Genetic polymorphisms in alpha-actinin 3 and ­adrenoceptor beta genes in Austrian elite athletes and healthy controls

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Performance Development ◽  
Genotype And Allele Frequencies

Background: During the last years many studies were conducted to investigate the contribution of various genetic variants to endurance and sprint/power performance of elite athletes. Data on team sport athletes are missing to a large extent. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of selected polymorphisms on elite athlete status in Austrian team sport (handball, soccer), endurance and power athletes as well as in healthy control subjects. Methods: Genotype and allele frequencies of ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739), ADRB1 Ser49Gly (rs1801252), ADRB2 Arg16Gly (rs1042713), ADRB2 Gln27Glu (rs1042714) and the ADRB3 Trp64Arg (rs4994) polymorphisms were determined in 56 Austrian sprint/power athletes, 86 endurance athletes, 143 team sport athletes and 216 healthy non-athletic controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and genotyping was performed by real time polymerase chain reaction using a standard protocol. Results: Handball and soccer players had a higher frequency of the ACTN3 RR genotype and a lower frequency of RX + XX genotypes than the control group. Furthermore, the frequency of athletes being homozygous for the ADRB1 Ser49Ser genotype was significantly higher in team sport athletes in comparison to those competing in power/sprint sports. We did not detect any other differences in genotype distributions between the study groups. Conclusion: This study provides some evidence that the ACTN3 R577X and the ADRB1 Ser49Gly polymorphisms are associated with team sport performance. Larger prospective studies focusing on the genetic influence of performance development are required for confirmation of these findings.

scholarly journals The connection between academic and athletic performance among elite university student athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Andrea Lenténé Puskás
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
Jel Code ◽  
High Level ◽  
Or Team ◽  
The University

Athletes in higher education are not only expected to produce high level performance but to find the balance between the preparation for post-athletic life and the requirements of the university. The objective of this study is to explore the connections between academic performance and level of sport. Also, to elaborate on the role of relevant policy regulations and institutional support that help elite athletes meet academic requirements. Data collection was conducted by means of online questionnaires involving athletes receiving sport scholarships at the University of Debrecen (N=159). The data from questionnaires were processed by using SPSS 18. Version software. For data analyse four groups were extracted based on level of sport performance and involvement: international elite, division I, division II, division III. The results indicate that the academic performance on the two international elite of sport did not differ from the average, and that these athletes did not experience any difficulties earning course credits at the university while being engaged in doing sport. In most cases, elite athletes did not apply for the various kind of support instruments, thus, they are able to balance athletic preparation and academic requirements without supportive modifications of university policies. The results also shed light on the fact that the academic performance does not only depend on the level of sport and the chosen major at the university, but it is also influenced by the time devoted to study and training, and the sport type (individual or team sport). There are differences observed between athletes participating in individual or team sport concerning the general average of grades, the effectiveness of earning credits, the number of weekly training, as well as the time devoted to training in preparatory and competitive periods. According to the results, the various amount of time devoted to study or sport does not necessarily result in academic performance decline. In addition, results support that athletes do keep academic studies rather important and they are aware that university years are considered to be a significant period in preparation for post-athletic life. JEL code: Z20

scholarly journals Effects of Surgical Stress on Serum Cortisol Level: A Comparative Study between Elective and Emergency Surgery

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
SM Selimuzzaman ◽  
Noorzahan Begum ◽  
Nadira Islam ◽  
Shelina Begum
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Serum Cortisol Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Healthy Control

The study was designed to observe the effects of surgical stress on serum level of cortisol in patients undergoing surgical treatment and to find out any differences in hormonal response between elective and emergency surgical procedures. A total number of 60 male subjects aged between 18 and 45 years were included in the study. Of them, 20 were healthy control (Group I), 20 underwent elective surgical treatment (Group II) and emergency surgical interventions were applied in rest 20 subjects (Group III). Study Groups were further divided into subgroups A (preoperative samples were collected 1- hour before operation), B (postoperative samples were collected 1-hour after the end of the operation) and C (postoperative samples were collected 24-hours after operation).Serum cortisol level was estimated by invitro-immunolytic test.Statistical analysis was done by paired, unpaired ‘t' test and regression analysis. The preoperative mean serum cortisol concentration in elective surgical cases was almost similar to that of healthy control. On the contrary, in the emergency surgical cases, a significantly increased mean cortisol level were observed (I vs IIIA and IIA vs IIIA; P < 0.05). The serum cortisol concentrations were increased both in elective and emergency surgical cases after operations but the magnitude of rise was more marked in emergency group of patients (IIB vs IIIB; P < 0.05). Therefore, this study reveals that surgical intervention causes increase in serum cortisol which is more marked in emergency procedure. Key Words: Stress; Cortisol; Surgery DOI:10.3329/jbsp.v2i0.981 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2007 Dec;(2): 28-33.

Gene variants related to the power performance of the Lithuanian athletes

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Ginevičienė ◽  
Erinija Pranckevičienė ◽  
Kazys Milašius ◽  
Vaidutis Kučinskas
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Group Success

AbstractACE (I/D), ACTN3 (R/X), PPARGC1A (Gly482Ser) and PPARA (G/C) polymorphisms have been linked to the success in power-oriented sports through the intermediate phenotypes. The study involved 193 Lithuanian elite athletes and 250 controls. The measured phenotypic variables included short-term explosive muscle power (STEMP) and anaerobic alactic maximum power (AAMP). ACE DD genotype was more common among endurance athletes compared to the power athletes. The ACTN3 genotype frequencies of the elite athletes differed from those of non-elite athletes; however, there were no differences among the athletes and the control group across the PPARGC1A Gly482Ser genotypes. The frequency of PPARA CC genotype increased with the growing skill level of athletes (non-elite 2%, sub-elite 7.7%, elite 11.6%). The STEMP and AAMP were higher in the males than females and they were also higher in the power-oriented group compared to the endurance sports group. Success in power sports can be attributed to the ACE II, PPARGC1A SerSer, PPARA CC genotype in association with phenotypic characteristics such as AAMP and STEMP. ACTN3 XX genotype may not be critical but rather additive to endurance performance. The results show that high muscle power depends on both environmental and genetic factors.

Fabrication and Bioactivity of Porous Titanium Implant

2007 ◽  
Vol 342-343 ◽  
pp. 613-616
Author(s):  
Xia Lu ◽  
Li Ang Xing ◽  
Pei Zhi Wang ◽  
Jun Fu
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Bone Sialoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ha Coating ◽  
Titanium Material ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The aim of this study is to fabricate an implant framework for tissue engineering by sintering titanium beads and coating with hydroxyapatite and test its biocompatibility and bioactivity in vitro. The porous titanium with and without hydroxyapatite coating were involved in study groups. Osteoblastic proliferation, activity of alkaline phosphatase, mRNA of osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein were detected by MTT-assay, ALP test and real-time polymerase chain reaction respectively. The results indicated that the porous titanium material with/without HA coating could promote osteoblastic proliferation significantly contrast to the control group. However, only porous titanium with HA coating increased alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein gene expression apparently and had statistically differences with the other two groups. Abstract no. is TE-Po-044

Association between AUTS2 haplotypes and alcohol dependence in a Japanese population

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Narita ◽  
Kenta Nagahori ◽  
Daisuke Nishizawa ◽  
Eiji Yoshihara ◽  
Atsuko Kawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Genotype And Allele Frequencies

ObjectiveRecent genome-wide analysis has indicated that the autism susceptibility candidate 2 (AUTS2) gene is involved in the regulation of alcohol consumption. We hypothesised that AUTS2 might be associated with the development of alcohol dependence. Therefore, in this exploratory study, we compared the genotype and allele frequencies of the polymorphisms rs6943555 and rs9886351 in the AUTS2 gene between patients with alcohol dependence and healthy control subjects living in a Japanese provincial prefecture. We also examined whether or not the haplotypes consisting of these polymorphisms are related to alcohol dependence.MethodsThe subjects of this study consisted of 64 patients with alcohol dependence and 75 unrelated healthy people. The AUTS2 genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method.ResultsNo significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of the polymorphisms AUTS2 rs6943555 and rs9886351 were found between alcohol dependence and control subjects. On the other hand, the frequencies of the AUTS2 haplotypes were significantly different between them, and the rs6943555 and rs9886351 A-A haplotype was associated with alcohol dependence (p=0.0187).ConclusionThis suggests that the rs6943555 and rs9886351 A-A haplotype might affect the vulnerability to alcohol dependence pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to confirm the reproducibility of the results of this study with increased numbers of subjects.

CLEC4E as a New Tumor Marker for Early Diagnosis of GIT Tumors

2021 ◽  
pp. 3167-3172
Author(s):  
Rasha Hasan Jasim ◽  
Hadeer Haider Abdualameer
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sera Samples

During the period from the beginning of December 2018 to the end of May 2019, 108 resident of Babylon were included to participate in the current study, were divided into two main groups: 81 patients with GIT diseases, their age ranged from 12-80 years; and the controls group (27 individuals) with the age 17-71 years old. Furthermore, the patient group was divided into two subgroups, the first involved 51 patients with GIT tumors and the other with non-tumoral diseases of GIT (30 individuals suffered non tumoral GIT illness were enrolled as a pathological control group). CLEC4L, Serotonin were evaluated in the sera samples of the study groups. The current study revealed statistical significant increase in the levels of serotonin while it showed significant decrease in the levels of CLEC4L in the sera testers of patients with malignant GIT tumors when compared to benign GIT tumors, pathological GIT control, and healthy control groups. The present study showed that the relationship between CLEC4E with serotonin became negative. Serotonin showed the (88%) sensitivity among the assessed criteria followed by CLEC4L (76%).

Identification of nucleotide polymorphism within the NeuroD1 candidate gene and its association with type 1 diabetes susceptibility in Iranian people by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1293-1297
Author(s):  
Maryam Soltani asl ◽  
Parviz Azimnasab-sorkhabi ◽  
Ali-Akbar Abolfathi ◽  
Yashar Hashemi aghdam
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Diabetes Susceptibility ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

AbstractObjectivesDiabetes is a serious disease, and the number of affected individuals with diabetes is considerably high. The aim of this study is the identification of NeuroD1 Ala45Thr polymorphism and its association with type 1 diabetes susceptibility in Iranian people.MethodsClinical and biochemical characteristics for 146 people (76 diabetics and 70 nondiabetics) were measured, such as fasting blood sugar, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, age, and weight in each individual. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (MwoI restriction-enzyme) was used for genotyping of the NeuroD1 Ala45Thr polymorphism.ResultsIn this study, the frequency of the A allele in diabetic patients in comparison with the healthy control group had a significantly higher percentage (p < 0.01), whereas diabetic patients had the AA genotype, approximately four times more than the healthy control group (p < 0.01). In addition, we observed that fasting blood sugar had a higher concentration in the AA genotype than in AG + GG genotypes (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe A allele may be a risk factor for the expansion of type 1 diabetes in the Iranian population. However, the NeuroD1 Ala45Thr polymorphism and its role in type 1 diabetes in different populations are controversial.

scholarly journals Detecting SARS-CoV-2 in the Breath of COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Li ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Qinggang Ge ◽  
Yuguang Du ◽  
Guoqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Results

In the COVID-19 outbreak year 2020, a consensus was reached on the fact that SARS-CoV-2 spreads through aerosols. However, finding an efficient method to detect viruses in aerosols to monitor the risk of similar infections and enact effective control remains a great challenge. Our study aimed to build a swirling aerosol collection (SAC) device to collect viral particles in exhaled breath and subsequently detect SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Laboratory tests of the SAC device using aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus indicated that the SAC device can produce a positive result in only 10 s, with a collection distance to the source of 10 cm in a biosafety chamber, when the release rate of the pseudovirus source was 1,000,000 copies/h. Subsequent clinical trials of the device showed three positives and 14 negatives out of 27 patients in agreement with pharyngeal swabs, and 10 patients obtained opposite results, while no positive results were found in a healthy control group (n = 12). Based on standard curve calibration, several thousand viruses per minute were observed in the tested exhalations. Furthermore, referring to the average tidal volume data of adults, it was estimated that an exhaled SARS-CoV-2 concentration of approximately one copy/mL is detectable for COVID-19 patients. This study validates the original concept of breath detection of SARS-CoV-2 using SAC combined with RT-PCR.

Study of Some Inflammatory Biomarkers in SARS.COV

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
Wael Rasheed Obaead Alfatlawi ◽  
Jwan Ahmed Ali Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Control Objective ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
D Dimer

In the present investigate the mean differences of biomarkers concentrations between study groups including patients suffering from corona virus with severe symptoms compared with control group were studied, it was found that, they were highly significant increase D-dimer, CRP, LDH, IL-6 and ferritin concentrations in patients with severe symptoms compared with healthy control. Objective: This study aims to evaluation of main biomarkers in patients with corona virus such as Lactate Dehydrogenase, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein are all illustrations of enzymatic reactions are all examples of enzymes, IL-6 and ferritin concentrations.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Citrulline Plus Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Extract Co-Supplementation on Maximal and Endurance-Strength and Aerobic Power in Trained Male Triathletes: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
José Burgos ◽  
Aitor Viribay ◽  
Diego Fernández-Lázaro ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
Josefa González-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Endurance Strength

Citrulline (CIT) and nitrate-rich beetroot extract (BR) are ergogenic aids and nitric oxide (NO) precursors. In addition, both supplements seem to have other actions at the level of muscle metabolism that can benefit strength and aerobic power performance. Both supplements have been studied in numerous investigations in isolation. However, scientific evidence combining both supplements is scarce, and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no current study of endurance athletes. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 9 weeks of CIT plus BR supplementation on maximal and endurance-strength performance and aerobic power in male triathletes. This study was a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial where participants (n = 32) were randomized into four different groups: placebo group (PLG; n = 8), CIT plus BR group (CIT- BRG; 3 g/kg/day of CIT plus 3 mg/kg/day of nitrates (NO3−); n = 8), CIT group (CITG; 3 g/kg/day; n = 8) and BR group (BRG; 3 mg/kg/day of NO3−; n = 8). Before (T1) and after 9 weeks (T2), four physical condition tests were carried out in order to assess sport performance: the horizontal jump test (HJUMP), handgrip dynamometer test, 1-min abdominal tests (1-MAT) and finally, the Cooper test. Although, no significant interactions (time × supplementation groups) were found for the strength tests (p > 0.05), the CIT- BRG supplementation presented a trend on HJUMP and 1-MAT tests confirmed by significant increase between two study moments in CIT-BRG. Likewise, CIT-BRG presented significant interactions in the aerobic power test confirmed by this group’s improve estimated VO2max during the study with respect to the other study groups (p = 0.002; η2p = 0.418). In summary, supplementing with 3 g/day of CIT and 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of NO3−) for 9 weeks could increase maximal and endurance strength. Furthermore, when compared to CIT or BR supplementation alone, this combination improved performance in tests related to aerobic power.

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