Productivity of corn for grain at different doses of fertilizers and methods of tillage

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
S. D. Litsukov ◽  
A. F. Glukhovchenko
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The South ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Joint Application

The development and implementation of the most optimal agricultural technologies for cultivating crops will allow you to maximize the potential of plants and get high productivity with good quality products. Among the variety of organic fertilizers currently used, a special place is occupied by poultry manure with a high content of nutrients found in the compounds assimilated by plants. In terms of the South-Western part of Central Black earth region, were studied combined effect of methods of primary tillage, doses of poultry manure and compost, combines them in making nitrogen fertilizers and mineral fertilizers on soil agrochemical parameters and grain productivity of corn. The productivity when plowing was 5,79 t/ha in the control variant, with beardless plowing – 4,91 t/ha and with no deep tillage – 4,8 t/ha. Poultry manure and compost (20 t/ha) in its pure form has increased the productivity by 1,02 and 0,87 t/ha when tilling, by 0,82 and 0,89 t/ha when beardless plowing by 0,78 and 0,83 t/ha when no deep tillage relative to control. Additional input in these variants of nitrogen fertilizer led to increase of productivity of corn to 6,99 and of 7,23 t/ha when tilling, which was higher than poultry manure (20 t/ha) and bird compost (20 t/ha) by 0,18 and 0,57 t/ha, when beardless plowing to 5,79 and of 6,37 t/ha. In order to cultivate corn for grain in the South-Western part of the Central Black earth region, it is necessary to plow to a depth of 22-25 cm as the main soil tillage. As the main fertilizer for obtaining stable productivity of corn for grain with the preservation of soil fertility at a high level of profitability, it is necessary to apply poultry manure at a dose of 20 t/ha. In order to achieve higher productivity of corn, we recommend the joint application of organic and mineral fertilizers in the dosage of poultry manure (20 t/ha + N 60) and poultry compost (20 t/ha + N 60).

scholarly journals Type of organic fertilizer rather than organic amendment per se increases abundance of soil biota

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11204
Author(s):  
Maria Viketoft ◽  
Laura G.A. Riggi ◽  
Riccardo Bommarco ◽  
Sara Hallin ◽  
Astrid R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Wide Range

Addition of organic amendments is a commonly used practice to offset potential loss of soil organic matter from agricultural soils. The aim of the present study was to examine how long-term addition of organic matter affects the abundance of different soil biota across trophic levels and the role that the quality of the organic amendments plays. Here we used a 17-year-old fertilization experiment to investigate soil biota responses to four different organic fertilizers, compared with two mineral nitrogen fertilizers and no fertilization, where the organic fertilizers had similar carbon content but varied in their carbon to nitrogen ratios. We collected soil samples and measured a wide range of organisms belonging to different functional groups and trophic levels of the soil food web. Long-term addition of organic and mineral fertilizers had beneficial effects on the abundances of most soil organisms compared with unfertilized soil, but the responses differed between soil biota. The organic fertilizers generally enhanced bacteria and earthworms. Fungi and nematodes responded positively to certain mineral and organic fertilizers, indicating that multiple factors influenced by the fertilization may affect these heterogeneous groups. Springtails and mites were less affected by fertilization than the other groups, as they were present at relatively high abundances even in the unfertilized treatment. However, soil pH had a great influence on springtail abundance. In summary, the specific fertilizer was more important in determining the numerical and compositional responses of soil biota than whether it was mineral or organic. Overall, biennial organic amendments emerge as insufficient, by themselves, to promote soil organisms in the long run, and would need to be added annually or combined with other practices affecting soil quality, such as no or reduced tillage and other crop rotations, to have a beneficial effect.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BIOLOGICAL AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON DARK-GRAY FOREST SOIL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.А. ГАБИБОВ
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Impact

В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы влияния биологических и минеральных удобрений на продуктивность озимой ржи на темно-серой лесной почве в условиях Рязанской области. Исследования проводились по методу расщепленных делянок: на делянках первого порядка на озимой ржи изучали эффективность минеральных и органических удобрений, а на делянках второго порядка – действие биопрепаратов. Результаты исследований показали, что наилучшим из исследованных агроэкологических приемов повышения урожайности озимой ржи является использование в качестве органического удобрения соломы люпина и инокуляции семян биопрепаратами ризоагрин или флавобактерин. Урожайность зерна озимой ржи составляет от 37,5 ц/га при использовании ризоагрина и до 38,7 ц/га – флавобактерина, в среднем за 3 года. Относительно фона прибавка составляет 6,7 и 7,9 ц/га или 21,9 и 25,5%. При данном агротехнологическом приеме прибавка получена как за счет увеличения продуктивных стеблей с 495 ш/м2 до 521 шт/м2 при обработке ризоагрином и 538 шт/м2 при обработке флавобактерином, так и за счет увеличения массы зерна в колосе (35,1 г на контроле, 37,5 г при обработке ризоагрином и 37,7 г флавобактерином). Необходимо отметить, что этот максимальный уровень урожайности в опыте был достигнут без внесения минеральных азотных удобрений. В целом наблюдается прямая корреляция между содержанием азота и урожайностью озимой ржи. Вынос основных элементов питания возрастает с увеличением урожайности. This article discusses the impact of biological and mineral fertilizers on the productivity of winter rye on dark gray forest soil in the Ryazan region. Studies were carried out by the method of split plots: on plots of the first order on winter rye studied the effectiveness of mineral and organic fertilizers, and on plots of the second order-the effect of biological products. The results of the research showed that the best of the studied agroecological methods of increasing the yield of winter rye is the use of Lupin straw as an organic fertilizer and inoculation of seeds with biologics rizoagrin or flavobacterin. The yield of winter rye grain is from 37.5 C / ha using rhizoagrin and up to 38.7 C / ha from flavobacterin, on average for 3 years. Relative to the background, the increase is 6.7 and 7.9 C / ha or 21.9 and 25.5%. With this agrotechnological method, the increase was obtained both by increasing the productive stems from 495 W / m2 to 521 PCs/m2 when treated with rizoagrin and 538 PCs/m2 when treated with flavobacterin, and by increasing the weight of grain in the ear (35.1 g on the control, 37.5 g when treated with rizoagrin and 37.7 g flavobacterin). It should be noted that this maximum level of yield in the experiment was achieved without the introduction of mineral nitrogen fertilizers. In General, there is a direct correlation between nitrogen content and winter rye yield. The removal of essential nutrients increases with increasing yields.

scholarly journals Reducing the manifestation of phytophtorosis and increasing potato yield when applying fertilizers

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Galina Yuryevna Rabinovich ◽  
Daria Vasilievna Tikhomirova
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Potato Resistance

The results of a study of the effectiveness of the joint application of potato mineral and organic fertilizers are presented. The studies were carried out in 2017–2018. on the drained lands of the Tver region. Objects of research - potatoes of the Scarb variety, mineral and organic fertilizers in various doses. Organic fertilizers are products of the processing of organic raw materials based on fermentation processes - multipurpose compost (KMN) and BiGuEM. Mineral fertilizers - ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate and potassium chloride. In the work we used experimental methods - field experiments and theoretical research methods - mathematical statistics. Evaluation of the optimal fertilizer doses showed that BiHuEM organic fertilizer at a dose of 3 t / ha, when used together with mineral fertilizers at a dose equivalent to 3 t BiGuEM, provided potato resistance to late blight compared to the version where KMN was used - almost 8% in 2017 and 12% - in 2018, and compared with the option without the use of fertilizers (control) - by 61% and 23%, respectively. This combination of fertilizers provided the maximum yield (both general and marketable) in comparison with the control by 45% when calculating both types of yield in 2017, and in 2018 by 38% of the total and 53% of the commodity yield. A greater increase in potato yield was also revealed in the variant with BiGueM in comparison with the variant of using KMN - by 4.5% and 5.7% in 2017 and in 2018 by 6.1% and 10%, respectively. An increase in the quality of potatoes was noted, which is confirmed by the low content of nitrates in them, as well as by the increased content of starch, which was especially noted in 2017 - 34.3 g / kg and 15.99%, respectively.

scholarly journals The Influence of Organic Fertilizers on the Abundance of Soil Microorganism Communities, Agrochemical Indicators, and Yield in East Lithuanian Light Soils

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2648
Author(s):  
Diana Sivojiene ◽  
Audrius Kacergius ◽  
Eugenija Baksiene ◽  
Aiste Maseviciene ◽  
Lina Zickiene
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Impact

Soil microorganisms are one of the main indicators used for assessing the stability of the soil ecosystem, the metabolism in the soil, and its fertility. The most important are the active soil microorganisms and the influence of the fertilizer applied to the soil on the abundance of these microorganisms. We aimed to investigate how the applied organic fertilizers affect the most active soil microorganisms, which determine the soil fertility and stability. Fungi, yeast-like fungi abundance, and abundance of three physiological groups of bacteria were analyzed: non-symbiotic diazotrophic, organotrophic, and mineral nitrogen assimilating. This study is valuable because relatively few similar studies have been performed on infertile Lithuanian soils. The first results of a long-term study were obtained. The results show the effect of fertilizers on trends in the changes of microorganism community diversity; however, more analysis is needed to assess the impact of organic fertilizers on the most active soil microorganisms. Therefore, the investigation was continued. The results of the 2020 quantitative analysis of culturable soil microorganisms show that the highest abundance of organotrophic and non-symbiotic diazotrophic bacteria were recorded during the summer season. Meanwhile, the abundance of bacteria assimilating mineral nitrogen and fungi was higher in autumn. Agrochemical parameters were determined at the beginning of the experiment. The highest concentration of Nmin in the soil was determined after fertilizing the plants with the combination of granulated poultry manure (N170) + biological substance Azotobacter spp. The yield of barley was calculated. It was found that the highest yield of spring barley in 2020 was obtained by fertilizing the experimental field with organic in combination with mineral fertilizers.

scholarly journals The Problem of Comprehensive Analysis of Organic Agriculture as a Factor of Environmental Safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Yuriy Dreval ◽  
Valentyna Loboichenko ◽  
Alexandr Malko ◽  
Andrey Morozov ◽  
Svitlana Zaika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Promising Area

AbstractThe paper analyses certain aspects of organic agriculture and emphasises the need for an integrated approach in its research. The necessity of using ecologically safe agricultural production as a component of the development of modern civilized states is pointed out in the paper. The method of direct conductometry has been used to study the total mineral composition of plowed soils, which is considered as a component of “green” chemistry methods. The electrical conductivity of aqueous extracts of arable soils, in which mineral and organic fertilizers are applied, is measured. The obtained data vary between 10 and 220 μS. In the paper, for the first time, the regularities of fluctuations of the data of electrical conductivity of aqueous extracts of arable soils, in which various plant cultures had been grown, were revealed and mineral nitrogen fertilizers or organic fertilizers were introduced. Lower data of electrical conductivity are characteristic of plowed soils, in which mineral fertilizers are applied, which indirectly indicates their depletion. The advantage of using organic fertilizers as a necessary component of organic agriculture has been confirmed. It is noted that a promising area of the research is a complete use of an integrated approach to the organic agriculture being farmed in various European countries.

scholarly journals Biologization technologies in agriculture of the Belgorod region

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
N.I. Kloster ◽  
V.B. Azarov
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The article summarizes the results of field experiments to study the effectiveness of biologization elements in the cultivation of agricultural crops in the Central Black Earth zone of Russia. It has been proved that compost based on poultry manure and granular organic fertilizers with shallow introduction contribute to an increase in yield of up to 50 cwt/ha of grain while improving the fertility of typical chernozem. The coefficient of structure is growing, the bulk density of the soil, physical and chemical characteristics are stabilized. Liquid pig-breeding drainage shows an increase in grain yield but does not have a significant effect on the state of arable land. Similar characteristics apply to technologies for the grain crops cultivation with the use of mineral fertilizers. The greatest economic efficiency was obtained with the combined application of different types of organic fertilizers in moderate doses with the surface method of the main soil cultivation.

scholarly journals THE RESPONSE OF THE WHITE CABBAGE VARIETY AMAGER 611 TO THE APPLICATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL FERTILIZER BIOVEL-ROST MARKA-A IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MOSCOW REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Snegirev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Nutritional Needs

To meet the nutritional needs of cabbage plants and ensure the maximum growth rate and high productivity, a special attention must be paid to the presence of a sufficient amount of readily available nutrients in the soil, primarily nitrogen. Cabbage grows faster against the background of mineral fertilizers, which is explained by the easy availability of the nutrients included in their composition, in comparison with organic fertilizers. At the same time, I.V. Gulyakin notes that the combined application of mineral and organic fertilizers is much more effective than using only mineral or only organic fertilizers. The analysis of the literature data on the effect of agrochemicals on the chemical composition of cabbage indicates that the ratio of individual components of the applied fertilizers, as well as the time of application, can significantly change its chemical composition both towards improving and deteriorating of the basic biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Joint Application of Mineral and Organic Fertilizers on the Development and Productivity of Corn

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
R. Haydarova
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
The Impact

The role of macro– and micronutrients for corn plants is great. They increase the intensity of photosynthesis, participate in biological processes. The work is devoted to the development of science–based methods for increasing the yield and quality of corn. Field experiments were conducted in the northwestern zone of Azerbaijan. Test sites were laid in 4-fold repetition, in 6 versions. Used: ammonium nitrate, simple superphosphate, potassium sulfate, manure, compost of various waste products. All agricultural activities were carried out according to the developed technology. Before ploughing, the entire rate of manure, phosphorus and potassium was introduced, in early spring before tillage. As a result, it was revealed that with the introduction of 20 t/ha of compost — the yield of corn was 85.1 c/ha, i.e. an increase of 15.9 c/ha. It can be concluded that mineral fertilizers in combination with manure in the proportions chosen by the authors effectively affect not only the growth and development of plants, corn productivity also increases.

scholarly journals Application of Organomineral Fertilizers to Winter Wheat in the Rostov Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artyom Yermilov ◽  
Roman Kamenev ◽  
Vladimir Turchin ◽  
Vera Kameneva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Southern Chernozem ◽  
Cereal Plants

Modern crop cultivation technologies are based on various methods of seed and plant treatment using environmentally friendly drugs that stimulate growth and the development of the plants, and increase their productivity and stress resistance. It has been established that the use of organic fertilizers positively affects the vital signs, yield and grain quality of cereal plants. When cultivating winter wheat on the southern chernozem of the Kamensky district (in the Rostov region), the organic fertilizers Router (0.5 or 0.25 l / ton) and Leyli (0.25 l / ton) were used for seed treatment, and Soft Guard (0.2 l / ha) and Humiful Pro (0.2 l / ha) were used in spring tillering and in the flag leaf phase against the background of mineral nitrogen fertilizers in a dose of N32P32K32; the frozen-thawed soil was fertilized with ammonium nitrate in a dose of N40 and foliar fertilization was conducted with carbamide in the heading phase using a dose of N20. This increased the average grain yield by 64.2-64.8% compared with the control variant and by 31.4-32.4% compared with the use of mineral fertilizers. The maximum yield gain was achieved by using the soft-root organic fertilizers Soft Guard (0.2 l / ha) and Gumiful Pro (0.2 l / ha) against the background of mineral fertilizers and seed treatments with Router (0.5 l / ton). Keywords: winter wheat, southern chernozem, organic fertilizers

scholarly journals Effect of humate substances on biological activity and physical properties of eroded soils: a case study of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
B S Kamilov ◽  
A SH Makhkamova ◽  
G S Sodikova ◽  
E T Kodirov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
General Physical

Abstract Worldwide, approximately 3 million hectares of land degraded due to erosion, and every minute approximately 44 hectares of agricultural land are being lost. In fact, agricultural area situated in arid zone is vulnerable to erosion, which leads to decline in agricultural productivity due to low quality soil. Evidently, the vital activity of microorganisms is interlinked with the assimilation of minerals by plants in irrigated lands, that is, the production of high and quality crops. Therefore, this research was intended to see effect of humate substance on biological activity and physical properties of eroded soils, that is, investigate how humate substance impact on overall structure of soils in the Pskent district of Tashkent province. The results extracted from field and laboratory experiments showed that poultry manure in moderately eroded soils and humus and poultry manure variants in washed-out soils ranged from 2.2x107 KHB/g to 7.5-3.0x106 KHB/g. Oligonitrophilic microorganisms were found to be the same in all variants. Micromycetes were observed in humus variants with an average erosion of 2.2x104 KHB/g, and in washed-out soils of 7.5x103 KHB/g. The amount of actinomycetes in samples 3 and 4 was 7.5x103 KHB/g per 1 gram of soil, while in samples 1, 2, 5 and 6 they were not found at all. This means that the amount of actinomycetes was slightly reduced in summer, but the relative changes between the options were 1.1-8.3x108 KHB/g in washed-out soils with moderate erosion in less washed soils, and 7.5-8.3x107 KHB/g in moderately washed and washed soils. Furthermore, influence of humic biofertilizers, organic fertilizers on general physical properties of eroded typical gray soils was also studied. Accordingly, the effect of fertilizers in the control variant was 1.30g/cm3, followed by the variant with the use of mineral fertilizers humate 1.27g/cm3, and the application of poultry manure 1.29g/cm3. In moderately eroded soils, the values were found to be 1.40 g/cm3, 1.35 g/cm3, 1.33 g/cm3, respectively, and 1.25 g/cm3, 1.31 g/cm3, 1.29 g/cm3 in washed out soils.

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