scholarly journals Efficacy of extraoral suction devices in aerosol and splatter reduction during ultrasonic scaling: A laboratory investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
Sivaporn Horsophonphong ◽  
Yada Chestsuttayangkul ◽  
Rudee Surarit ◽  
Wannee Lertsooksawat
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Scaling Procedure ◽  
Scaling Methods ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
De Man ◽  
Contaminated Area

Background. Ultrasonic scaling generates aerosols and splatters contaminated with microorganisms, increasing the risk of disease transmission in the dental office. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of extraoral suction (EOS) units in aerosol and splatter reduction during ultrasonic scaling. Methods. Ultrasonic scaling was conducted on a dental manikin headset to simulate a scaling procedure. Water containing Lactobacillus acidophilus at a concentration of 107 colony-forming units per milliliter and 1% fluorescein solution was used as the water supply of the scaler. The scaling procedure was conducted with a high-volume evacuator (HVE) or the combination of HVE and an EOS unit. de Man–Rogosa–Sharpe agar plates were placed at different distances surrounding the dental chair. Filter papers were placed at various positions surrounding the oral cavity and on areas of the body. Results. Bioaerosols were detected at every sampling site and could travel as far as 150 cm from the oral cavity. The combination of HVE and EOS significantly reduced the total number of bacterial colonies in the air (P<0.001). Dissemination of the stain was in the range of 20 cm from the oral cavity. The maximum contaminated surface area was at the 4 o’clock position from the oral cavity. The combination of EOS and HVE significantly reduced the contaminated area (P<0.05). The stain was also found on the wrists, chest, abdomen, and lap of the operator and assistant. The lap was the most contaminated area of the body. Conclusion. EOS was effective in reducing the bioaerosols and splatters generated during ultrasonic scaling.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PADA TUBUH LALAT RUMAH (Musca domestica Linn.) DI TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR SAMPAH (TPA) DAN PASAR

Jurnal Biota ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Yunita Panca Putri
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
House Fly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
Vibrio Genus

ABSTRACT Several species of flies are the most important species in public health problems, especially as a disease transmission vector. One of them is Musca domestica. The role of flies in the spread of disease is as a mechanical vector, by bringing the seeds of disease through the limbs. Therefore it is necessary to understand what bacteria found in the body of M. domestica fly in Sukawinatan landfill, Palembang. This study aimed to find out the type of bacteria in the body of M. domestica in Sukawinatan landfill, Palembang and Jakabaring Main Market. This study was conducted from June to August 2017. The sampling site of home fly (M. domestica) was in Sukawinatan landfill and the Jakabaring main market of Palembang. Meanwhile, the research was conducted in Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas PGRI Palembang and Microbiology Laboratory of Department of Biology, FMIPA UNSRI Indralaya. Bacteria found on the body of flies were 6 isolates, 4 bacterial isolates in the fly originating from Sukawinatan landfill and 2 bacterial isolates in the fly from Jakabaring main market. Four (4) bacteria were found in Sukawinatan landfill from Salmonella, Providencia, Escherichia and Vibrio genus. Meanwhile, bacteria found in fly species at Jakabaring main market were 2 bacteria from Salmonella and Proteus genus. Keywords:      Bacteria; House fly (Musca domestica).

February 9 — Dentist Day in Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Oksana Rybachok
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Spiritual Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Quality Of Food

«Man is what he eats,» these words belong to the great Pythagoras. He meant by these words the connection of the origin of consumed food with the spiritual development of man. In fact, a lot depends on the nature of nutrition, the quality of food and, of course, on the degree of its perception by the body. Digestion process begins not in the stomach, but directly in the oral cavity as a result of mechanical processing of products with teeth and under the influence of the secretion of the salivary glands. That is why healthy teeth are the key to the normal functioning of the whole organism — people should start taking care of their teeth from the early childhood and dentists, who are far from being beloved by everybody and are often carelessly evaded, are called upon to help keep the teeth healthy.

Importance of Oral Health in Pregnancy: A Mini-symposium

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-158
Author(s):  
Aditi Priyamvara ◽  
Amit K. Dey ◽  
Antara Bagchi ◽  
Raveena Kelkar ◽  
Rajaram Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Impact ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: It is known that hormonal imbalances during pregnancy make women more susceptible to dental problems. High levels of progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy, lead to an increased inflammatory response to dental plaque thus causing predisposing to gum diseases such as gingivitis. If untreated, gingivitis leads to chronic periodontitis which may manifest systemically in form of cardiovascular, endocrine or even respiratory disorders. Also, hyperacidity in the oral cavity due to gastric reflux and vomiting leads to decreased pH thus damaging the tooth enamel making the oral cavity more prone to tooth decay and tooth loss. Studies also show that periodontal disease can also lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as pre-term and low birth weight babies. Objectives: We sought to understand the role of oral health in pregnancy. Methods: We identified major articles of interest in the field of oral health in pregnancy and drafted a mini-symposium based on relevant information. Conclusion: Regular dental visits and cognizant efforts to sustain a healthy oral environment can help women in the prevention and treatment of dental issues during pregnancy. The paper highlights the common oral manifestations during pregnancy and their local and systemic impact on the body during pregnancy. Furthermore, it also emphasizes the importance of good oral health practices to counteract the oral complications and the significance of oral health awareness in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Splatters and Aerosols Contamination in Dental Aerosol Generating Procedures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1914
Author(s):  
Pingping Han ◽  
Honghui Li ◽  
Laurence J. Walsh ◽  
Sašo Ivanovski
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Equipment ◽  
Produce Contamination ◽  
Fluorescein Dye ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Airborne Disease

Dental aerosol-generating procedures produce a large amount of splatters and aerosols that create a major concern for airborne disease transmission, such as COVID-19. This study established a method to visualise splatter and aerosol contamination by common dental instrumentation, namely ultrasonic scaling, air-water spray, high-speed and low-speed handpieces. Mock dental procedures were performed on a mannequin model, containing teeth in a typodont and a phantom head, using irrigation water containing fluorescein dye as a tracer. Filter papers were placed in 10 different locations to collect splatters and aerosols, at distances ranging from 20 to 120 cm from the source. All four types of dental equipment produced contamination from splatters and aerosols. At 120 cm away from the source, the high-speed handpiece generated the greatest amount and size (656 ± 551 μm) of splatter particles, while the triplex syringe generated the largest amount of aerosols (particle size: 1.73 ± 2.23 μm). Of note, the low-speed handpiece produced the least amount and size (260 ± 142 μm) of splatter particles and the least amount of aerosols (particle size: 4.47 ± 5.92 μm) at 120 cm. All four dental AGPs produce contamination from droplets and aerosols, with different patterns of distribution. This simple model provides a method to test various preventive strategies to reduce risks from splatter and aerosols.

scholarly journals Tissue-specific tregs in cancer metastasis: opportunities for precision immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Huppert ◽  
Michael D. Green ◽  
Luke Kim ◽  
Christine Chow ◽  
Yan Leyfman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Long Term Treatment

AbstractDecades of advancements in immuno-oncology have enabled the development of current immunotherapies, which provide long-term treatment responses in certain metastatic cancer patients. However, cures remain infrequent, and most patients ultimately succumb to treatment-refractory metastatic disease. Recent insights suggest that tumors at certain organ sites exhibit distinctive response patterns to immunotherapy and can even reduce antitumor immunity within anatomically distant tumors, suggesting the activation of tissue-specific immune tolerogenic mechanisms in some cases of therapy resistance. Specialized immune cells known as regulatory T cells (Tregs) are present within all tissues in the body and coordinate the suppression of excessive immune activation to curb autoimmunity and maintain immune homeostasis. Despite the high volume of research on Tregs, the findings have failed to reconcile tissue-specific Treg functions in organs, such as tolerance, tissue repair, and regeneration, with their suppression of local and systemic tumor immunity in the context of immunotherapy resistance. To improve the understanding of how the tissue-specific functions of Tregs impact cancer immunotherapy, we review the specialized role of Tregs in clinically common and challenging organ sites of cancer metastasis, highlight research that describes Treg impacts on tissue-specific and systemic immune regulation in the context of immunotherapy, and summarize ongoing work reporting clinically feasible strategies that combine the specific targeting of Tregs with systemic cancer immunotherapy. Improved knowledge of Tregs in the framework of their tissue-specific biology and clinical sites of organ metastasis will enable more precise targeting of immunotherapy and have profound implications for treating patients with metastatic cancer.

Biomechanical interactions of Schistosoma mansoni eggs with vascular endothelial cells facilitate egg extravasation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ting Yeh ◽  
Danielle E. Skinner ◽  
Ernesto Criado-Hidalgo ◽  
Natalie Shee Chen ◽  
Antoni Garcia-De Herreros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Maturation State

AbstractThe eggs of the parasitic blood fluke, Schistosoma, are the main drivers of the chronic pathologies associated with schistosomiasis, a disease of poverty afflicting approximately 220 million people worldwide. Eggs laid by Schistosoma mansoni in the bloodstream of the host are encapsulated by vascular endothelial cells (VECs), the first step in the migration of the egg from the blood stream into the lumen of the gut and eventual exit from the body. The biomechanics associated with encapsulation and extravasation of the egg are poorly understood. We demonstrate that S. mansoni eggs induce VECs to form two types of membrane extensions during encapsulation; filopodia that probe eggshell surfaces and intercellular nanotubes that presumably facilitate VEC communication. Encapsulation efficiency, the number of filopodia and intercellular nanotubes, and the length of these structures depend on the egg’s vitality and, to a lesser degree, its maturation state. During encapsulation, live eggs induce VEC contractility and membranous structures formation, in a Rho/ROCK pathway-dependent manner. Using elastic hydrogels embedded with fluorescent microbeads as substrates to culture VECs, live eggs induce VECs to exert significantly greater contractile forces during encapsulation than dead eggs, which leads to 3D deformations on both the VEC monolayer and the flexible substrate underneath. These significant mechanical deformations cause the VEC monolayer tension to fluctuate with eventual rupture of VEC junctions, thus facilitating egg transit out of the blood vessel. Overall, our data on the mechanical interplay between host VECs and the schistosome egg improve our understanding of how this parasite manipulates its immediate environment to maintain disease transmission.

Methods of application of ozone therapy for the treatment of peri-implantation mucositis

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Iu. A. Makedonova ◽  
D. V. Mikhalchenko ◽  
O. Yu. Afanaseva ◽  
S. V. Stavskaya ◽  
D. Yu. Dyachenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Ozone Therapy ◽  
Dental Implantation ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Local Exposure ◽  
Single Idea ◽  
Prosthetic Complications

At the dental reception, complications after dental implantation in the form of mucositis and peri-implantitis are becoming more and more common. There are quite a lot of risk factors for the development of inflammation of the parotid tissue, there is no single idea about the etiopathogenesis of the above pathology. Mucositis refers to the initial stage of peri-implantitis development and is reversible. The specialist should promptly diagnose the development of the inflammatory potential and start treatment, in order to prevent the development of bone destruction around the implants. One of the methods of local exposure to the lesion is ozone therapy.Goal. This paper describes the method of treatment of peri-implantation mucositis by ozone therapy.Materials and methods. In patients with peri-implantation mucositis, the inflammatory peri-implantation tissue was ozonated directly in the oral cavity with the Ozotron device in order to relieve inflammation and improve microcirculation in the oral cavity. Before performing oral ozonation, all patients underwent a general clinical examination to identify contraindications to this method. It also describes in detail the scheme that prevents the penetration of ozone into the body and prevents its ingestion.Results. During ozonation, a positive trend was obtained in the treatment of post-prosthetic complications during dental implantation. The developed scheme of ozonation in the oral cavity stops the inflammation of the peri-implantation tissue. Side effects and complications during ozone therapy directly in the oral cavity were not detected.Conclusions. The inclusion of ozone therapy in the treatment regimen of patients with peri-implantation mucositis is an appropriate and justified physiotherapy method. 

scholarly journals DIAGNOSIS OF ORAL MUCOSAL PATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF GROUP B VITAMIN IMBALANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Anna Yatsenko ◽  
Lidiya Trankovskaya ◽  
Olga Artyulova
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin Deficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Group B

Subject. The scientific works of recent years show an increase in the degree of negative impact of vitamin deficiency and vitamin-like substances on the state of health of the population. With the deficiency of most vitamins, synthetic processes and regeneration of oral tissues are reduced, so often the initial signs of hypovitaminosis are stomatitis, gingivitis, glossitis, and therefore, it is dentists who are the first to diagnose deviations in the body associated with vitamin deficiency. This justifies the relevance and practical value of studying and describing clinical cases of manifestations of deficient vitamin conditions in the oral cavity. The object – is to study the effect of B vitamins on the oral mucosa in order to increase the effectiveness of diagnosis of vitamin-deficient conditions of the human body. Methodology. These clinical examples illustrate the management experience of patients with manifestations of deficient vitamin conditions on the oral mucosa. Clinical and laboratory methods of diagnosing the analysed conditions of the organism were applied. Statistical processing of materials was carried out using the STATISTICA 10 software (StatSoft, Inc., USA). Results. The deficient condition of the organism in relation to vitamins B2, B6, B12 in patients 18-75 years old has been studied. Characteristic clinical changes on the oral mucosa of the examined patients were established. So, in most patients with vitamin B2 deficiency, the classic Sebrel triad was found: dermatitis, glossitis, cheilitis. In those examined with a lack of vitamin B6, language desquamations (smoothed, polished language) were determined in the 83.6%, often combined with glossodinia. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency were characterized by a lesion in the form of Meller-Gunter glossitis in 74.9% of cases, moreover, 67.6% of patients showed paresthesia in the area of tongue and oral mucosa. Conclusions. The study found that the first clinical symptoms of deficient conditions of the presented vitamins of group B were found from the oral cavity. Thus, it is the dentist who is the first to diagnose the pathological states of lack of group B vitamins in the human body, which emphasizes the importance and relevance of continuing to study these states of the body.

scholarly journals Microbiological aspects in conservative treatment of generalized periodontitis using autotrombocytic mass

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
Turaeva F.A.
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Normal Microflora ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Microbiological Aspects

The primary factor causing periodontal damage is plaque bacteria. The etiological structure of infectious processes in the last decade has changed significantly, due to the constant evolution of microbes and the involvement of opportunistic microbes in the pathological process, which can act as commensals in the normal microflora and manifest their pathogenicity with a decrease in the body's immune status. Inflammatory processes in the oral cavity are sometimes an endogenous infection caused by the resident flora of not only the oral cavity, but also other ecosystems of the body.

scholarly journals Isolation of Candida Species from the Oral Cavity and Fingertips of Complete Denture Wearers

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Nagaral ◽  
Raviraj G Desai ◽  
Vikas Kamble ◽  
Anand Kumar G Patil
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Denture Stomatitis ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Oral Candidosis ◽  
Candidal Colonization

ABSTRACT Background Wearing a dental prosthesis is known to increase oral candidal colonization and predispose the wearer to oral candidosis. Denture wearers frequently use fingers to take the prosthesis out of their mouth. Oral Candida, if present may contaminate wearer's finger. The objective of this study was to investigate the simultaneous candidal colonization of oral cavity and fingertips of complete denture wearers. Materials and methods A total of 25 apparently healthy male subjects who had worn complete dentures for at least 1 year were selected. Information about each patient's denture age, denture hygiene, handling, and wearing habits, and hand washing habits after denture handling were be obtained. Intraoral examination of all the patients was done. For microbiological examination samples were collected from the fingertip and oral rinse of each patient. Candida species were identified with use of germ tube test and commercially available yeast identification system. Data was statistically analyzed. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results It was found that frequency of hand washing, denture handling and denture stomatitis with respect to fingertip candidal isolation was not statistically significant. But poor denture hygiene and denture stomatitis with respect to oral candidal colonization was statistically significant. Conclusion Denture wearers with oral Candida had a higher prevalence of Candida contamination on their fingers. Patients with removable prostheses should be informed about the importance of proper prosthesis and personal hygiene and the possibility of microbial contamination of the hands and other parts of the body. How to cite this article Nagaral S, Desai RG, Kamble V, Patil AKG. Isolation of Candida Species from the Oral Cavity and Fingertips of Complete Denture Wearers. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(6):712-716.

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