scholarly journals Effects of concurrent eight-week aerobic trainings and Rosa canina L. fruit hydroalcoholic extract on liver enzymes and malondialdehyde of liver in male rats following an acute aerobic exercise until exhaustion

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-712
Author(s):  
Amir Khosravi
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Serum Enzymes ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Rosa Canina

Background: Rosa canina L. has high levels of carotenoids, flavonoids and, vitamin C antioxidant compounds that can withstand the destructive effects of exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress. The present study aims to investigate the effects of concurrent eight-week aerobic training and Rosa canina L. fruit hydroalcoholic extract on some liver enzymes and malondialdehyde of liver in male rats following an acute aerobic exercise until exhaustion. Methods: The present research was an experimental study. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (N=10): placebo (without exercise + distilled water 2 ml supplement), supplement (without exercise + Rosa canina L extract, 100 mg/kg), exercise (8 weeks exercise + distilled water 2 ml), combined (8 weeks exercise + Rosa canina L extract, 100 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, half of the rats were killed immediately before exhaustive exercise; while the other half were killed immediately after performing an acute exhaustive exercise on the treadmill. Serum enzymes AST, ALT, and hepatic malondialdehyde levels were measured by ELISA and thiobarbituric acid methods, respectively. Results: The results show that in all groups except the combined group serum AST, ALT, and malondialdehyde of the liver were significantly increased following an acute exhaustive exercise compared to the prior exhaustive exercise (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of Rosa canina L Fruit hydroalcoholic extract with aerobic exercise prevented the increase of hepatic malondialdehyde and serum enzymes AST, ALT levels following an acute exhausting exercise.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Thyme Honey against Valproic Acid Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rezvan Omidipour ◽  
Leila Zarei ◽  
Mandana Beigi Boroujeni ◽  
Asghar Rajabzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Thyme Honey

Introduction. Valproic acid is a medication most commonly used in the treatment of emotional and neurological depression, psychological imbalances, epilepsy, and bipolar disorder. Dark honey, like thyme honey, contains more antioxidant compounds than other samples. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of thyme honey on the potential hepatic effects of valproic acid. Methods. In this study, 48 male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups ( n = 6 ): G1 (control): healthy rats (normal saline 0.9%), G2: thyme honey (1 g/kg), G3: thyme honey (2 g/kg dose), G4: thyme honey (3 g/kg dose), G5: VPA (500 mg/kg), G6: VPA (500 mg/kg) and thyme honey (1 g/kg), G7: VPA (500 mg/kg) and thyme honey (2 g/kg dose), and G8: VPA (500 mg/kg) and thyme honey (3 g/kg dose). Groups G1 to G5 received the drug for 28 days. On day 14, administration of thyme honey for G6 to G8 groups was carried out using gavage until day 28. VPA was administered one hour after honey. To carry out the biochemical evaluation, blood samples were collected from all the groups and their serums were used for MDA, TAC, and liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and GGT). Tissue samples of each rat were also removed for histological studies with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. Results. The use of thyme honey significantly improved the histopathological parameters of the liver tissue, including hypertrophic degeneration and nucleus alteration, expansion of sinusoids, fibrosis and hepatic necrosis, and inflammation as well as hypertrophy of Kupffer cells. In the groups receiving VPA, the rate of lipid peroxidation increased, which indicates the destruction of the liver cell membrane due to drug consumption. TAC levels also increased following increase in thyme honey dosage ( p ≤ 0.05 ). The results of liver enzyme analysis showed a decrease in AST and ALT levels in the G6 group and a decrease in GGT level in the G8 group ( p ≤ 0.05 ). Conclusion. Based on the results of this study, it seems that high percentage of antioxidants in thyme honey enabled it to improve hepatic complications and reduce the rate of hepatocellular destruction.

scholarly journals Resveratrol attenuates malathion-induced liver damage by reducing oxidative stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 212-219
Author(s):  
Cyrus Jalili ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Farzaei ◽  
Shiva Roshankhah ◽  
Mohammad Reza Salahshoor
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Nitrite Oxide ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean

Abstract BACKGROUND: Malathion is an organophosphate insecticide which disrupts the antioxidant system of the body. Resveratrol is a phytoestrogen and antioxidant of the red grape. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol against toxic effects of malathion to the liver of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 48 male rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups: control normal (saline) and malathion control-treated groups (50 mg/kg), resveratrol groups (2, 8, and 20 mg/kg), and malathion + resveratrol-treated groups (2, 8, and 20 mg/kg). Treatments were administered intraperitoneally daily for 14 days. Griess technique was assessed for determined serum nitrite oxide level. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations were determined for liver functional disturbances. In addition, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, antioxidant capacity, the diameter of hepatocytes, and the central hepatic vein (CHV) were investigated. RESULTS: Malathion administration significantly improved liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite oxide level, the mean diameter of CHV and hepatocyte, and liver enzymes and decreased tissue ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) level compared to the normal control group (P < 0.01). The resveratrol and resveratrol + malathion treatments at all doses significantly reduced the mean diameter of hepatocyte and CHV, liver enzymes, kidney MDA, and nitrite oxide levels and increased tissue FRAP level compared to the malathion control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: It seems that resveratrol administration improved liver injury induced by malathion in rats.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Aerobic Exercise Against L-Name-Induced Kidney Damage in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maghsoud Peeri ◽  
Masoumeh Habibian ◽  
Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Nitric Oxide Deficiency ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

Exercise, alone or combined with changes in lifestyle, can prevent or reduce the need for pharmacotherapy in patients with compromised endothelium-dependent function. The aim of this study was to examine the protective effect of aerobic exercise against (L-NAME)-kidney damage in male rats induced by Nω-nitro- L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). L-NAME was administered to rats intraperitoneally in doses of 10 mg kg-1 six days a week over eight weeks. Rats exercised by running on a treadmill at the speed of (15 to 22) m min-1, 25 min to 64 min per day, five days a week over eight weeks. The rats were killed 48 h after the last dose, and their kidneys removed and homogenised to measure the levels of heat shock protein70 (HSP70), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). We also measured serum nitrite/nitrate. Chronic administration of L-NAME significantly increased renal HSP70 and TBARS levels and decreased renal SOD activity and serum nitrites/nitrates. Training modified abnormal renal HSP70, lowered TBARS, and increased SOD and serum nitrite/nitrate. Our results have confirmed that regular aerobic exercise protects against nitric oxide deficiency-induced kidney damage by modifying HSP70, up-regulating SOD activity, and depleting TBARS.

Cardioprotective Effects of Diet with Different Grains on Lipid Profiles and Antioxidative System in Obesity-Induced Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kim ◽  
H. Shin ◽  
S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Male Rats

In the present study, the nutritional quality of four grains including adlay (AD), buckwheat (BW), glutinous barley (GB), and white rice (WR) were evaluated in terms of plasma lipid parameters, gut transit time, and thickness of the aortic wall in rats. The rats were then raised for 4 weeks on the high-fat diet based on the American Institute of Nutrition-93 (AIN-93 G) diets containing 1 % cholesterol and 20 % dietary lipids. Forty male rats were divided into 4 groups and raised for 4 weeks with a diet containing one of the following grains: WR, AD, BW, or WB. The level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in liver was shown to be higher in rats by the order of those fed WR, AD, GB, and BW. This indicates that other grains decreased oxidative stress in vivo more than WR. The superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase levels in the AD, BW, and GB groups were significantly higher than those in the WR group (p < 0.05). Plasma lipid profiles differed significantly according to grain combination, and decreased aortic wall thickness was consistent with the finding of decreased plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p < 0.05) and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) in rats fed AD, BW, and GB (p < 0.001). The antioxidant and hypolipidemic capacities of grains are quite high, especially those of adlay, buckwheat, and glutinous barley. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that the whole grains had a cardioprotective effect. This effect was related to several mechanisms that corresponded to lowering plasma lipids, decreasing TBARS, and increasing antioxidant activities.

scholarly journals Subchronic Toxicity Study in Rats of Two New Ethyl-Carbamates with Ixodicidal Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Guadalupe Prado-Ochoa ◽  
Víctor Hugo Abrego-Reyes ◽  
Ana María Velázquez-Sánchez ◽  
Marco Antonio Muñoz-Guzmán ◽  
Patricia Ramírez-Noguera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Female and male Wistar rats were used to determine the subchronic oral toxicities of two new ethyl-carbamates with ixodicidal activities (ethyl-4-bromphenyl-carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorphenyl-carbamate). The evaluated carbamates were administered in the drinking water (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day) for 90 days. Exposure to the evaluated carbamates did not cause mortality or clinical signs and did not affect food consumption or weight gain. However, exposure to these carbamates produced alterations in water consumption, hematocrit, percentages of reticulocytes, plasma proteins, some biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cholinesterase, and creatinine activities), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and the relative weight of the spleen. Histologically, slight pathological alterations were found in the liver that were consistent with the observed biochemical alterations. The nonobserved adverse effect levels (NOAELs) of the evaluated carbamates were 12.5 mg/kg/day for both the female and male rats. The low severity and reversibility of the majority of the observed alterations suggest that the evaluated carbamates have low subchronic toxicity.

scholarly journals Effect of Aging on the Cornea of Male Albino Rat and Possible Therapeutic Role of Royal Jelly

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H R Elareny ◽  
A I Ahmed ◽  
A F Alneklawy ◽  
M K Tawfik
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Therapeutic Role ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Introduction Nowadays interest in aging has greatly increased, Aging is a complex natural process involving every molecule, cell, and organ in the body that is associated with tissue dysfunction in many organs. Aging of the cornea causes major eye effects and leads to substantial cost in medical and social terms. These effects include the highly prevalent dry eye disease (DED) that affects both visual function and quality of life in elderly. Symptoms of (DED) include, ocular pain, visual disturbances, and increase lacrimation. Functional foods such as Royal jelly (RJ) have a growing attention because of consumers increasing concerns about their health. Its importance not only for its nutritional properties but also for its functional and biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-ulcerous activities. It is used as a cheap natural source in daily life and medicine. (RJ) is a complex substance composed of proteins, sugars, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Aim The present study aimed to investigate the histological effect of aging on the cornea of male albino rat and possible therapeutic role of (RJ) on senile group. Materials and Methods Twenty-four male albino rats were used in this study divided into Group I: consisted of 6 adult male rats aged 3- 6 months. Group II: consisted of 18 senile male rats aged 18-24 months, were further subdivided into three subgroups as follows: Group II A: (n = 6) negative control senile rats, not subjected to any procedure for 4 weeks. Group II B: (n = 6) control senile rats and were given distilled water by oral gavage once daily for 4 weeks. Group II C: (n = 6) senile rats were given (RJ) by oral gavage dissolved in distilled water once daily for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed after being deeply anesthetized with ether according to the protocol of the Committee of Animal Research Ethics (CARE). The cornea of each animal was carefully dissected out after death and immediately fixed in 10% formalin for preparation of paraffin blocks 5 micrometer thickness. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (I-I&E), Masson's trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Statistical analysis and quantitative morphometric study were done. Results Light microscopic examination of corneas of senile rats revealed different pathological changes included irregularity in the surface epithelium as well as surface erosions and cytoplasmic vacuolations. The stroma showed widely separated collagen fibers with decreased keratocyte density. It was concluded that (RJ) supplementation to senile rats obviously unproved all layers of the cornea histologically.

scholarly journals Changes in Cardiac Levels of Caspase-8, Bcl-2 and NT-proBNP Following 4 Weeks of Aerobic Exercise in Diabetic Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Saeid Tanoorsaz ◽  
Naser Behpoor ◽  
Vahid Tadibi
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caspase 8

Introduction: Cardiac apoptosis is one of the most important cardiovascular complications of diabetes. We aimed to investigate the changes of caspase-8, Bcl-2, and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in cardiac tissue after 4 weeks of aerobic exercise in male rats with diabetes. Methods: Forty adult male rats were randomly allocated to healthy control, diabetes, control + exercise and exercise + diabetes groups. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) solution (55 mg/kg). Two weeks after injection, fasting blood glucose levels were measured. After the induction of diabetes, the exercise program was performed for 4 weeks (5 sessions per week) at a speed of 15 to 18 m/min for 25 to 44 minutes. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the subjects were anesthetized and the heart muscle was removed. Caspase-8, Bcl-2 and NT-proBNP levels were measured by ELISA method. Results: The induction of diabetes in the control group resulted in a significant increase in caspase-8, and NT-proBNP levels while an insignificant increase was observed for Bcl-2 levels (P<0.05). In non-diabetic groups, exercise caused no changes in caspase-8, NT-proBNP and Bcl-2 (P<0.05). Exercise in diabetic groups significantly decreased NT-proBNP while no changes were observed in caspase-8 and Bcl-2 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings showed that diabetes increases the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic agent. In addition, 4 weeks of regular aerobic exercises can be used as a non-pharmacological strategy to reduce the complications of apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyocytes.

scholarly journals The Enhanced Beneficial Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Over Evening Primrose Oil on Oxidative Stress, and Liver Function in Male Arthritic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Kandeil ◽  
Sana’a O. Ebrahim ◽  
Basant M. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Evening Primrose Oil ◽  
Evening Primrose

Aims: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the onset of oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the enhancing of extra virgin olive (EVOO) and Evening primrose oil (EPO) on oxidative stress and liver enzymes in male Wistar rats and compare between them. Place and Duration: Faculty of Science biochemistry department, Between July 2018 and August 2018. Methodology: A Subcutaneous injection of 200 µl of Freund's complete adjuvant into a footpad of the right hind leg of Wistar male rats at two consecutive days induced RA. Rats received EVOO and EPO daily by oral gavage needle with gauge 18 at doses of 5 mg/kg b.wt./day. for 10 and 21 days. No loss was recorded in the experimental rats. Results: A significant depletion in serum Reduced glutathione content (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione s transferase activities (GST) in arthritic rats compared to normal rats after 10 and 21 days of induction which improved significantly after 10 and 21 days of EPO and EVOO treatments. EPO and EVOO treatments for 21 days increased the GSH and GPX compared to 10 days treatments while no difference in GST activity. EVOO treatment improved GSH and GPX after 10 and 21 days than EPO treatment. The elevated uric acid levels in arthritic rats were markedly ameliorated as a result of EVOO and EPO treatment administration. Increased lipid peroxidation products (MDA), rheumatoid factor, and liver enzyme (Alanine transaminase ALT and Aspartate transaminase AST) were recorded in arthritic rats and they significantly progressed after EPO and EVOO treatments for 10 and 21 days but EVOO had the best effect at 21 days. Conclusion: EVOO and EPO showed significant antioxidant efficacies and improved affected liver enzymes due to rheumatoid arthritis onset. When comparing olive oil has more antioxidant properties than evening primrose oil, so we recommend more studies on olive oil combination with anti-arthritic medications to improve their efficacies with less toxicity.

scholarly journals β-endorphin response to aerobic and anaerobic exercises in Wistar male rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-9
Author(s):  
Rostika Flora ◽  
Mohammad Zulkarnain ◽  
Sukirno
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

BACKGROUND Physical exercise is strongly associated with the release of β-endorphin. It is assumed that the type and intensity of physical exercise contributes to the release of β-endorphin. This study aimed to compare levels of β-endorphin in brain tissue in response to aerobic and anaerobic physical exercise. METHODS This study was an experimental laboratory study using 35 male Wistar rats divided into one control group and two physical exercise treatment groups: aerobic and anaerobic. Physical exercise was conducted on an animal treadmill running at aspeed of 20 m/min for 30 min of aerobic exercise and 35 m/min with 1-min intervals every 5 min for 20 min for anaerobic exercises. Each aerobic and anaerobic exercise group was furtherly classified into three subgroups (1×/week, 3×/week, and 7×/week). β-endorphin levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The highest mean of β-endorphin level was found in the weekly exercise (54.45 [1.41] pg/ml) of aerobic exercise group and daily exercise (70.50 [11.67] pg/ml) of anaerobic exercise group. Mean of β-endorphin level in control group was 33.34 (3.54) pg/ml. A significant increased of β-endorphin mean level (p<0.001) was found in all aerobic and anaerobic exercise groups except the aerobic exercise 7×/week group(37.37 [6.30] pg/ml) compared to control. CONCLUSIONS Both aerobic and anaerobic physical exercise conducted for 6 weeks could increase the level of β-endorphin in brain tissue.

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