scholarly journals A Review of the Prevalence and Diagnostic Points of Cryptosporidium Species in Immunocompromised and Healthy Human Samples in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Soudabeh Etemadi ◽  
Omid Raiesi ◽  
Muhammad I. Getso ◽  
Vahid Raissi ◽  
Hosnie Hoseini
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Cryptosporidium Hominis ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Human Samples ◽  
Iranian Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens ◽  
Review Study

Cryptosporidium species are important intestinal pathogens with widespread distribution in humans and other hosts. Whereas the parasite causes acute and self-limiting gastroenteritis in people with healthy immune systems, many reports on this infection around the world are limited to people with defective or suppressed immune systems who suffer from a persistent and deadly infection. Using laboratory-serological and molecular methods for the detection of Cryptosporidium species in immunocompromised and healthy human samples, recent studies in Iran indicated that the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in different samples varied between 0 to 14%. The samples in Iranian studies included human fecal and diarrheic samples from diarrheic children, patients with gastroenteritis, immunocompromised individuals, and people in contact with livestock. Furthermore, some species were reported based on molecular studies including Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis. Some studies have also reported Cryptosporidium meleagridis. In this review study, data were collected regarding the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in high-risk individuals such as children and immunocompromised individuals. The results revealed that the higher prevalence of C. parvum in Iranian studies in the last 10 years may be attributed to the transmission of infection from animal sources.

Profil Pasien Katarak Senilis Pada Usia 40 Tahun Keatas di RSI Siti Rahmah Tahun 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Rada Puspita ◽  
Haves Ashan ◽  
Fidiariani Sjaaf
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Cataract Patients

Vision impairment is estimated to affect 285 million people in the world, where 16-20% experience blindness, from the number of blindness suffered at the age of 40-50 years. Cataract seninis is all lens opacities that are found in old age that is above 40 years. The purpose of identifying and collecting frequency data Profile of Senilis cataract patients at the age of 40 years and above at RSI Siti Rahmah Padang in 2017. The research method is descriptive type of research, this study data taken is secondary data, In this study data was taken from the Medical Record at RSI Siti Rahmah Padang. When the study was conducted in February-August 2018, the population of this study were all cataract patients at the age of 40 years and above at RSI Siti Rahmah Padang in 2017 with 80 samples. Data analysis is univariate presented in the form of a frequency distribution table. Results From 80 respondents as many as 40 people (50%) were in the age range of 60-69 years, as many as 42 people (52.5%) patients were male, as many as 31 people (38.8%) patients with high school education and 35 people (43.8%) patients work as private companies. Conclusion In general, most patients are at the age of 60-69 years, the most sex is men, the highest education is high school and most patients are private.

A review study of nasal endoscopy protocol during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (CSI) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Rafid Jabbar
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Nasal Endoscopy ◽  
Paranasal Sinus Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Procedure ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Review Study

During ENT practice, we have to examine the nose and perform several nasal procedures in our clinics. Otolaryngologists are at a high risk of exposure to the COVID-19 virus. Nasal endoscopy is a major procedure for the diagnosis of the nasal and paranasal sinus diseases and introducing proper health services for our patients. In addition, the world is living the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, for which we have to protect ourselves, educate our medical staff, and work together against the spread of this severely contagious disease within our communities. The main purpose of this study is to review the protocol of nasal endoscopy in the ENT clinic and enhance the safest way to deal with patients during this pandemic.(1)

Obesity And Covid-19: A Descriptive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Cibele Alexandra Ferro ◽  
◽  
Manuela Guedes Pereira ◽  
Maria Júlia Busnardo Aguena ◽  
Vítor Afonso Favaretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
World Health ◽  
Data Platform ◽  
The World ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: According to data provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), 5,941,223 confirmed cases and 366,601 deaths had already been reported by May 31, 2020. Higher rates of infection, hospitalization, submission to the Intensive Care Units, and fatalities were attributed to obese patients. Objective: To gather the available data on obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study specifically covers combined pathophysiology and prognosis and will be updated until September 2020. Methods: This is a literature review study with a narrative-descriptive approach. The search was carried out in September 2020, with the totality of articles from that same year, when the pandemic of the new coronavirus was declared by the World Health Organization. Results: The search on the data platform resulted in 121 articles, of which 86 were classified as reviews and 35, systematic reviews, totaling 18 reviews and 7 systematic reviews at the end, with a total value of 16 articles with sufficient quality. Obesity is associated with increased severity of COVID-19 in the infected individual with this disease, due to the chronic inflammatory process, with high levels of pro-inflammatory leptin and a lower concentration of anti-inflammatory adiponectin, which causes a response delayed and inferior immune system. Conclusion: Individuals with this association have an easier time in the formation of possible clots, due to chronic inflammation and impaired fibrinolysis, which qualifies them as individuals of significant thrombogenic risk. Thus, individuals with obesity are an important risk group when considering its association with the disease of the new coronavirus.

scholarly journals Investigation of the frequency of rabies in EMRO countries: A review study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Pazira ◽  
◽  
Mahsa Golahdouz ◽  
Mahsa Taherizadeh ◽  
Behzad Pourhossein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Health System Performance ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
The World ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Health Laws

Objective: Rabies is a dangerous zoonotic infectious disease. Dog bites cause 99% of all human deaths from rabies. In Europe and North America, however, with the successful control of rabies in dogs, the wild cycle of rabies is the major and dominant cycle of disease. According to the WHO classification, the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) countries are divided into population health laws, health system performance, and health spending levels. This review aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of rabies in the EMRO countries in these three categories. Methods: In this study, using some search engines (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched about the frequency of rabies in EMRO countries without considering the time and related content. Results: In some parts of the world, including most countries in the region, EMRO, rabies is endemic and a serious problem for human and animal health. Conclusions: According to the global strategic plan to end human deaths from rabies by 2030, all the countries in the EMRO region and the international organizations such as WHO, OIE, etc., must take the necessary measures to control this disease. Regional and global cooperation, and comprehensive and effective policies, are required to solve this issue. Keywords: rabies; surveillance; epidemiology.

scholarly journals Uang Elektronik: Praktik dan Substansi Dari Perspektif Keuangan Syariah (Studi Kasus: BCA Flazz & Go-Pay)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Adi Martono ◽  
Yuddy Yudawirawan
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Bank Deposits ◽  
The World ◽  
Conventional Banks

The use of electronic money as a transaction tool in everyday life is a necessity, people use the money to pay for various needs such as buying goods in the marketplace, buying food online, KRL train tickets, paying toll tickets and others. On the other hand, the use of electronic money in society raises questions, especially for Muslims. Is electronic money as a medium of exchange in accordance with the Qur'an and As-Sunnah? Several Indonesian Muslim scholars who are concerned about the practice of Muamalah Maaliyah have given their thoughts and opinions on the use of electronic money. This paper is a step in answering this question. This paper will try to provide an explanation why the use of electronic money is not in accordance with the Qur'an and As-Sunnah. This research uses case study – qualitative research as research methodology. For this study, data were collected from documentation: Bank Indonesia regulations, the fatwa of the Sharia Council-Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI), fatwas of world scholars, instructions for the use of electronic money from banks/issuing companies, participant observations and observations, namely as users of electronic money who also use electronic money. Experienced as a banker in a state-owned bank. Using this method, this research will explore and explain how electronic money is managed and why some Muslims doubt this money. The conclusion of this study is that Bank Indonesia as the regulator and DSN-MUI issued a fatwa and this is in line with the fatwa issued by Majma' al-Fiqh al-Islami under the World Muslim League in its decision No. 86, 3/9 explains that “bank deposits, both in Islamic banks and conventional banks, from the fiqh point of view are debt, having different views on the concept and characteristics of electronic money used in Indonesia. The solution to this problem is that Bank Indonesia as a regulator needs to open space so that electronic money that is in accordance with sharia provisions can be realized so that the interests of the Muslim community are met. Abstrak Penggunaan uang elektronik sebagai alat transaksi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari adalah suatu keniscayaan, masyarakat menggunakan uang tersebut untuk membayar berbagai keperluan seperti membeli barang di marketplace, membeli makanan secara online, tiket kereta api KRL, membayar tiket tol dan lain-lain. Di sisi lain, penggunaan uang elektronik di masyarakat menimbulkan pertanyaan terutama bagi umat Islam. Apakah uang elektronik sebagai alat tukar sesuai dengan Al-Qur'an dan As-Sunnah? Beberapa cendekiawan muslim Indonesia yang concern terhadap praktik Muamalah Maaliyah telah memberikan pemikiran dan pendapatnya tentang penggunaan uang elektronik. Tulisan ini merupakan langkah dalam menjawab pertanyaan tersebut. Tulisan ini akan mencoba memberikan penjelasan mengapa penggunaan uang elektronik tidak sesuai dengan Al-Qur’an dan As-Sunnah. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus – penelitian kualitatif sebagai metodologi penelitian. Untuk penelitian ini data dikumpulkan dari dokumentasi: ketentuan Bank Indonesia, fatwa Dewan Syariah-Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI), fatwa ulama sedunia, instruksi penggunaan uang elektronik dari bank/perusahaan penerbit, observasi dan observasi partisipan yaitu sebagai pengguna uang elektronik yang juga berpengalamanan sebagai bankir di bank milik pemerintah. Dengan menggunakan metode ini, penelitian ini akan mengeksplorasi dan menjelaskan bagaimana uang elektronik dikelola dan mengapa sebagian umat Islam meragukan uang ini. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Bank Indonesia selaku regulator dan DSN-MUI yang mengeluarkan fatwa dan ini sejalan dengan fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh Majma’ al-Fiqh al-Islami di bawah Liga Muslim Dunia dalam keputusannya No. 86, 3/9 menerangkan bahwa “simpanan bank, baik di bank Islam maupun bank konvensional, dari sudut pandang fiqih merupakan hutang, memiliki pandangan yang berbeda mengenai konsep dan karakteristik uang elektronik yang digunakan di Indonesia. Solusi dari permasalahan ini adalah Bank Indonesia sebagai regulator perlu membuka ruang agar uang elektronik yang sesuai dengan ketentuan syariah dapat diwujudkan sehingga kepentingan masyarakat muslimin terpenuhi. Kata Kunci: Uang Elektronik, Bank, Penerbit Uang Elektronik, Riba

scholarly journals AL-QUR’ĀN MESSAGE ABOUT ETHOS OF WORK IN THE PANDEMIC TIME COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Eka Damayanti ◽  
Firdaus ◽  
Abdul Ghany ◽  
Ekawati Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
The World ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Holy Book

Al-Qur’ān is the holy book as a guide for people in any condition. This including the COVID-19 pandemic that has spread across the world. This article aims to outline the message in the Qur'ān about work ethic during the Covid-19 pandemic. This article is a literature review study with the Maudhui method of the Qur'ān verses related to work ethic. It was using content analysis. The study showed that even though the pandemic is taking place, Muslims are still obliged to work because Allah expressly commands them to work. God's commandment is that humans carry out work according to their ability and earnestly for life in the world and a provision in the hereafter because work is an act of jihad fisabillah.

scholarly journals Measles Distribution Map according to Measles Immunization and Vitamin A Coverage

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Vika Gress Vio Dilita ◽  
Lucia Yovita Hendrati
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Measles Incidence

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Indonesia is one of the ten countries with the most significant number of measles cases in the world. Immunization coverage in Trenggalek Regency has reached the target of prevention of measles in the elimination stage, namely measles immunization coverage> 95%, the incidence of measles persists and increases in the last three years, from 2013 to 2015. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the trends between measles immunization status and the provision of vitamin A with the incidence of measles in Trenggalek Regency. Methods: This type of research is an observational study with a cross-sectional study design. The sample population is consist of 14 sub-districts in Trenggalek Regency. Data was taken from the health profile of Trenggalek Regency in 2013, 2014, and 2015. In this study, data processing were analysed by Health Mapper application version 4.3.0.0 with product version 4.03 to determine data descriptively. Results: Distribution of measles incidence with immunization coverage in Trenggalek Regency in 2013, 2014, and 2015 showed that measles incidence tended to increase followed with the decreasing number of measles immunization coverage each year. Ironically, the distribution of measles incidence with vitamin A administration in 2013, 2014, and 2015 showed the incidence of measles had increased because of the inconsistent amount of vitamin A administration. Conclusion: Measles incidence tends to occur in low immunization coverage areas and has decreased from the previous year. Giving vitamin A does not prevent the occurrence of measles, but serves to reduce compilation.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review on Detraining Effects after Balance and Fall Prevention Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 4656
Author(s):  
Shaghayegh Modaberi ◽  
Esmaeel Saemi ◽  
Peter A. Federolf ◽  
Steven van Andel
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Review Study

Since the COVID-19 pandemic hit, lockdowns have been implemented to fight off infections in countries around the world. Whilst this measure is without a doubt effective against spreading infection, it might also decrease participation in exercise. For older adults, exercise is particularly important in the prevention of falls, and sudden detraining because of a lockdown or due to other causes might have detrimental consequences. This systematic review study aims to assess what is currently known on detraining effects for balance outcomes. Nine studies were included within this review. Results suggest that detraining effects could already be significant as early as 4 weeks after stopping the intervention. Programs that specifically focus on improving balance were more robust against detraining, with most positive effects still being present after 8 weeks. However, even with a specific focus on balance, studies started to show some signs of detraining. The current study is limited by the low number of included studies in the review, indicating a need to further confirm these results.

scholarly journals Herpetofauna of an Atlantic rainforest area (Morro São João) in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Almeida-Gomes ◽  
Davor Vrcibradic ◽  
Carla C. Siqueira ◽  
Mara C. Kiefer ◽  
Thaís Klaion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Plot Sampling ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Janeiro State

We studied the herpetofaunal community from the Atlantic forest of Morro São João, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and present data on species composition, richness, relative abundance and densities. We combined three sampling methods: plot sampling, visual encounter surveys and pit-fall traps. We recorded sixteen species of amphibians and nine of reptiles. The estimated densities (based on results of plot sampling) were 4.5 ind/100 m2 for amphibians and 0.8 ind/100 m² for lizards, and the overall density (amphibians and lizards) was 5.3 ind/100 m². For amphibians, Eleutherodactylus and Scinax were the most speciose genera with three species each, and Eleutherodactylus binotatus was the most abundant species (mean density of 3.0 frogs/100 m²). The reptile community of Morro São João was dominated by species of the families Gekkonidae and Gymnophtalmidae (Lacertilia) and Colubridae (Serpentes). The gymnophtalmid lizard Leposoma scincoides was the most abundant reptile species (mean density of 0.3 ind/100 m²). We compare densities obtained in our study data with those of other studied rainforest sites in various tropical regions of the world.

Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation in Patients with Covid-19 in the World: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Razzaghi ◽  
Fatemeh Sadat Asgarian ◽  
Hossein Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Related Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Analysis Protocol

BACKGROUND The pandemic of Covid-19 started in China in late 2019 and has spread rapidly around the world. Psychological problems such as suicide ideation of Covid-19 is one of the main consequences of this pandemic, which needs more attention OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine a comprehensive estimate of the prevalence of suicidal ideation in patients with Covid-19 in the world. METHODS The review study will be based on the following databases: databases of Web of Sciences, Mediline/Pubmed, Proquest, Scopus, Science Direct. This study is limited to original studies published in peer-reviewed journals in English. RESULTS The quality assessment of studies will be done using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for reporting the prevalence data. The overall synthetized measurement will be presented as Prevalence with 95% confidence intervals. CONCLUSIONS This review and meta-analyses will be the first study that explores the prevalence of suicide ideation related to Covid-19. Summarizing the related data can create an image of the dimensions of the problem across the world and provide plans to prevent that.

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