination of their mutual influence, and how it affects the emergence of new concepts in painting. The structure of brush stroke of the artist defines his aesthetic spirit. The article determines the “cyclic” nature of interinfluence processes between Chinese and Western painting systems that stimulate the development of human civilization. The analysis of corresponding cultural factors allows assessing the individual artistic characteristics of painting. Both, Chinese and Western painting systems entered the period when spiritual ideology of painting interacts with the artistic forms, opening the era of “globalization” of the language of painting.

scholarly journals Fluorescence-Labeled Amyloid Beta Monomer: A Molecular Dynamical Study

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3524
Author(s):  
János Gera ◽  
Gábor Paragi
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Conformational Space ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Dynamical Study ◽  
Fluorescence Dye ◽  
Aβ Aggregation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The Impact

The aggregation process of the Amyloidβ (Aβ) peptide is one of the central questions in Alzheimers’s research. Fluorescence-labeled single-molecule detection is a novel technique concerning the early stage investigation of Aβ aggregation, where the labeling dyes are covalently bound to the Aβ monomer. As the influence of the dye on the conformational space of the Aβ monomer can be significant, its effect on the seeding process is an open question. The applied fluorescent molecule continuously switches between an active (ON) and an inactive (OFF) state, where the latter supports an extra rotational restriction at many commercially available dyes. However, only a few theoretical studies simulated the Aβ monomer in the presence of a dye and none of them considered the difference between the ON and the OFF states. Therefore, we examined the impact of a selected fluorescence dye (Alexa 568) on the conformational space of the monomeric Aβ(1–42) peptide in its ON and OFF state by replica exchange molecular dynamic simulations. Investigations on secondary structure elements as well as dye-peptide contact analysis for the monomers are presented. Experimental and theoretical NMR shifts were contrasted to qualify the calculation protocol and theoretical values of the labeled and the non-labeled peptide were also compared. We found that the first five residues have higher helical propensity in the presence of the dye, and electrostatic properties could strongly affect the connection between the dye and the peptide parts.

scholarly journals Review on Construction Procedures of Driving Cycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-285
Author(s):  
Levente Czégé ◽  
Attila Vámosi ◽  
Imre Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
The Future ◽  
Evaluation Of Data

The goal of this paper is to give an overview of the literature of construction techniques of driving cycles. Our motivation for the overview is the future goal of constructing our own driving cycles for various types of vehicles and routes. This activity is part of a larger project focusing on determination of fuel and energy consumption by dynamic simulation of vehicles. Accordingly, the papers dealing with sample route determination, data collection and processing, driving cycle construction procedures, statistical evaluation of data are in our focus.

scholarly journals Skills Development in The Asia-Pacific Maritime World: A Comparative Study of Vocational Education in Malaysia and Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Ramlee Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Technical And Vocational Education ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

This region of Southeast Asia shares more social and cultural ties with other Austronesian peoples in the Pacific than with the peoples of mainland Southeast Asia. Contemporarily, Asia Pacific is still the fastest growing economic region in the world despite economic turbulence and uncertainties in recent years due to the global economic slow-down.  As one of centres of economic power, the region could hardly remain immune to the globalizing impact of economic and technological change. The purpose of this study was to explore the development of Technical and Vocational education in Malaysia and Indonesia by analyzing the history, policies, and its direction. In Malaya, the Technical and Vocational education prior to independence had projected the images of “colonial apprenticeship” with the emphasis on manual agricultural and crafts, which aimed at training the Malay students to fill positions in the Railway department under the Federated Malay States. After independence, Technical and Vocational education in Malaysia continued to grow, and some reforms have been implemented to improve the image of Technical and Vocational education itself.  In Indonesia, a similar development occurred but the difference is in terms of Technical and Vocational education funding at the secondary level where there are many private Technical and Vocational schools as compared to Malaysia.  There are new concepts introduced in Technical and Vocational education, such as the Tech-Prep, Time Sector Privatization and Vocational Colleges in Malaysia and Link and Match, Dual System, Product-based Curriculum, and Total Performance Management (TPM) in Indonesia, but the concepts are yet to be carried out optimally due of some constraints.  The implications of this study are to identify the human capital development in the maritime Archipelago countries from the perspectives of the competitiveness and the preparation for dealing with the impact of globalization.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ERRORS IN DETERMINATION OF TRACING SLOPE ON THE ACCURACY OF GEODETIC BASE FOR ROUTE

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Kostiantyn Mamonov ◽  
Svitlana Kamchatnaya ◽  
Yevhen Orel ◽  
Oleksandr Saiapin
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Route Length ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Artificial Development ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The purpose of this article is to study and develop a methodological approach tosolving the problem of accuracy of the geodetic base of the route. For this purpose, the followingtasks are set: mathematical substantiation the dependence of the line length on the ratio of the traceslope and the guide slope; description of the function of optimal use of the guiding slope at highspeed; determination of the impact of errors in the course of the geodetic justification on the routelength. Starting from the determined point and further to the right, artificial development of the lineis required. Because when a trace is planed using level curves, this point can be reached sooner orlater, and in some cases, this point can not be reached not at all, the line length designed accordingto the plan will be slightly different than in the case of tracing with usage the exact data. Thus, theobtained results indicate the following. If the error positions during a high-speed segment are suchthat the ordnance datum of the passage is less than the truth, the route length will be less than thetrue and vice versa. This trivial result indicates that the location of geodetic support points ondifferent sides of the pass is not recommended. It is established that due to the accumulation of errorsin the transmission of coordinates in the working substantiation networks, the conditions of the linedesign and the amount of operating costs change. It is mathematically substantiated that the linelength depends on the depth of the excavation on the pass and the height of the embankment at thepoint, and also on the difference of ordnance datum at these points. The difference between the traceslope and the guiding slope has an inversely proportional effect. In addition, the function of optimaluse of the guide slope at a high-speed segment has the form of a broken line according to its fracturesthe need for artificial development of the route can be established. The influence of errors in the course of the working justification is manifested in the discrepancy between the true and projectedroute length. If this error is not taken into account, it will lead to significant overspending duringbuilding a longer line than necessary. Further development of the problem of increasing the accuracyof tracing and reducing the impact of errors is planned in the direction of creating methods of digitalmodelling and automated programs.

Comparing Driving Cycle Development Methods Based on Markov Chains

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812096882
Author(s):  
Frédérique Roy ◽  
Catherine Morency
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chains ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Emission Models ◽  
The Impact

The transportation sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, accounting for 14% of global emissions in 2010 according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency. In Quebec, this share amounts to 43%, of which 80% is caused by road transport according to the MinistÉre de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques of QuÅbec. It is therefore essential to support the actions taken to reduce GHGs emissions from this sector and to quantify the impact of these actions. To do so, accurate and reliable emission models are needed. Driving cycles are defined as speed profiles over time and they are a key element of emission models. They represent driving behaviors specific to various road types in each region. The most widely used method to construct driving cycles is based on Markov chains and consists of concatenating small sections of speed profiles, called microtrips, following a transition matrix. Two of the main steps involved in the development of driving cycles are microtrip segmentation and microtrip classification. In this study, several combinations of segmentation and clustering methods are compared to generate the most reliable driving cycle. Results show that segmentation of microtrips with a fixed distance of 250 m and clustering of the microtrips by applying a principal component analysis on many key parameters related to their speed and acceleration provide the most accurate driving cycles.

ANALISI DAMPAK BENDUNGAN PANDANDURI TERHADAP USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN SAKRA BARAT KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Abdur Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survey Technique ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

This study aims to determine the impact of the Pandan Duri dam on changes in the Crop Index (IP) and changes in the productivity level of rice paddy farming in West Sakra District, East Lombok Regency. The method in this research is descriptive, data collection is done by survey technique. Determination of the number of samples as many as 30 people is done by sampling quota and taking farmers in each village is done by proportional random sampling and determining the village as a sample is done by purposive sampling. The results showed that: 1) The total planting index (IP) of lowland rice before the Pandan Duri dam in West Sakra District was 1.39 and after 2.12. This means that the existence of the Pandan Duri dam can have an impact on the difference in the Crop Index (IP) of lowland rice farming in Sakra District and, 2) The average productivity of rice before the Pandan Duri dam in West Sakra District was 49,682 Kw/Ha while after the Pandan Duri dam was 57,267 Kw/Ha and there was a significant difference at the alpha 5% (0,05) level.or in the other word, that the existence of Pandan Duri development has real/significant impact on the productivity of lowland rice farming in West Sakra District, East Lombok Regency

scholarly journals Peranan Kadar Feritin Serum terhadap Kejadian Preeklampsia

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mega Ulfah ◽  
Masrul Masrul ◽  
Arni Amir
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Excess Iron ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biomedical Laboratory

Abstrak Preeklampsia merupakan penyebab utama kematian maternal dan perinatal diseluruh dunia. Peningkatan kadar serum besi dan feritin memiliki potensi untuk digunakan secara diagnostik untuk memperingatkan preeklampsia tahap awal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan peranan kadar serum feritin terhadap kejadianpreeklampsia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain case-control. Penelitian dilakukan dari Agustus 2013 hingga Juli 2014, bertempat di RS dr. M. Djamil, RS dr. Reksodiwiryo dan Laboratorium Biomedik UNAND Padang.  Jumlah sampel yang diteliti adalah 40 responden dimana sampel terdiri dari 2 kelompok,masing-masing terdiri dari 20 sampel. Pemeriksaan serum feritin dilakukan dengan metode ELISA. Perbedaan rerata kadar feritin serum antara kelompok preeklampsia dan kehamilan normal dianalisa dengan mengunakan independen ttest. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rerata kadar serum feritin pada kelompok preeklampsia dan kehamilan normal adalah50,46+4,37 ng/ml dan 17,64+1,6 ng/ml, dengan nilai p=0,004. Kadar feritin pada kedua kelompok masih dalam batas normal dan tidak ditemukan indikasi adanya kelebihan besi sebagai faktor resiko preeklampsia. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu kadar serum feritin tidak memiliki peranan terhadap kejadian preeklampsia. Kata kunci: preeklampsia, hipertensi dalam kehamilan, serum feritin Abstract Preeclampsia is a major cause of worldwide maternal and prenatal mortality. The increase in iron serum and ferritin can be used as a diagnosis to warn of the early stage of preeclampsia. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of ferritin serum levels on preeclampsia. This study was an observational analytic study withcase-control design. It has been done from August 2013 to Juli 2014, in RS dr. M. Djamil, RS dr. Reksodiwiryo and Biomedical Laboratory of Andalas University Padang. Total sample evaluated was 40 samples. The sample consist of two groups, each group consist of 20 respondents. Ferritin serum level was examined by using ELISA method. The difference of ferritin serum level between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy analyzed by using independen t test.The result of this study shows that the avarage of ferritin serum levels in preeclampsia group and normalpregnancy is 50,46+4,37 ng/ml and 17,64+1,6  ng /ml, with a p-value 0,004. The ferritin serum level in both groups is normal  and didn’t find that excess iron as a risk factor for preeclampsia. It can be concluded that ferritin serum level has no role on preeclampsia. Keywords: preeclampsia, hypertension in pregnancy, ferritin serum

scholarly journals Research into the Impacts of Driving Cycles and Load Weight on the Operation of a Light Commercial Electric Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13872
Author(s):  
Tomáš Settey ◽  
Jozef Gnap ◽  
František Synák ◽  
Tomáš Skrúcaný ◽  
Marek Dočkalik
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Sustainable Logistics ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Load Weight

The European Parliament has adopted Directive 2019/1161 on the promotion of environmentally friendly and energy-efficient road transport vehicles, which also defines the obligations and forms of support for the procurement of environmentally friendly vehicles in urban logistics. The increase in the number of shipments delivered within e-commerce, which is also the result of the COVID-19 pandemic, requires a transition to a sustainable logistics system. New research questions are being raised in the preparation of new projects for the introduction of small electric commercial vehicles in particular. One of the main research questions about deployment itself is whether light commercial electric vehicles are able to fully replace conventionally powered vehicles. What operating conditions are optimal for the operation of them? How does load weight affect the energy efficiency of operating a light commercial electric vehicle? The authors decided to carry out research into the impacts of weight and the nature of a driving cycle under laboratory conditions to eliminate all external factors that could distort individual measurements and their results. In order to simulate driving cycles, an urban driving cycle was designed on the basis of the course of speed, acceleration, deceleration and slope conditions of roads in the selected regional city of Žilina (Slovakia). In the case of the operation of an electrically powered light commercial vehicle, the impact of load weight on the range of the vehicle is low, and is below the level of the theoretical maximum range of the vehicle in urban logistics applications. The operation of electrically powered vehicles in hilly terrains with relatively longer gradients and steeper slopes increases electricity consumption and, thereby, reduces their range.

scholarly journals Investment, financial markets and uncertainty

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-532
Author(s):  
Philip Arestis ◽  
Ana Rosa González-Martinez ◽  
Óscar Dejuán
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
External Finance ◽  
Financial Uncertainty ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Difference Gmm ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This contribution provides a theoretical explanation of the accumulation process, which focuses on the presence of correlations between physical and financial investment, and how the latter could affect the former. It also accounts for the influence of the cost of external finance and the impact of financial uncertainty as proxied by the interest rate and the exchange rate respectively; thereby utilising the Keynesian notion of conventions in the determination of investment. Our model is estimated by applying the difference GMM and the system GMM to a panel of 14 OECD countries from 1970 to 2010.

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