RAISING CALVES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE AKMOLA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
A.N. Bigarina ◽  
◽  
K.H. Shaikenova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Group I ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

This article presents the results of research on the growth and development of calves obtained from cows during early insemination. The object of the study was calves from birth to 6 months of age of a black-and-white breed of a dairy farm «Kamyshenka» LLP in the Astrakhan district of the Akmola region. Two experimental groups of calves were formed in a dairy farm. Group I included calves from cows inseminated at 14-15 months of age, and group II included calves from cows inseminated at 16-17 months of age. The following indicators were studied: live weight of calves at birth and at the age of 6 months, average daily, absolute and relative increases in live weight were calculated. At the same time, the exterior profile was studied by measurements from birth to 6 months of age, followed by the calculation of body indices. The live weight of calves at birth in the first experimental group averaged 30.9±0,32 kg, while in the second it was at the level of 29.8±0,44 kg, and at the age of 6 months it was 149.2±2,3 kg and 147.3±2,4± kg, respectively. According to the exterior profile data, there are also better indicators in the first experimental group than in the second, since the oblique length of the trunk was 104.43±0,7 and 102.33±0,9 cm, respectively. The difference in body type indices ranged from 0.58-1.41%, respectively.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THE DRUG "E-SELENIUM" ON THE DISPERSION OF MILK FAT IN COW'S MILK

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
L.G. Kashirina ◽  
◽  
K.I. Romanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experimental Group

The antioxidant drug "E-selenium" was used to reduce the processes of LPO in the body of fresh cows. Two groups were formed from the analogous cows of the black-and-white breed: The Control was intact, Experienced received the antioxidant drug injection at a dose of 10 ml at the rate of 1 ml per 50 kg of live weight per head for 4 months of lactation from the second. The diets of animals of all groups were the same, balanced in nutrients and met the standards of the RAAS. The duration of the experiment was 150 days. During the period from the 3rd to the 5th month of lactation, there was a positive dynamic in increasing the number of fat globules in the milk of cows of the Experimental group. By the end of the 4th month, it was higher than the Control by 8.9 %. This confirms the active effect of the drug "E-selenium", which contributes to a positive dynamic in increasing the size of fat globules. Non-enzymatic antioxidant tocopherol is an active element of the anti-oxidative system. Selenium stimu-lates the body's own antioxidant system. In both experimental groups, the relationship between the concentration of peroxidation products and the quantitative composition of fat globules and their size was established. In the milk of cows of the Experimental group, the oxidation processes were inhibited by neutralizing the products (POL), increasing the number of large fat globules and the total fat content in the milk.

scholarly journals Some Aspects of Using Clinoptilolite in Calves Feeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Alyona Anatolyevna Zelenchenkova ◽  
Roman Vladimirovich Nekrasov ◽  
Magomed Gazievich Chabaev ◽  
Konstantin Sergeevich Ostrenko
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Experimental Group

The use of clinoptilolite is an effective means of increasing the gain and live weight of calves. The application does not cause difficulties in the methods of introducing the additive to calves. Natural clinoptilolites of various deposits are presented in a wide range on the feed additives market. Aims: The objective of the work was to study the effectiveness of natural mineral clinoptilolite on physiological and zootechnical indicators of growth and development of calves. Methodology: The study was carried out on 39 clinically healthy Holsteinized black-and-white calves selected at random, 13 animals per group. For 85 days, the calves of the experimental group received a basic diet enriched with natural mineral clinoptilolite to increase the efficiency of growth and development at a dosage of 25-50 and 50-100 g / head / day. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein at the end of the supplement feeding (n = 5) for physiological, biochemical and immunological studies. Results: In the course of the study, it was found that in the experimental groups there were higher gains in live weight by 7.3 and 4.7% in comparison the control, and low feed costs per 1 kg of gain. Feeding clinoptilolite promoted an increase in the concentration of Ca in the blood of calves of the dairy period by 14.2% (p <0.05), an increase in phagocytic activity by 4.87 (p <0.05), the phagocytic number was higher by 0.20 (p < 0.05) units. Conclusion: The totality of the information presented confirms the physiological adequacy for calves to the introduction of natural mineral clinoptilolite in the indicated dosages.

Growth rate and conformation characteristics of calves after administration of different doses of tissue biostimulator to cows

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
I. A. Pushkaryev ◽  
T. V. Kureninova ◽  
T. L. Silivirova ◽  
N. V. Shanshin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Different Doses

It is known that one of the most important reasons for the birth of weak calves is the impact of adverse factors on the physiological status of the cow, which in turn affects the intrauterine and postnatal development of the fetus and newborn. The results of studying the introduction of different doses of tissue biostimulator to cows during the dry period and its effect on the development of the conformation of calves received from them have been presented in the article. The experiment was carried out in 2019 on cows of Priobsky type of Black-and-White breed and calves obtained from them. In order to conduct the experiment four groups of dry cows-analogs have been formed with 10 heads in each for 55–60 days before the expected calving at the age of III lactation and older. When selecting animals the live weight and milk productivity of cows for the previous lactation have been taken into account. The highest growth rate has been observed in calves from cows the 2nd experimental group, which exceeded the control by 24,4 % (P ≤ 0,001). The best indicators of conformation development have been also observed in calves obtained from cows of the 2nd experimental group, which were injected subcutaneously with 22,5 ml of tissue preparation. So, oblique body length have been greater by 12,6 % (P ≤ 0,001), chest girth by 17,3 % (P ≤ 0,001), width of hook bones by 21,0 % (P ≤ 0,01), the width of the pin bones by 15,0 % (P ≤ 0,05). The lengthiness index was by 11,5 % higher (P ≤ 0,001), the blockiness index was by 4,1 % higher (P ≤ 0,05), and the boniness index was by 10,6 % lower (P ≤ 0,05) than in the control group herdmates.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTENSITY OF BREEDING OF HEIFERS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED IN DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS ON THE FUTURE DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
S. F. Antonenko
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
Animal Number ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The scientific experiment was carried out in two stages at State enterprise pilot farm “Hontarivka”, Vovchansk district, Kharkiv region. First stage. In a retrospective analysis of the rearing calf intensity from 3 to 6 months revealed that the highest live weight at 6-month age had animals of group III, .which is probably 47.0 kg or 34.6% and 23.0 kg or 14.4% (P < 0.001 in both comparison cases) outperformed peers I and II groups. A similar trend was observed in the analysis of live weight of heifers at 9 and 12-month age. Live weight at insemination in the higher growth group also had better rates of 4.0 and 3.7%, respectively, in animals of groups I and II (P < 0.001–0.05). It should be noted that the required live weight for insemination at heifers at growth rates of up to 500 g was reached in only 20.3 months, however, in the other two groups, the insemination age decreased by 1.5 and 1.7 months. Firstcalf heifers from group III also had the highest milk expectancy of 170.0 and 123.0 kg, or 3.1 and 2.3%, respectively, then animals in groups I and II. In the age period from 6 to 9 months it was found that at 9-month age heifers of group III had a higher live weight against animals of I and II groups respectively by 39.0 and 16.0 kg or 18.8 and 7.0% (P < 0.001 in both comparison cases). Intergroup differences by this indicator at 12-month age hiefers decreased to 35.0 and 8.0 kg, respectively, or 13.0 and 2.7% (P < 0.001 in both cases of comparison), which provided an advantage for the live weight of group III over I and II groups during the first fruitful insemination. Whereas the age of first fruitfull insemination, on the contrary, was lower at heifers of group III at 49 and 34 days than at groups I and II heifers. The highest milk productivity was also found at firstcalf heifers of group III at 634 kg or 12.3% (P < 0.001) and at 137 kg or 2.5% against animal I and II groups. The heifer live weight at the period from 9 to 12 months corresponded to the established differences at other age periods generally. And 12-month age calves of group III also significantly exceeded the analogues of group I by 38.0 kg or 14.0% (P < 0.001) and peers of group II – by 23.0 kg or 8.0% (P < 0.001). The live weight at fruitfull insemination of group III heifers was the largest and the difference compared with animals of group I was 21.0 kg or 5.3% (P < 0.01) and group II – 19.0 kg or 4.8% (P < 0.001). Group III animals also had the highest milk productivity, which is likely to be higher than group I peers by 751 kg or 14.5% (P < 0.001) and group II animals by 552 kg or 10.3% (P < 0.001). Second stage. It was found that during the experiment, live weight of free-stall keeping heifers were outnumbered by peers. In particular, the live weight of group I animals at the first month of the experiment was less by 8.0 kg or 2.9%, the second by 15.0 kg or 4.7% (P < 0.05) and the third by 19.0 kg or 5.4% against peers of group II. A similar pattern was observed in the estimation of intensive growth of these animals. However, at the end of the experiment, the heifers of the experimental group were 7.0 cm or 5.9% (P < 0.001) higher in the withers, 7.0 cm or 5.6% (P < 0.001) in the back, and the sacrum – 6.0 cm or 4.7% (P < 0.001). They showed deeper breasts by 3.0 cm or 4.9% (P < 0.01), larger breast widths – by 2.0 cm or 5.4% (P < 0.01), width in macaques – by 2.0 cm or 4.9% (P < 0.01), oblique torso length – 8.0 cm or 5.8% (P < 0.001), chest circumference 9.0 cm or 5.6% (P < 0.001) and girth – 1.0 cm or 6.1% (P < 0.01). It should be noted that from the second month of the research the animal number the free-stall keeping animal number, which ready for insemination, was more at 2.3 times or 5 goals than stall keeping heifers, and their live weight was more at 8 kg or 3.0%. With age, the differences between the groups gradually increased and by the third month reached 8 goals or 2.6 times and 19.0 kg or 5.7%.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT REGULARITIES AND EXTERNAL CONSTITUTIONAL FEATURES OF REPAIR YOUNG CATTLE BROUGHT THROUGH THE CROSSBREEDING OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY AND SWISS BREEDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
I. V. Verbuch ◽  
O. V. Medvid
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
External Evaluation ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

Goal. To study the influence of interbreeding of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy cows with bulls of Swiss breeds on growth and development and exterior-constitutional features of repair young stock. Methods. Selection-genetic analysis, comparative, statistical. Results. Research and production studies were conducted on the basis of the breeding plant of SE "Pasichna" ICSGP NAAS "Starosinyavsky district of Khmelnytsky region on the population of purebred animals of the Podolsk factory type of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed (UCHRMP) and local animals obtained from crossbreeding bulls of the Swiss breed. According to the results of experimental studies in identical conditions of feeding and keeping young animals of the experimental groups, it was found that the highest live weight, both at birth and in subsequent age periods is characterized by local young animals. However, a significant difference between the groups of 12.9 kg (td = 2.15; P > 0.95) in favor of crossbreeds is observed only at the age of 18 months. When studying the absolute increase in live weight of experimental calves in the three-month dynamics of postnatal ontogenesis, which is an indicator of the intensity of animal growth, the advantage of local animals over purebred peers was also established. The largest significant difference in their favor is observed at the age of 7–9 months (3.1 kg, td = 2.29, P > 0.95). In all other periods of cultivation, the difference is not significant. Comparative characteristics of the degree of stress in the growth of animals, which was determined by the relative increase in live weight in the three-month dynamics showed that the most intensively growing animals of both groups from birth to 3 months of age (168.0–169.3%), then – with increasing age, the growth rate gradually decreases. A significant difference between the experimental groups, according to the above indicators, has not been established. The average daily gains in live weight of animals, for all periods considered, were higher in local animals. On average, from birth to 18 months of age, they were: local heifers 660 g, purebred – 637 g. External evaluation of the studied groups of heifers showed that purebred young at 18 months of age had the highest height at the withers by 1.2 cm, height in the buttocks – 1.4 and oblique length of the torso and buttocks, respectively, 0.8 and 0.7 cm compared to local young, but inferior to the latter in latitudinal measurements: chest width 1.2 cm, width in macula – 0.9 and width in the buttocks – 1.1 cm. In general, animals of both groups are well developed and have a harmonious physique. Conclusions. The results of the analysis of the dynamics of live weight of experimental groups of heifers, aged from birth to 18 months of age, show that local young animals obtained from crossing cows of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed with bulls of Swiss breed have slightly better performance than peers of purebred animals . However, the difference between the groups is in most cases unlikely. External evaluation of the studied groups of heifers showed that purebred young for all considered periods, from birth to 18 months of age, have higher indicators in height at the withers, height in the buttocks and oblique length of the torso and buttocks, but inferior to local in latitudinal measurements : chest width, width in macula and width in the buttocks. Thus, it can be argued that when using crossbreeding of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cows with bulls of Swiss breed, the obtained young animals have slightly higher rates of growth and development, which will further positively affect the size and quality of milk productivity, reproductive capacity and duration use of cows herd.

PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY IN BROAD-BODIED AND NARROW-BODIED COWS OF BLACK-AND-WHITE BREED

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Ю. ЧУПШЕВА ◽  
А.С. КАРАМАЕВА ◽  
С.В. КАРАМАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Resistance Value ◽  
Hematological Values

Изучено продуктивное долголетие коров широкотелого и узкотелого типов телосложения в условиях интенсивной технологии производства молока. Объектом исследований служили коровы черно-пестрой породы, выбракованные из стада по разным причинам. Животные были разделены на 2 группы по типам телосложения при помощи индексов, вычисленных по результатам промеров. Анализ данных зоотехнического учета показал, что различия в строении тела и конституции формируются у них в процессе роста и развития. Выявлено, что живая масса первотелок широкотелого типа была больше, чем узкотелого, на 27,3 кг (5,3%; Р<0,01). При этом животные узкотелого типа превосходили своих сверстниц по высоте в холке на 2,7 см (2,0%; Р<0,001), глубине груди — на 2,4 см (3,3%; Р<0,001), косой длине туловища — на 2,2 см (1,4%; Р<0,05), но уступали им по ширине груди на 5,4 см (13,9%; Р<0,001), ширине в маклоках — на 1,7 см (3,2%; Р<0,001), обхвату груди — на 5,9 см (3,1%; Р<0,001). Гематологические показатели, независимо от типа телосложения коров, были в пределах физиологической нормы. Установлено, что показатели резистентности у животных широкотелого типа были достоверно выше по сравнению с коровами узкотелого типа. Это обусловило более высокую жизнеспособность особей широкотелого типа. Продолжительность жизни у них была дольше на 25,0% (Р<0,001), а период продуктивного использования — на 1,6 лактации (Р<0,001). В результате пожизненный удой коров широкотелого типа был выше на 6576 кг молока (33,4%; Р<0,001), несмотря на меньшую величину среднего удоя за лактацию на 12,5% (Р<0,001). Productive longevity in broad-bodied and narrow-bodied cows under the conditions of intensive milk production technology was studied. Black-and-white breed cows culled from the herd due to various reasons were used as the object of research. The animals were split into 2 groups according to their body types using the indices calculated according to the results of measurements. The analysis of zootechnic registration data showed that the differences in body structure and constitution are formed in the process of growth and development. It was found out that the live weight of broad-bodied first-calf cows exceeded the live weight of narrow-bodied cows by 27.3 kg (5.3%; P<0.01). Apart from that, narrow-bodied animals were superior to their herdmates in height at the withers by 2.7 cm (2.0%, P<0.001), chest depth — by 2.4 cm (3.3%; P<0.001), oblique torso length — 2.2 cm (1.4%; P<0.05), but were inferior in chest breadth by 5.4 cm (13.9%; P<0.001), head of femur width — by 1.7 cm (3.2%; P<0.001), and chest circumference — by 5.9 cm (3.1%; P<0.001). Without regard to the body type of the cows, their hematological values were within the physiological range. It was found, that resistance value in broad-bodied animals were reliably higher compared to those in narrow-bodied cows. This determined the higher viability of broad-bodied animals. Their life duration was longer by 25.0% (P<0.001), and the period of productive use — longer by 1.6 lactations (P<0.001). As a result, lifetime milk yield in broad-bodied cows was higher by 6576 kg of milk (33.4%; P<0.001) despite the value of average milk yield per lactation that was lower by 12.5% (P<0.001).

Growth and development of purebred young cattle of Black-and-White breed and crossbreds with Hereford breed

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
N. M. Kostomakhin ◽  
S. L. Safronov
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Young Cattle

Due to the intensifi cation of the cattle breeding industry, there is a need to fi nd ways and available methods to increase production and improve the quality of beef based on the use of existing breeding stock of dairy cattle. The success of industrial crossbreeding depends primarily on the correct selection of breeds and their compatibility. The purpose of the research was to study the growth and development of purebred young cattle of Black-and-White breed and crossbreeds with Hereford breed in the Leningrad region. Research and production experiment has been carried out in the training and research farm “Pushkinskoe” of the St. Petersburg State Agrarian University. In the control group purebred animals of Black-and-White breed (9 heads steers and 7 heads heifers), in the experimental group half-blood animals (9 heads steers and 7 heads heifers) have been selected obtained as a result of crossbreeding Black-and-White cows and Hereford sires. The researches have been conducted from birth to 18 months of age. Researches have shown that the crossbreed young animals in comparison with purebreds were distinguished by expressed meat type of physique, a squat body with a welldeveloped back, a fairly wide and deep chest and a strong bone structure. Crossbred animals have been characterized by increased growth intensity. Steers and heifers outperformed their Black-and-White herdmates in terms of daily live weight gain overall over the study period by 170,6 g or 18,8 % , and 130,2 g or 15,6 %, respectively (P ≤ 0,01–0,001). According to the research results, it is recommended that to increase the volume of beef production and more fully realize the productive potential of cattle in the Leningrad region, it is necessary to conduct industrial crossbreeding of holstinized Black-and-White cattle with Hereford cattle. The resulting crossbreed young animals should be raised and fattened up to 16 months of age when steers reach a live weight of 540 kg and feed expenditures per 1 kg of live weight gain of 6,4 EFU, and heifers more than 480 kg and 6,9 EFU, respectively.

The use of dairy steers in the production of beef in Transnistria

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
L. Syarova ◽  
A. Vostroilov
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In Transnistria own production is not able to meet the needs of meat processing enterprises in beef. Due to natural and climatic conditions beef breeds are not grown in this region. All beef production in Transnistria is carried out at the expense of dairy breeds of cattle. The search for ways to effectively produce beef in Transnistria is an urgent problem. The purpose of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of purebred Black-and-White steers and crossbreds with Holstein breed in the production of beef in Transnistria. A comprehensive study of meat productivity and meat qualities of purebred and crossbred steers, when they are reared and fattened to different age periods. In all age periods the steers of the experimental group surpassed their herdmates in live weight. It has been found that at the age of 3 months the difference was 14,8 kg (P < 0,01), 6 – 23,9 kg (P < 0,001), 9 – 21,4 kg (P < 0,001), 12 – 38,1 kg (P < 0,001), 15 – 40,3 kg (P < 0,001), and 18 months – 33,5 kg (P < 0,001). The maintenance and fattening of young animals in equal conditions allowed to reveal the most optimal variant of rearing of crossbreds to 18-month age with a live weight of 500–510 kg and their transfer to slaughter. Characterizing the profitability of production of live weight gain in the experimental group of animals, it has been found that the most profitable (34,8 %) was the rearing of animals up to 18 months of age, which is by 2,3 % higher than when rearing steers up to 16 months of age, and 2,4 % higher than when rearing them up to 20 months of age.

PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF CAUCASIAN BROWN AND CROSSBRED WITH SWISS YOUNG ANIMALS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Р.М. ЧАВТАРАЕВ ◽  
А.А. ХОЖОКОВ ◽  
М.М. АЛИЛОВ ◽  
Ш.М. ШАРИПОВ
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

В статье приведены результаты исследований роста и развития чистопородного кавказского бурого и помесного (кавказская бурая × швицкая) молодняка и воспроизводительной способности телок. Помесные телки при рождении имели живую массу 26,7 кг, а чистопородные — 23,9 кг, то есть преимущество в пользу первых составило 2,8 кг. Различия в показателях живой массы сохранялись и в последующие периоды — в 18-месячном возрасте разница в пользу помесей составляла уже 9,8 кг. Разница в живой массе бычков при рождении составила 2,3 кг, а в 18 мес — 8,3 кг. Помесный молодняк имел преимущество по высотным промерам в возрасте 18 мес на 0,3—1,2 см, а по широтным (ширине, глубине и обхвату груди) — на 0,3—1,9 см. Помесные животные имели более удлиненное туловище на 2,0 см. Продолжительность их стельности в среднем была на 2,1 дня больше (280,4) по сравнению с чистопородными. По показателю крупноплодности бычки, полученные от помесных первотелок, превзошли чистопородных на 1,9%, а телки — на 1,6%. Живая масса первотелок опытной группы была на 16,2 кг больше, чем в контрольной — 385,4 кг против 369,2 кг. За фактическую лактацию помесные первотелки имели удой выше, чем чистопородные, на 96,9 кг, по выходу молочного жира превосходство было на 3,5 кг и белка — на 3,0 кг. The article presents the results of research on the growth and development of purebred Caucasian brown and crossbred (Caucasian brown × Swiss) young animals and the reproductive capacity of heifers. Crossbred heifers at birth had a live weight of 26.7 kg, and purebred — 23.9 kg, that is, the advantage in favor of the first was 2.8 kg. Differences in live weight indicators persisted in subsequent periods — at 18 months of age, the difference in favor of crossbreeds was already 9.8 kg. Differences in the live weight of calves at birth were 2.3 kg, and at 18 months — 8.3 kg. Crossbred youngsters had an advantage in height measurements at the age of 18 months by 0.3—1.2 cm, and in latitudinal measurements (width, depth and chest circumference) — by 0.3—1.9 cm. Crossbred animals had a more elongated body by 2.0 cm. The duration of their pregnancy was on average 2.1 days longer (280.4) compared to purebreds. In terms of the large-fruited bulls obtained from crossbred heifers, purebred exceeded by 1.9% and heifers by 1.6%. The live weight of cows in the experimental group was 16.2 kg more than in the control 385,4 kg vs 369,2 kg. In terms of milk yield for actual lactation, crossbred first — born calves had a higher yield than purebred calves by 96.9 kg, in terms of milk fat yield, the superiority was 3.5 kg and protein — 3.0 kg.

scholarly journals NANOAKVAHELAT GERMANIUM AFFECT ON THE GROWTH OF PIGLETS DURING THE PRENATAL PERIOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Kuldonashvili ◽  
V. I. Sheremeta ◽  
V. G. Kaplunenko
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large White ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Growth Intensity ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

The experiment was carried out on cross-breed sows of Large White breed and Landrace of the first farrowing. The groups were formed by the principle of groups-analogues and according to a live weight (180-200 kg). Sows were artificially inseminated by semen of Duroc boars. The experimental animals after farrowing in the I group have been fed for three days with Glyutam 1M at a dose of 20 ml. Females in the II experimental group, from 1 to 9 days before farrowing and 10 days after it, have been fed with Nanoakvahelat Germanium (in aqueous solution) at a dose of 11.16 mg / kg. In addition, they have been fed for 3 days after farrowing with Glyutam 1M at a dose of 20 ml. Sows in the III experimental group have been fed with Nanoakvahelat Germanium at a dose of 11.16 mg/kg in a period of 4-9 days before farrowing and 10 days after it. Animals in the control group during the period from 1 to 9 days before farrowing and 10 days after it have been given in the feed a saline (20 ml). Glyutam 1M was fed after farrowing, so, it could not affect the weight of newborn piglets. This gives us an opportunity to combine the control and experimental groups. If to consider the fact, that in the II experimental group Glyutam 1M was also fed after the farrowing and could not affect the weight of newborn piglets; than sows of the II and the III groups were combined to determine the effect of feeding with Nanoakvahelat Germanium before farrowing on the live weight of newborn piglets. Data analysis shows, that a live weight of normal piglets in the experimental group was at the monitoring level, and the hypotrophous piglets’ weight was less by 6.7%. In the experimental group sows born hypotrophous piglets less by 12 head (15.8%) compared with the control one. Nanoakvahelat Germanium medicine could not affect at the total number of newborn piglets –as the number of these piglets is formed in the first days of gestating period, and the medicine has been fed for 1-9 days before farrowing. Therefore, a fewer hypotrophous piglets’ number in the experimental group with significantly less live weight (compared with control) may indicate, that Nanoakvahelat Germanium helped to increase the number of normal piglets. So we can assume, that the increase of the number of normal piglets, and the reduce of hypotrophous ones and their live weight (p ≤ 0,05), show us the effect of Germanium on the redistribution of nutrients: the fetuses with low growth intensity get nutrients from embryos with higher intensity. To confirm this hypothesis, the experimental piglets were divided into groups depending on the number of days of feeding of Nanoakvahelat Germanium to sows. A live weight of hypotrophous piglets was higher by 9.1% when feeding Nanoakvahelat Germanium from 1 to 5 days before farrowing compared to those ones, that have been fed for 6-7 days. And compared to feeding from 8 to 9 days the difference was within the margin of error. A weight of piglets was lower by 10.0% and 7.5% (6-7 days before farrowing) compared to the subgroups, where the medicine has been given for 1-5 and 8-9 days. In the subgroup of sows, which were injected with Germanium in a period of 6-7 days before the farrowing, the number of hypotrophous piglets with the lowest body weight was the highest among other groups. Herewith the number of normal piglets was the smallest. That is, the assumption that Germanium promotes redistribution of nutrients between fetuses is not true. The growth is largely dependent on the sex of the animal. In the experiment a live weight of newborn male and female piglets was nearly at the same level. It means that their growth intensity was almost the same. Comparative analysis (was held depending on the size of newborn of different sexes) shows, that in the control and experimental groups hypotrophous male piglets had a live weight less by 6.2% and 3.5%, and normal piglets’ weight was higher by 2.2% and 2.7% compared with females. Hypotrophous male and female piglets under research had a live weight less by 7.7% and 4.9% compared with control ones. But, newborns normal piglets were almost identical. The number of hypotrophous male and female piglets was lower by 1 and 11 head, and the number of normal piglets was higher by 8 and 5 head respectively. That is, that the hypothesis about the distribution of nutrients affected by Nanoakvahelat Germanium is confirmed. But it is only about male piglets. It should be noted, that there was only onehypotrophous pigletin the experimental group and it was a male one. Analysis of a live weight and the number of piglets depending on the total feeding dose shows, that a live weight of male piglets increases with the number of days of feeding of the medicine. Such changes of live weight and number of piglets depending on the total dose indirectly support the proposed hypothesis. Therefore, feeding sows with Nanoakvahelat Germanium from 1 to 9 days increases the number of normal newborn piglets without significant changes in their live weight, as well as this medicine leads to a slight increase in a live weight of male piglets.

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