scholarly journals Protective Effect of Thyme Honey against Valproic Acid Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rezvan Omidipour ◽  
Leila Zarei ◽  
Mandana Beigi Boroujeni ◽  
Asghar Rajabzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Thyme Honey

Introduction. Valproic acid is a medication most commonly used in the treatment of emotional and neurological depression, psychological imbalances, epilepsy, and bipolar disorder. Dark honey, like thyme honey, contains more antioxidant compounds than other samples. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of thyme honey on the potential hepatic effects of valproic acid. Methods. In this study, 48 male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups ( n = 6 ): G1 (control): healthy rats (normal saline 0.9%), G2: thyme honey (1 g/kg), G3: thyme honey (2 g/kg dose), G4: thyme honey (3 g/kg dose), G5: VPA (500 mg/kg), G6: VPA (500 mg/kg) and thyme honey (1 g/kg), G7: VPA (500 mg/kg) and thyme honey (2 g/kg dose), and G8: VPA (500 mg/kg) and thyme honey (3 g/kg dose). Groups G1 to G5 received the drug for 28 days. On day 14, administration of thyme honey for G6 to G8 groups was carried out using gavage until day 28. VPA was administered one hour after honey. To carry out the biochemical evaluation, blood samples were collected from all the groups and their serums were used for MDA, TAC, and liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and GGT). Tissue samples of each rat were also removed for histological studies with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. Results. The use of thyme honey significantly improved the histopathological parameters of the liver tissue, including hypertrophic degeneration and nucleus alteration, expansion of sinusoids, fibrosis and hepatic necrosis, and inflammation as well as hypertrophy of Kupffer cells. In the groups receiving VPA, the rate of lipid peroxidation increased, which indicates the destruction of the liver cell membrane due to drug consumption. TAC levels also increased following increase in thyme honey dosage ( p ≤ 0.05 ). The results of liver enzyme analysis showed a decrease in AST and ALT levels in the G6 group and a decrease in GGT level in the G8 group ( p ≤ 0.05 ). Conclusion. Based on the results of this study, it seems that high percentage of antioxidants in thyme honey enabled it to improve hepatic complications and reduce the rate of hepatocellular destruction.

scholarly journals Effects of concurrent eight-week aerobic trainings and Rosa canina L. fruit hydroalcoholic extract on liver enzymes and malondialdehyde of liver in male rats following an acute aerobic exercise until exhaustion

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-712
Author(s):  
Amir Khosravi
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Serum Enzymes ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Rosa Canina

Background: Rosa canina L. has high levels of carotenoids, flavonoids and, vitamin C antioxidant compounds that can withstand the destructive effects of exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress. The present study aims to investigate the effects of concurrent eight-week aerobic training and Rosa canina L. fruit hydroalcoholic extract on some liver enzymes and malondialdehyde of liver in male rats following an acute aerobic exercise until exhaustion. Methods: The present research was an experimental study. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (N=10): placebo (without exercise + distilled water 2 ml supplement), supplement (without exercise + Rosa canina L extract, 100 mg/kg), exercise (8 weeks exercise + distilled water 2 ml), combined (8 weeks exercise + Rosa canina L extract, 100 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, half of the rats were killed immediately before exhaustive exercise; while the other half were killed immediately after performing an acute exhaustive exercise on the treadmill. Serum enzymes AST, ALT, and hepatic malondialdehyde levels were measured by ELISA and thiobarbituric acid methods, respectively. Results: The results show that in all groups except the combined group serum AST, ALT, and malondialdehyde of the liver were significantly increased following an acute exhaustive exercise compared to the prior exhaustive exercise (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of Rosa canina L Fruit hydroalcoholic extract with aerobic exercise prevented the increase of hepatic malondialdehyde and serum enzymes AST, ALT levels following an acute exhausting exercise.

Abstract P211: Single High Na + Ingestion Leads To An Increase In Oxidative Stress And Triggers Inflammation.

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginette Bordcoch ◽  
Ivan Tavera Busso ◽  
Juan Masjoan Juncos ◽  
Luis I Juncos
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Difference

Hypertension has been linked to a progressive increased in oxidative stress and inflammation. The high prevalence of hypertension poses a great risk to public health as 108 million adults in the United States have the condition. For that reason, a better understanding of the link between a high Na+ intake and the development of hypertension is of crucial importance. We hypothesize that a single ingestion of a high Na+ solution leads to increased oxidative stress and triggers an inflammatory response. Wistar 200-250 g male rats had gastric infusions through the esophagus. Groups were infused with 8 mL liquid Vaseline (Control), 8 mL of NaCl 0.684 M (4% m/v), and 8 mL of NaCl 1.368 M (8% m/v). After infusion, blood was collected at different time points during the first hour. Tissue samples were obtained from the aorta, heart, and kidney. Electron Microscopy (EM) was performed on all tissues, which were also analyzed for molecular markers of oxidative stress: Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA), and an inflammation marker: Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK). At 2 and a half minutes, serum Na+ concentration was unchanged in the control group compared to an increase observed in animals receiving 4% and 8% Na+ with concentrations of 135±1.4 mEq/L, 141±2.0 mEq/L, and 140±1.2 mEq/L respectively. At the 1-hour time point after infusion, the difference was further increased in the 8% group with serum concentrations of 135±1.8 mEq/L, 140±1.5 mEq/L, and 152±1mEq/L respectively (p<0.05). There was an increase in oxidative stress in the aorta from values of 36.22±4.64 mU/mg SOD and 0.131±0.013 pg/mL MDA in the control group, to 47.11±4.89 mU/mg SOD and 0.291±0.022 pg/mL MDA in the 8% group (p<0.05 in both cases). The same was observed in the heart, where values were: 174.6125.26 mU/mg SOD, 0.026±0.007 pg/mL MDA in controls, and 259.22±21.98 mU/mg SOD, 0.215±0.073 pg/mL MDA in 8% group (p<0.05 both cases). Increased ERK in aortic tissue, values of 0.29±0.03 pg/mL in controls, 2.68±0.18 pg/mL in 4% group and 3.97±0.68pg/mL in 8% group (p<0.05) suggest increased inflammation. We conclude that the elevation in serum Na+ concentration that follows Na+ ingestion leads to increased oxidative stress and inflammation.

scholarly journals Biochemical Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles in Wistar Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi ◽  
Ifeoluwa Adewumi
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Group A ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation

Background. Silver nanoparticles have found wider and increasing biomedical applications due to their broad antimicrobial characteristics. However, toxicity of nanoparticles is a subject of continued controversy, thus necessitating further studies in this direction. Objectives. This study investigated the biochemical effects of silver nanoparticles in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods. Forty male rats were randomly distributed into eight experimental groups of five. Group A served as the control and received distilled water. Groups B to H were orally exposed to varying concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at 100, 1000, and 5000 mg/kg daily for 7, 14, and 21 days alternately. Following cessation of treatments, rats were sacrificed and the blood and other vital organs were collected and prepared as specimens for biochemical analysis. Results. Administration of AgNPs to rats did not produce significant loss in feed intake and body weight. However, rat exposure to AgNPs caused significant alterations to levels of serum and tissue AST, ALT, and ALP. At the 100 mg/kg AgNPs exposure, rat serum and tissue AST and ALT levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In contrast, AgNPs administration elevated (P < 0.05) ALP levels in rat serum and tissues. Conclusion. We show evidence that AgNPs administration to Wistar rats altered some biochemical parameters.

Identification of tissue insulin receptors: use of a unique in vivo radioreceptor assay

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (6) ◽  
pp. E561-E567 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Whitcomb ◽  
T. M. O'Dorisio ◽  
S. Cataland ◽  
M. A. Shetzline ◽  
M. T. Nishikawara
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Radioreceptor Assay ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Polypeptide Hormones ◽  
Tissue Receptors

An in vivo radioreceptor assay for polypeptide hormones has been developed and applied to the identification of tissue insulin receptors. The theoretical basis for this assay is presented elsewhere in this issue. 125I-insulin and 131I-albumin were infused into male rats with increasing amounts of unlabeled insulin. Plasma samples were taken at 1-min intervals until the animals were killed at 5 min. Tissue samples were excised and weighed and the activity due to each isotope counted. By comparing the differential distribution of the labeled tracers and applying the results to a compartment model, the specific, displaceable binding of insulin to tissue receptors could be demonstrated. Binding was detected in the liver, muscle, fat, adrenal glands, pancreas, small intestines, and spleen.

scholarly journals The Enhanced Beneficial Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Over Evening Primrose Oil on Oxidative Stress, and Liver Function in Male Arthritic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Kandeil ◽  
Sana’a O. Ebrahim ◽  
Basant M. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Evening Primrose Oil ◽  
Evening Primrose

Aims: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the onset of oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the enhancing of extra virgin olive (EVOO) and Evening primrose oil (EPO) on oxidative stress and liver enzymes in male Wistar rats and compare between them. Place and Duration: Faculty of Science biochemistry department, Between July 2018 and August 2018. Methodology: A Subcutaneous injection of 200 µl of Freund's complete adjuvant into a footpad of the right hind leg of Wistar male rats at two consecutive days induced RA. Rats received EVOO and EPO daily by oral gavage needle with gauge 18 at doses of 5 mg/kg b.wt./day. for 10 and 21 days. No loss was recorded in the experimental rats. Results: A significant depletion in serum Reduced glutathione content (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione s transferase activities (GST) in arthritic rats compared to normal rats after 10 and 21 days of induction which improved significantly after 10 and 21 days of EPO and EVOO treatments. EPO and EVOO treatments for 21 days increased the GSH and GPX compared to 10 days treatments while no difference in GST activity. EVOO treatment improved GSH and GPX after 10 and 21 days than EPO treatment. The elevated uric acid levels in arthritic rats were markedly ameliorated as a result of EVOO and EPO treatment administration. Increased lipid peroxidation products (MDA), rheumatoid factor, and liver enzyme (Alanine transaminase ALT and Aspartate transaminase AST) were recorded in arthritic rats and they significantly progressed after EPO and EVOO treatments for 10 and 21 days but EVOO had the best effect at 21 days. Conclusion: EVOO and EPO showed significant antioxidant efficacies and improved affected liver enzymes due to rheumatoid arthritis onset. When comparing olive oil has more antioxidant properties than evening primrose oil, so we recommend more studies on olive oil combination with anti-arthritic medications to improve their efficacies with less toxicity.

Histopathological Changes of Organs (Lungs, Liver, Kidney, and Brain) After Using Two Types of AgiCoat and Acticoat Nanosilver Dressings on Deep Second-Degree Burn in Rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Karimi ◽  
Noor-Ahmad Latifi ◽  
Ali Zare Mehrjerdi ◽  
Babak Jafarnejad ◽  
Ali-Mohammad Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Degree Burn ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Degree

Abstract Prevention of infections is a very important issue in treating the burn wounds. The nanosilver dressings have many promising advantages, but absorption of silver ions and its adverse effects to the body were always a question. The aim of this study was to compare Silver serum levels and acute toxic effects of nanosilver on histopathology of organs (lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, and brain) in two types of AgiCoat and Acticoat (nanosilver) dressings on second-degree deep burn in rat. This is an experimental study conducted in our animal laboratory. We divided 24 Sprague–Dawley male rats weighing 300 to 350 randomly into two groups. After anesthesia, a second deep-degree burn was made over dorsal skins of rats by standard method. For group A, Agicoat and, for group B, Acticoat dressings were used. The dressings were changed every 3 days with AgiCoat and Acticoat, respectively. After 14 days, we got blood samples and tissue samples taken from heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs, and brain and a sample from dorsal skin of the rat for histopathological examinations. The results showed that the levels of serum silver in both groups were significantly higher than the standard level (1.22 part per million (PM); AgiCoat, P = .017; Acticoat, P = .000), but there was no significant difference between the groups (P = .551). Examination of the relationship between the level of serum silver and histopathological changes in liver showed that hepatotoxicity of AgiCoat was higher compared with Acticoat and the difference was significant (P = .002). There were no pathological changes in brain, kidneys, spleen, heart, and lungs. Wound healing was faster in Acticoat group. The nanosilver dressings can cause toxicity in liver but not in kidney, brain, spleen, heart, and lungs. Liver pathology and hepatotoxicity were more prominent in AgiCoat group. Wound healing was faster in Acticoat group.

Liver failure under valproic acid

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1282-1282
Author(s):  
C. Schönfeldt-Lecuona ◽  
B.J. Connemann ◽  
R.W. Freudenmann ◽  
C. Hiemke ◽  
M.M. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Federal Institute

Valproic acid (VPA, 2-propylvaleric acid) is originally an antiepileptic drug, which has been in use for more than 30 years in over 100 countries. The clinical application of VPA has expanded in the last years. Approval has been granted by the FDA for treatment of migraine and cluster headache in 1996, and for treatment of mania and long-term prophylaxis of bipolar affective disorder in 1995. In ongoing studies, VPA has been reported to inhibit growth of several types of cancer cells; in addition, effects on neurodegeneration, and on virus replication in HIV infection have been demonstrated potentially expanding the application of VPA in the future. Despite a good tolerability of the drug, reports of hepatotoxicty even in patients without risk factors become more frequent. We analysed all cases of VPA induced severe hepatic side effects reported to the german Federal Institute for Pharmaceuticals & Medical Products (BfArM) between 1993 and 2009. A special intention was to detect correlations with present co-medication as a crucial factor in the break-down of hepatic function. As frequent co-medications in VPA-induced hepatic side effects benzodiazepines, and antiepileptics, especially carbamazepine, lamotrigine and topiramate were found. In addition, propofol as a co-medication was found in 4 lethal cases. Different pathomechanisms of VPA hepatotoxicity and a therapeutic approach with carnitine are discussed. Current international guidelines for prevention of VPA-induced liver failure are contrasted. Weekly control of liver enzymes in the first treatment weeks might help to detect VPA-induced hepatic side effects earlier.

scholarly journals Complement Receptors C5aR and C5L2 Are Associated with Metabolic Profile, Sex Hormones, and Liver Enzymes in Obese Women Pre- and Postbariatric Surgery

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Rezvani ◽  
Jessica Smith ◽  
Marc Lapointe ◽  
Picard Marceau ◽  
Andre Tchernof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Weight Loss Surgery ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Mrna Ratio

Objective. Obesity is associated with metabolic dysfunction with sex differences and chronic, low-grade inflammation. We proposed that hepatic expression of immune complement C3 related receptors (C3aR, C5aR, and C5L2) would be associated with pre- or postmenopausal status and metabolic profile in severely obese women. We hypothesized that C5L2/C5aR ratio, potentially influencing the ASP/C5L2 metabolic versus C5a/C5aR immune response, would predict metabolic profiles after weight loss surgery.Materials and Methods. Fasting plasma (hormone, lipid, and enzyme analysis) and liver biopsies (RT-PCR gene expression) were obtained from 91 women during surgery.Results. Hepatic C5L2 mRNA expression was elevated in pre- versus postmenopausal women (P<0.01) and correlated positively with circulating estradiol, estrone, ApoB, ApoA1, ApoA1/B, waist circumference, age, and LDL-C (allP<0.05). While plasma ASP was lower in pre- versus postmenopausal women (P<0.01), the hepatic C5L2/C5aR mRNA ratio was increased (P<0.001) and correlated positively with estrone (P<0.01) and estradiol (P<0.001) and negatively with circulating ApoB and liver enzymes ALT, AST, and GGT (allP<0.05). Over 12 months postoperatively, liver enzymes in low C5L2/C5aR mRNA ratio group remained higher (ALP and ALT,P<0.05, AST and GGT,P<0.0012-way-ANOVA).Conclusion. C5L2-C5aR association with other mediators including estrogens may contribute to hepatic metabolic and inflammatory function.

The potential protective effect of α-lipoic acid against nanocopper particle–induced hepatotoxicity in male rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 881-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Khalaf ◽  
AR Zaki ◽  
MK Galal ◽  
HA Ogaly ◽  
MA Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group I ◽  
Apoptotic Genes

The present research task is aimed to evaluate the role of exogenous α-lipoic acid (ALA) (100 mg/kg body weight) as hepatoprotective and potent antioxidant in amelioration of copper nanoparticle (CNP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Forty male rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups: group I (control), group II received CNPs, group III received CNPs + ALA, and finally group IV received ALA for 2 months. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were decapitated, and blood and liver tissue samples were collected for measurement of liver function tests, antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation (LPO), copper content, expression of some apoptotic genes, and histopathological analysis. CNPs induced marked hepatic damages as evident by severe alteration in hepatic biomarkers. This was accompanied by a significant elevation in hepatic LPO and induced nitric oxide, copper content, and expression level of apoptotic genes (C-myc and C-jun). In contrast, marked depletion for antioxidant parameters was detected. These findings were confirmed with severe pathological alterations. Coadministration of ALA as a powerful antioxidant attenuates the hepatotoxic effects of CNPs through improvement of liver parameters, oxidative status, genetic changes, and preservation of liver integrity through histopathological analysis. These results suggest that consumed ALA could be used as an applicable hepatoprotective agent against oxidative damage mediated by nanoparticles intoxication.

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