The use of dairy steers in the production of beef in Transnistria
In Transnistria own production is not able to meet the needs of meat processing enterprises in beef. Due to natural and climatic conditions beef breeds are not grown in this region. All beef production in Transnistria is carried out at the expense of dairy breeds of cattle. The search for ways to effectively produce beef in Transnistria is an urgent problem. The purpose of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of purebred Black-and-White steers and crossbreds with Holstein breed in the production of beef in Transnistria. A comprehensive study of meat productivity and meat qualities of purebred and crossbred steers, when they are reared and fattened to different age periods. In all age periods the steers of the experimental group surpassed their herdmates in live weight. It has been found that at the age of 3 months the difference was 14,8 kg (P < 0,01), 6 – 23,9 kg (P < 0,001), 9 – 21,4 kg (P < 0,001), 12 – 38,1 kg (P < 0,001), 15 – 40,3 kg (P < 0,001), and 18 months – 33,5 kg (P < 0,001). The maintenance and fattening of young animals in equal conditions allowed to reveal the most optimal variant of rearing of crossbreds to 18-month age with a live weight of 500–510 kg and their transfer to slaughter. Characterizing the profitability of production of live weight gain in the experimental group of animals, it has been found that the most profitable (34,8 %) was the rearing of animals up to 18 months of age, which is by 2,3 % higher than when rearing steers up to 16 months of age, and 2,4 % higher than when rearing them up to 20 months of age.