scholarly journals Determination of Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plant Cassia obtusifolia L. (Chakunda) Leaf Extract on Selected Pathogenic Microbes

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia

Pathogenic microorganisms are major health concerns of infectious diseases. In the present study ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Cassia obtusifolia leaves from Kushtia region (Bangladesh) were subjected to evaluate the in vitro microbial activity against six important human pathogenic bacteria viz., Bacillus subtilis (001-1), Sarcina lutea (002-1), Xanthomonas campestris (004-1), Escherichia coli (005-1), Klebsiella pneumonia (006-1) and Pseudomonas sp. (010-1) employing disc diffusion method. The crude methanolic extract of C. obtusifolia produced maximum area of inhibition (14 mm) against S. lutea (002-1) and crude ethanolic extract of C. obtusifolia produced the largest area of inhibition (11 mm) against K. pneumonia (006-1). The MIC values (256 μg/ml, 512 μg/ml) were obtained from the methanolic isolate and ethanolic extract that produced 4 mm and 3 mm area of inhibition against S. lutea (002-1) and K. pneumonia (006-1). The methanol extract showed greater activity than ethanol extract. The most susceptible bacterial strains to ethanol and methanol extracts were S. lutea (002-1) and K. pneumonia (006-1). So, it may be possible that the production of a new antibiotic from C. obtusifolia L. leaf may be recommended for meningitis and pneumonia. The findings of this research suggest that the extracts of C. obtusifolia L. can be a source of natural antibacterial agents with pivotal applications in pharmaceutical companies to control pathogenic bacteria causing severe illness in humans.

scholarly journals Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant potentiality and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts of Rosenvingea sp. of Bay of Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Alim ◽  
Md Farzanoor Rahman ◽  
Tamim Ahsan ◽  
Toufiqul Islam ◽  
Md Morshedul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Agar Disc

The objective of the present study was to explore the phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of 50% ethanolic extract of Rosenvingea sp. found in the Bay of Bengal of Bangladesh. Seven phytochemicals were tested from the ethanolic extract of Rosenvingea, where four phytochemicals, namely steroid, glycosides, alkaloids, and tannins were present. However, ethanol extract exhibited low antioxidant activity compared to standard ascorbic acid as measured by DPPH-Free radical scavenging assay. In Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay, 50% ethanolic extract showed an LC50 value of 10.88 mg/mL, whereas positive control (K2Cr2O7) showed LC50 59.97 µg/mL suggesting the less toxic property of the ethanolic extract. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Rosenvingea sp. was investigated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria species (Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Klebsiella) by agar disc diffusion method. The highest antibacterial activity was noticed against Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus hominis with a zone of inhibition of 5.00±1.00 mm, 3.66±0.57 mm, and 3.33±0.57 mm, respectively. This is the first study on Rosenvingea sp. from the Bay of Bengal, reporting its phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potentiality. However, more study is required to elucidate its commercial viability in the food and medicine industries. J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 45(1); 59-71: June 2021

Preliminary in Vitro Investigations on The Inhibitory Activity of The Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova ◽  
Toshka Petrova ◽  
Ignat Ignatov ◽  
Stoil Karadzhov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbial Strains

The antimicrobial action of the dietary supplement Oxidal® was tested using the classic Bauer and Kirby agar-gel diffusion method. Clinical and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used in the studies. The tested dietary supplement showed a well-pronounced inhibitory effect against the microbial strains commensurable with that of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent Enrofloxacin and showed even higher activity than the broad spectrum antibiotic Thiamphenicol. The proven inhibitory effect of the tested dietary supplement against the examined pathogenic bacteria is in accordance with the established clinical effectiveness standards for antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Tecoma stans and Abutilon indicum Leaves: An In vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 609-615
Author(s):  
M. Binigha ◽  
R. Gayatri Devi ◽  
J. Selavaraj ◽  
A. Jothi Priya
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Abutilon Indicum

Tecoma stans is a flowering plant belonging to the family Bignoniaceae. It is the floral emblem of the Bahamas. Abutilon indicum belongs to the family Malvaceae. It is also called Indian Mallow. Tecoma stans and Abutilon indicumhave antimicrobial activity and can be used in producing antibiotics. There is an urgent need to produce new antibiotics as there is an increase in the development of pathogen resistant drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Tecoma stansand Abutilonindicum leaves. E.faecalis bacteria were maintained in nutrient agar slopes. The powder of the two herbs, were subjected to extraction by Soxhlet extractor and was concentrated to dry residue by Agar well diffusion method. The nutrient broth was inoculated with bacterial strains. The culture was adjusted to 0.5McFarland turbidity standard. Lawn culture was done in Muller-Hinton agar plate and then the plates were dried. A 6 mm diameter well is bored for different concentrations. The extracts were introduced into the well and allowed to stand for 24 hrs. The antibacterial activity was determined by measuring the zone of inhibition. The present finding on the antimicrobial potential of Abutilon indicum and Tecoma stands showed that the two plants have growth inhibitory activity against oral pathogen E. faecalis. Abutilon indicum has a zone of inhibition greater than Tecoma stans. Abutilon indicum exhibited better activity compared to Tecoma stans.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Cissus quadrangularis Stem Extract on the Pathogenic and Industrial Waste Watered Bacteria

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Cissus Quadrangularis

Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) is a popular climber conspicuous by its flesh quadrangular stem widespread throughout Bangladesh. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of C. quadrangularis extracts was studied against selected pathogenic bacteria, industrial wasted bacteria, and broth dilution assay. The most commonly used method of microbiological assay is the disc diffusion method. C. quadrangularis stem extracted with four solvents (Petroleum spirit, methanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane) were tested for antimicrobial activities against some pathogenic microorganisms Sarcina lutea (002-1), Xanthomonas campestris (004-1), Escherichia coli (005-1), Klebsiella pneumonia (006-1) and some industrial (Tannery, Tobacco, and Sugar mill) waste watered bacteria by disc diffusion method. Among the four extracts, ethyl acetate showed moderate antibacterial activity against X. campestris (004-1) and industrial watered bacteria. But, the commercial disc Oxicycline doesn’t show any antibacterial activity against the industrial waste watered bacteria. Petroleum spirit, methanol, and dichloromethane extract were ineffective against all of the tested bacteria.

Tulbaghia violacea L. I: In vitro antimicrobial properties towards plant pathogens

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leeto Nteso ◽  
Johan C. Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Soil Extracts

The antimicrobial properties of crude methanol extracts of above- and below-soil parts of Tulbaghia violacea were quantified by means of an agar diffusion method against 6 plant pathogenic bacteria and 7 fungi. The growth of 3 out of the 6 bacteria, Clavibacter michiganensis, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas campestris, was significantly inhibited by crude extracts of both below-soil and aerial parts of T. violacea, whereas the growth of Pseudomonas syringae, Erwinia carotovora, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens was unaffectedl. Compared with the standard fungicide, both the aerial and below-soil extracts of T. violacea significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of 6 of the 7 test fungi, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Mycosphaerella pinodes, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and P. ultimum, whereas only the below-soil extract inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum significantly. The broad-spectrum antifungal activity shown by the crude T. violaceae extracts supplied a rationale for a further investigation into the in vivo activity of the extracts under glasshouse and field conditions.

Antimicrobial and Antiochratoxic Activities of Mentha spicata Essential Oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brahmi ◽  
D.E.H. Adli ◽  
M.Y. Boufadi ◽  
W. Arabi ◽  
K. Kahloula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Mentha Spicata

The principle aim of this work is to evaluate the antimicrobial and antiochratoxic power of the essential oil of Mentha spicata (EOM). This oil was obtained by hydrodistillation with a yield of 0.3%. EOM was screened for its possible antibacterial activity in vitro against five strains of pathogenic bacteria, using the solid disc diffusion method and the microdilution method. The extract reacted positively to the bacterial strains tested. The results of the antifungal activity show an inhibition of mycelial growth; it is total on Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium viridicatum, and on Rhizopus stolonifer and Alternaria alternate at a concentration of 12.5 μl/ml. Tests carried out on yeasts mainly referenced as Candida albicans IP444 and Candida albicans 2679 showed minimal inhibition (MIC) of the order of 7.81 μl/ml and 0.97 μl/ml, respectively and theMICis of the order of 0.48 μl/ml for Candida albicans 10 231. In addition, the EOM antiochratoxigenic test for ochratoxin A production capacity following a series of high performance liquid chromatography separation and ultraviolet detection (HPLC–UV) analyses detected an inhibitory effect proportional to the EOM concentration. In general, the essential oil showed an effective antimicrobial action on the growth of the tested pathogens and an antiochratoxigenic.

scholarly journals In vitro antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula leaf gall extracts against some human pathogenic strains

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
BE Ravi Shankara ◽  
YL Ramachandra ◽  
S Sundara Rajan ◽  
J Preetham ◽  
PS Sujan Ganapathy
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
South Indian

The leaf galls of Terminalia chebula is used widely as Karkatasringi in south Indian markets. Karkatashringi is an important crude drug employed in various indigenous systems of medicine against several diseases and the drug has diverse medicinal properties. The present study was carried out to understand the antimicrobial activity of various extracts. The antibacterial activity of T. chebula (leaf gall) was evaluated against ten bacterial strains including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the agar-well diffusion method. Among the two extracts tested, the ethanol extract presented the best results against all the bacteria while aqueous extract showed moderate inhibition of the microbial growth. Each extract is unique against different microorganisms; Staphylococcus aureus was more susceptible to both extract among the tested organisms, whereas Serratia marcescens and Proteus mirabilis were less susceptible for ethanol and aqueous extract respectively. The inhibitory effect of the extracts was compared with standard antibiotic Ciprofloxacin.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i8.11254 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(8): 217-220 

scholarly journals IN VITRO SCREENING OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OBTAINED FROM FICUS LYRATA WARB. (MORACEAE) LEAVES

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tkachenko ◽  
L. Buyun ◽  
Z. Osadovskyy ◽  
M. Truhan ◽  
Ye. Sosnowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Ficus Lyrata

In the current investigation, screening of ethanolic extract obtained from Ficus lyrata leaves against pathogenic bacteria has been done in order to assess the antimicrobial activity aimed at detecting new sources of antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was determined using agar disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of leaf extract of F. lyrata was tested against human pathogenic bacteria — both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Gram-negative strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli). The results of this study provide evidence that the ethanolic extract of F. lyrata leaves has a mild antimicrobial activities, apparently, attributed to the presence of various secondary metabolites, which confirm the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of diseases caused by pathogens. These data allow us to suggest that the extracts of F. lyrata can be used to discover antibacterial substances for developing new pharmaceuticals to control clinically important pathogens responsible for severe disorders.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and Paederia foetida Plant Leaves’ Extracts Against Some Selected Bacterial Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Arnaba S Chaity ◽  
Tamanna Nasrin ◽  
Khandker J Ferdouse ◽  
Md. Fazlul Haque ◽  
Md. Asadul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana ◽  
Paederia Foetida ◽  
Kalanchoë Blossfeldiana

There is an alternative approach to control the infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially resistant bacteria. This study was designed to determine the antimicrobial activities of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and Paederia foetida plants’ extracts against some selected bacterial strains. K. blossfeldiana and P. foetida leaves were extracted in methanol. In vitro antibacterial activities were evaluated against 12 bacterial strains including, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus sciuri, Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus iniae, Aeromonas diversa, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Siccibacter colletis, Edwardsiella anguillarum, Aeromonas cavernicola, Enterobacter xiangfangensis, and Vibrio rotiferianus. Antimicrobial activities were screened by the disk diffusion method. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth dilution method. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 statistical software. In antimicrobial screening, both the plant extracts showed highest inhibition (15 mm zone diameter) against S. gallinarum at the concentration of 20 μg/disk and 15 μg/disk, respectively. In the MIC test, both K. blossfeldiana and P. foetida leaves’ extracts showed the lowest MIC value of 100 μg/ml on V. rotiferianus and S. iniae, respectively. From the above findings, it can be concluded that the extracts may be used as a natural antibacterial agent for the treatment of some bacterial diseases. Further investigations on the chemical composition and possible isolation of active ingredients are warranted.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF IN VIVO PLANT AND IN VITRO CALLUS EXTRACT OF CARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
THANIARASU R ◽  
LOGESHWARI M
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic

Objective: The present investigation focuses on the use of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. in their phytochemical and biological activities. Methods: In this study, in vivo stem and in vitro callus ethanolic extracts of C. halicacabum were tested for their phytochemical attributes by qualitative method, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), antioxidant, antibacterial, and bioactive compound properties. The bactericidal activity of the in vivo stem and in vitro callus extract has been evaluated in both Gram+ve and Gram-ve microorganisms using the disk diffusion method. Results: The highest frequency (78%) of well developed, dark green organogenic callus was induced from stem explant on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.7 mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 0.5 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA). The results of FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of functional groups in wild stem and in vitro callus extract of C. halicacabum with various peaks. The total phenolic content in ethanolic extract of in vivo plant and in vitro callus was 80.46 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight and 76.4 mg GAE/g dry weight, respectively. The highest percentage of tannins was measured at 78.03 in wild stem ethanol extracts followed by 75.22 in callus extract. The antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ethanol extract was found to be 206.54 μg/ml. IC50 values of the stem extracts of C. halicacabum are 306 μg/ml and 286 μg/ml in callus extract, respectively. Antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract was higher for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with a 17 mm zone of inhibition. Conclusion: The present investigation recommended that the callus ethanolic extract function as a good source of biologically active compounds and natural antioxidants.

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