scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF REDUCING THE CIRCULATION OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS IN A ROTARY KILN OF A DRY PRODUCTION METHOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
A. Novoselov ◽  
Yu. Vasina ◽  
I. Novoselova ◽  
D. Goriaynova ◽  
Yu. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Sulfur Oxide ◽  
Firing System

The article considers a method of reducing the circulation of volatile compounds – sulfur, potassium, sodium compounds that can accumulate in the clinker burning system, circulate and lead to the formation of growths and deposits in the calciner, preheater and the loading part of the rotary kiln. The number of circulating compounds in the rotary kiln can be reduced by decreasing their degree of sublimation by converting them to less volatile compounds and removing these compounds from the firing system together with the clinker. In this case, it is necessary to provide a certain molar ratio between alkaline compounds and sulfur oxide, which depends on which compound will leave the burning system together with clinker. The introduction of potassium carbonate reduces the sublimation of sulfur oxide by 16 %, and sodium carbonate-by 45 %, due to the transfer of carbonates to less sublimable sulfates. The change of cement properties – setting time and strength, under the influence of compounds coming out with the clinker is shown. The start of setting of the cement paste is reduced by 41 %, the end of setting by 26 % with an increase in the ratio between alkaline compounds and sulfur oxide. The strength of cement in the initial period of hardening increases, and at the age of 28 days – decreases.

scholarly journals Characterization of Volatile Compounds of Bulgur (Antep Type) Produced from Durum Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Ibrahim Yousif ◽  
Mustafa Bayram ◽  
Songul Kesen
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Volatile Flavor Compounds ◽  
Volatile Flavor ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Bulgur is enjoyed and rediscovered by many people as a stable food because of its color, flavor, aroma, texture, and nutritional and economical values. There is more than one type of bulgur overall the world according to production techniques and raw materials. The volatile compounds of bulgur have not been explored yet. In this study, Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy (GS-MS) methods were used to determine the volatile flavor compounds of bulgur (Antep type, produced from Durum wheat). Approaching studies were used and the results were optimized to determine the ideal conditions for the extraction and distinguish the compounds responsible for the flavor of bulgur. Approximately, 47 and 37 important volatile compounds were determined for Durum wheat and bulgur, respectively. The study showed that there was a great diversity of volatiles in bulgur produced using Durum wheat and Antep type production method. These can lead to a better understanding of the combination of compounds that give a unique flavor with more researches.

Study on the Element Composition of Southern Celadon Porcelain and Coloring Mechanism

2014 ◽  
Vol 484-485 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
Xue Wen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Firing System ◽  
Pink Coloration ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper mainly discusses the Si/Al molar ratio, RO/R2O molar ratio, Fe content, glazing and firing system on the thickness of Longquan Celadon pink coloring effects, and using a colorimeter, field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze better experimental sample microstructure and color and so on. We explored the Longquan Celadon of pink coloration mechanism.

scholarly journals Pentaerythritol Tetrasalicylate in the Chemical Composition of Root Canal Sealers

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Manuela Gonçalves de Souza e Silva ◽  
Eliseu Aldrighi Münchow ◽  
Rafael Pino Vitti ◽  
Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti ◽  
Evandro Piva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Root Canal Sealers ◽  
Diametral Tensile Strength

Abstract The aim of this study was to synthesize and evaluate physicochemical properties of a new salicylate derivative in experimental calcium-based root canal sealers. Two salicylate derivatives were synthesized for the transesterification reaction of methyl salicylate with two different alcohols (1,3-butylenoglicol disalicylate-BD and pentaerythritol tetrasalicylate -PT) in molar ratio 1:3 and 1:6, respectively. The products (BD and PT), were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (RMN). Calcium-based experimental sealers were prepared with the same catalyst paste (60% of MTA, 39% of n-ethyl-o-toluenesulfonamide, and 1% titanium dioxide) and four different concentrations of BD and PT in the base pastes (40/0 - control, 35/5, 30/10 and 20/20) with 60% of bismuth oxide. The experimental sealers were evaluated for setting time, solubility (24 h, 7, 14 and 30 days), diametral tensile strength and Young’s Modulus. Data were analyzed by one- or two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test (p<0.05). The addition of PT reduced the materials setting time. After 24 h the sealer 40/0 and 35/5 had higher solubility, and after 14 and 28 days the sealer 20/20 showed the lowest solubility (p<0.05). After 7 days the sealer 20/20 stabilized its solubility. The sealer 40/0 presented the highest values and the 20/20 presented the lowest values of diametral tensile strength and Young’s modulus (p<0.05). The addition of PT to calcium-based root canal sealers provides benefits to the setting time and solubility.

Injectable calcium phosphate and styrene–butadiene polymer-based root canal filling material

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Hala B. Kaka ◽  
Raid F. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Phosphate Powder ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Background Three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system is mandatory for a successful root canal treatment. Using a filling material with optimal properties may enable the root canal to be sealed well and therefore obtain the desired obturation. Objective To develop a new injectable paste endodontic filling material using calcium phosphate powder and a styrene–butadiene emulsion polymer. Methods The powder phase comprised an equivalent molar ratio of tetracalcium phosphate, anhydrous dicalcium phosphate, bismuth oxide, and calcium chloride. The liquid phase comprised a styrene–butadiene rubber emulsion in distilled water. The powder and the liquid were mixed to achieve a paste consistency. The paste was subjected to various tests including flow, setting time, dimensional change, solubility, and radiopacity to indicate its suitability as a root canal filling material. All these tests were conducted according to the American National Standards Institute–American Dental Association for endodontic sealing materials. After passing these tests, the paste was submitted to an injectability test. Results The material showed acceptable flowability with 19.1 ± 1.3 min setting time and 0.61 ± 0.16% shrinkage after 30 days of storage. We found the highest solubility at 24 h (6.62 ± 0.58%), then the solubility decreased to 1.09 ± 0.08% within 3 days. The material was more radiopaque than a 3 mm step on an aluminum wedge. Furthermore, the material showed good injectability of 93.67 ± 1.80%. Conclusions The calcium phosphate powder in styrene–butadiene emulsion met basic requirements for a root canal filling material with promising properties.

scholarly journals High-Performance Grouting Mortar Based on Mineral Admixtures

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Ma ◽  
Yuehu Tan ◽  
Erbing Li ◽  
Yinsuo Dai ◽  
Meng Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Mineral Admixture ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
The Common ◽  
Water To Binder Ratio

A study on high-performance grouting mortar is reported. The common mortar was modified by mineral admixtures such as gypsum, bauxite, and alunite. The effects of mineral admixtures on the fluidity, setting time, expansion, strength, and other properties of mortar were evaluated experimentally. The microstructure of the modified mortar was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Moreover, the expansive performance and strength of the grouting mortar were verified by anchor pullout test. The results show that the best conditions for gypsum-bauxite grouting mortar are as follows: a water-to-binder ratio of 0.3, a mineral admixture content of ~15%, and a molar ratioKof 2. The ultimate bearing capacity of the gypsum-bauxite grouting mortar anchor increased by 39.6% compared to the common mortar anchor. The gypsum-bauxite grouting mortar has good fluidity, quick-setting, microexpansion, early strength, and high strength performances.

scholarly journals Formulation Composition and Process Affect Counterion for CSP7 Peptide

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawittree Sahakijpijarn ◽  
Chaeho Moon ◽  
John J. Koleng ◽  
Robert O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Sublimation Rate ◽  
19F Nmr Spectra ◽  
Caveolin 1 ◽  
Ph Modifier ◽  
Peak Areas ◽  
The Stability

Counterions commonly remain with peptides in salt form after peptide purification. In animal and human studies, acetate counterions are a safer and more acceptable choice for peptides than others (e.g., trifluoroacetate counterions). Various salt forms of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (CSP7) affect counterion volatilization. The development of lyophilized formulations containing volatile compounds is a challenge because these compounds sublimate away during the process. This work aims to investigate the effect of excipients and lyophilization parameters on the preservation of volatile compounds after lyophilization. The peak areas obtained from 1H and 19F NMR spectra were used to calculate the molar ratio of counterions to CSP7. We found that the pH modifier excipient had the greatest impact on the loss of counterions. By optimizing the molar ratio of bulking agent to CSP7, volatile compounds can be preserved after lyophilization. Higher chamber pressure during lyophilization can lower the sublimation rate of volatile compounds. Moreover, the loss of volatile compounds affects the stability of CSP7 due to the pH shift of reconstituted solutions, thereby causing peptide aggregation. The optimization of the formulation and processing helps preserve volatile compounds, thus minimizing the pH change of reconstituted solutions and maintaining the stability of peptide.

Tensile stress relaxation of wood impregnated with different ACQ formulations at various temperatures

Holzforschung ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Yu ◽  
Jinzhen Cao ◽  
Guangjie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Rapid Phase ◽  
Relaxation Curves

Abstract The reactions between constituents of alkaline copper quat (ACQ) and of wood were investigated by a tensile stress relaxation approach. Small samples were stressed and impregnated with various ACQ solutions, in which the ratios of monoethanolamine (MEA), ACQ, and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) were varied. The other parameters included temperature and concentration of the treating solutions. The stress relaxation curves of wood were recorded during the impregnation period and the effects of impregnation parameters were investigated by an orthogonal experimental design (OED). The effects of water, MEA, and DDAC on stress relaxation of the samples were also observed. The bulking effect of water was tested separately in samples treated with distilled water without stretching. The results showed that the stress relaxes dramatically in the initial period and then changes slightly over a long period, which is readily visible in double logarithmic plots of f (t)/f (0) versus time (t). There are complex interactions between the components of ACQ solutions and wood matrix: (1) in rapid phase I, the splitting of the easily accessible hydrogen bonds (mainly in the amorphous hemicelluloses) are prevalent by interaction with components of ACQ solution; (2) in slow phase II, Cu penetrates deeper in less accessible regions (e.g., in paracrystalline regions of cellulose) and renders possible further relaxation. The results of range and variance analysis reveal that the molar ratio of Cu to MEA and temperature of ACQ solution have significant effects on the rate of reaction during phase I, whereas in phase II only the temperature of ACQ solution has a significant effect. The stress relaxation curves of samples impregnated in water, MEA, and DDAC all showed a quasi one phase stress relaxation rate, which suggests that phase II is mostly related to Cu in ACQ formulations. It is concluded that the formation of complexes with Cu is still the major reaction in wood although there is competition among ACQ constituents for reaction sites.

scholarly journals Development of magnesium calcium phosphate biocement for bone regeneration

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (49) ◽  
pp. 1171-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfeng Jia ◽  
Huanjun Zhou ◽  
Jie Wei ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Hong Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Degradation Ratio ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Fast Dissolution

Magnesium calcium phosphate biocement (MCPB) with rapid-setting characteristics was fabricated by using the mixed powders of magnesium oxide (MgO) and calcium dihydrogen phosphate (Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ·H 2 O). The results revealed that the MCPB hardened after mixing the powders with water for about 7 min, and the compressive strength reached 43 MPa after setting for 1 h, indicating that the MCPB had a short setting time and high initial mechanical strength. After the acid–base reaction of MCPB containing MgO and Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ·H 2 O in a molar ratio of 2 : 1, the final hydrated products were Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 . The MCPB was degradable in Tris–HCl solution and the degradation ratio was obviously higher than calcium phosphate biocement (CPB) because of its fast dissolution. The attachment and proliferation of the MG 63 cells on the MCPB were significantly enhanced in comparison with CPB, and the alkaline phosphatase activity of MG 63 cells on the MCPB was significantly higher than on the CPB at 7 and 14 days. The MG 63 cells with normal phenotype spread well on the MCPB surfaces, and were attached in close proximity to the substrate, as seen by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that the MCPB had a good ability to support cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation, and exhibited good cytocompatibility.

The Influences on Cement Clinker by Disposing Glyphosate Waste Mother-Liquor with Rotary Kiln

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 1247-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Bai ◽  
Lin Jin Zhang ◽  
Chuan Hui Chen ◽  
Xu Chu Ye
Keyword(s):  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Mother Liquor ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Actual Production ◽  
Incineration Residue

Cement clinker was produced in laboratory using the same ingredient as actual production, comparing with the ones which incineration residue of glyphosate waste mother-liquor was added in. The products were characterized by XRD, and the results showed that the main constituents were not changed. And some of the main performances were tested according to GB standards. After the residue was added in, the water requirement of normal consistency remained no change as 26%; the setting time, both initial set and final set, was extended; the soundness was improved a little. And it could be inferred that within a certain range, the more the residue added in, the longer the setting time was, the better the soundness was. According to all the results, using rotary kiln to dispose the waste mother-liquor was feasible in the actual production.

Experimental Study on the Development of New Corrosion Inhibitor Contained a lot of Ca(No2)2 Using Concrete Structure

2008 ◽  
Vol 385-387 ◽  
pp. 605-608
Author(s):  
Byung Chul Moon ◽  
Han Seung Lee ◽  
Young Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Polarization Method ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Calcium Nitrite

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrate as a corrosion inhibitor in mortar containing chloride. In the experiment, test specimens of mortar to which chloride and nitrite had been added, were subjected to accelerated corrosion by means of repeated drying and wetting on condition of high temperature. This study concerns the assessment of the inhibition effect of nitrite-based corrosion inhibitor using a polarization method and its influence on the chloride transport, compressive strength and setting time of concrete. From the results of the experiments, it was confirmed that the lithium, calcium nitrite corrosion inhibitor and new corrosion inhibitor over dosage 0.6 (NO2-/Cl-) molar ratio is very effective in protecting reinforcement from corrosion in mortar in which chloride ions have contained.

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