scholarly journals Mythology of Tamils in Mullaipattu

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
S N Esther Arulmary
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
Clear View ◽  
The People ◽  
Vivid Description

Mullaipattu is one of the Pathupattu. Small book in terms of lines. It also has another name, Nenjatruppadai. The name is derived from the fact that the head of Mullaipattu stands with a relaxed heart. The author of this book is Napputhanar, the son of a gold trader from Kavirippoompattinam. This book is an Asiriapattu composed in terms of alphabetical order. Written in the second century AD, the book is a vivid description of the life of the people of that time. This book explains the biological beliefs of the people of that time, the cults, the warfare of the kings, the methods of protection, the clear view of nature are the background of modern life. The purpose of this article is to explore this.

1. Confucius (551–479 bce ) and his legacy: An introduction

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Present Form ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Warring States ◽  
The People ◽  
Zhou Dynasty ◽  
Good Government

Confucius lived in a period of the Zhou dynasty when China had splintered into small, independent, warring states ruled over by feudal lords whose authority was maintained not through moral behavior and genuine concern for the welfare of the people, but through laws, punishments, and force. ‘Confucius (551–479 bce) and his legacy’ shows that many thinkers attempted to address these problems, but Confucius' socio-political and philosophical teachings did not win immediate, universal acclaim. The Analects, a collection of his teachings recorded by his disciples, achieved its present form in the second century bce. Its two main concerns are: (1) what makes for a good man; and (2) what makes for good government.

scholarly journals Hadis dari Masa ke Masa (Kodifikasi Era Mutaqaddimin)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Fatimah Fatimah
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Significant Difference

<p><em>Hadith as the second Islamic teaching has a significant difference with the Qur'an in terms of official bookkeeping. In terms of the preservation of the Qur'an since the beginning of the Qur'an, there has been a decree to keep watch over and be protected from falsehood, but not with the Prophet's hadith. As before the reign of Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz even the writing or bookkeeping was prohibited. But after considering some of the impending advances if the hadith was not made up of books, the false hadiths would have arisen from irresponsible people, the death of the companions who had memorized the war, and dispersed the scholars to various territories with their death. Moreover, hadith memorization has become a tradition among the people and the fear of memorization has decreased. It was from these questions that the caliphate of Umar bin Abdul Aziz raised concerns about the bookkeeping in order to preserve and maintain its legitimacy. The official formulation of the hadith dates back to the second century H. under the command of Umar bin Abdul Aziz. Hadith as a teaching of Islam, produced various books of hadith scholars who were born mutaqaddimin and endowed. However in this article the author will focus more on the development of the books of the hadith in the mutaqaddimin period. The period of mutaqaddimin is the period between I H and the third century H, the opening of the hadith of the mutaqaddimin period from the end of the second century H to III H. In this period of mutaqaddimin the books of the hadith were born by the scholars including: first, the century to II H there are many scholars who produce the book of the hadith, among them the most famous is the book of hadith of the priest of Malik called the book of Muwaththa 'Malik. Secondly, in the third century </em><em>H</em><em> the books of the hadith were born including the Book of Sahih Bukhari, the Book of Muslim Tradition, the Book of Sunan Abu Dawud, the Book of Sunan At-Tirmidzi, the Book of Sunan An-Nasa'iy, the Book of Sunan Ibn Majah and others. The writing of this journal uses the library research method that the author has obtained from various reading sources related to this research.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p>

scholarly journals The State of the Kilis Quilt Art Today

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 730-742
Author(s):  
Semra KILIÇ KARATAY
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Wood Carving ◽  
Materials Used

Quilt is an art that has existed in the culture of every nation in the world and continues to exist today. The artists, craftsmen and apprentices engaged in this art are also trying to adapt the quilt art to today's modern life. The quilt is a large cover for covering, and the inside is a material that was previously filled with wool and now cotton or fiber and used to protect from the cold. There are handicrafts performed today in Kilis. Our handicrafts such as quilting, yemenism, embroidery, wickerwork, copper making, wire breaking and wood carving are among our arts. Time-varying patterns, composition and materials used are seen as a means of communication used to express people's ideas and thoughts to the environment. The motifs used in Kilis quilts originated from the stylization of objects around people and are today still mentioned by the people of Kilis with these names. With this field research, information about Kilis quilt art, tools and equipment used, patterns and meanings and their current status are collected and it is aimed to share this information as written literature.

scholarly journals The dynamics of traditional mobile practices of the Ludian Karelians

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-512
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Vinokurova ◽  
◽  
G. V Ryvkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Introduction: in Russian and foreign ethnology of recent decades, there has been an increased interest in the study of culturally organized mobile practices of peoples, both nomads of the North and those leading a sedentary lifestyle, in the past and in modern life. Without them, knowledge about the cultural heritage of the people will be incomplete. In addition, history makes adjustments to the types of movements that inevitably affect the life of different social groups (including peoples). The above arguments show that mobile practices among different peoples need special research, in particular among the Karelians and their ethnic groups. The traditional culture of movement of which has many gaps in study and has never been studied comprehensively and in dynamics. Objective: identification of some types of traditional mobile practices of the Ludian Karelians and their dynamics based on the analysis of several in-depth biographical interviews on this topic, recorded from women born in the 1930s. Research materials: field audio materials of the authors. Results and novelty of the research: for the first time some types of traditional mobile practices of the Ludian Karelians for long and short distances, associated with economic and leisure activities, travel beliefs and rituals have been identified. It is concluded that during the twentieth century they underwent significant changes associated with collectivization, the fight against religion, the Great Patriotic War, the development of industrial production and urbanization

scholarly journals No “Over”, Yes “Minimal”! Camp and Caravan Tourism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Bilim ◽  
Özgür Özer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The People ◽  
Key Words Camp

Last developments show that over-population, modern life and physical or mental health problems have steered the people to nature and isolated areas. It will be understood that camp and caravan tourism offers exciting experiences which demonstrate the value of the nature gives the chance to learn living with limited minimal conditions and especially provide secure tourism activities alternatively to current Covid-19 pandemic period negative tourism developments. The study aims to show how camp and caravan tourism can be an alternative for modern people insisting on sustainable and healthy tourism activities with social distance and isolated living instead of huge hedonic, unnecessary, luxury consumption and crowd living spaces. The study has constructed on a theoretical approach based on literature review and to support the theories web-based observational and hermeneutic analysis have been hold. Some potential geographies like Latin America and Europe have been selected to explain the contribution of camp and caravan tourism. Key words: Camp and Caravan Tourism; Sustainability; Environmental Sensitivity; Covid-19 Pandemic.

The Wilkins Lecture, 1985 John Wilkins, John Ray and Carl Linnaeus

1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-123 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
The People ◽  
John Ray ◽  
Carl Linnaeus ◽  
History Of ◽  
John Wilkins

As a botanical taxonomist I was naturally highly honoured and much surprised lito be invited by this venerable and exclusive Society to deliver the 1985 Wilkins Lecture on a subject related to the history of science. If this were a sermon, there could be no Biblical text more appropriate for the present occasion dealing with Bishop Wilkins and his contemporaries in the Royal Society than a passage from the book of wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, composed in the second century B.C.: ‘Let us now praise famous men, and our fathers that begat us. The Lord hath wrought great glory by them through his great power from the beginning. . . leaders of the people by their counsels, and by their knowledge of learning meet for the people, wise and eloquent in their instructions. . . There be of them, that have left a name behind them, that their praises might be reported.’ So be it with particular respect to John Wilkins (1614—72), in whose commemoration the triennial Wilkins Lecture was founded in 1947.

Politics, Persuasion and the People before the Social War (150–90 B.C.)

1986 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fergus Millar
Keyword(s):  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Second Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Actual Content ◽  
Social War ◽  
The One

The purpose of this paper is to present a particular model of how Roman politics worked, and of what Roman politics before the Social War was ‘about’. In essence I want to place in the centre of our conception the picture of an orator addressing a crowd in the Forum; a picture of someone using the arts of rhetoric to persuade an anonymous crowd about something. The most important subject of oratory, and the most important fundamental right exercised by whoever came to vote, was legislation. Yet the greatest of all the extraordinary distortions which have been imposed on our conception of Republican politics in the twentieth century is that the process of legislation, and the content of the legislation passed by the people, have both ceased to be central to it. With that we have ceased to listen sufficiently to the actual content of oratory addressed to the people, to the arguments from rights, from the necessities of the preservation of the res publica, from historical precedents, both Roman and non-Roman, and from social attitudes and prejudices. In the second century above all, we can see how the prestige which the office-holding class derived from family descent and personal standing on the one hand was matched on the other by popular demands for appropriate conduct, and by popular suspicions of private luxury, of profiteering from the conduct of public affairs, and of improper collaboration with wrong-doers both at home and abroad.

scholarly journals Czy kolejność ksiąg Nowego Testamentu w kanonie jest przypadkowa?

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Paweł Marek Mucha
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Acts Of The Apostles ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Council Of Trent ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Pauline Epistles ◽  
Catholic Epistles ◽  
Apostolic Fathers ◽  
Order Books

Decretum de canonicis Scripturis (Council of Trent) gives the following list of the canonical books of the New Testament: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts of the Apostles, Pauline Epistles, Catholic Epistles, Revelation. This order is based on many manuscripts, but is not the only one known. The Apostolic Fathers cite the books of the New Testament, but never give their titles. The books were only given titles in the late second century. The Muratorian fragment is the oldest document (the second half of the 2nd century) which enumerates canonical books in an appropriate order. The important fact is that this list was prepared in the Roman Church and the order is in accordance with our canon. The Muratorian fragment presents the list of books in the reverse alphabetical order (from Z to A). It is a consequence of the tendency to order books alphabetically (not only in codices). Due to the fact that the oldest list of canonical books enlists them in the same order as we do in our canon and this order is not random, the order in our canon seems to be authentic.

scholarly journals RUANG KEBUGARAN DAN KOMUNITAS DI PERKAMPUNGAN INDUSTRI KECIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Bun Merdianto ◽  
Timmy Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
The People ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Communal Space ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Community Space

Jakarta has a fairly rapid rate of economic growth, a modern life and very dense activities, making people increasingly lose time to socialize and rest. Almost all people will spend their time to work with the aim of being able to meet their personal needs. However, when they are tired of working, they cannot find a place to facilitate them to socialize, relax and refresh their body and mind. As a result, the potential for living thought is only for work. This can trigger stress on factory workers who are most susceptible to stress. If this is left unchecked, this will have an impact on the quality of the HR itself and worsen their performance. Therefore the purpose of this research is to create a suitable forum for workers and the community so that they can gather, socialize, relax themselves and refresh their body and mind (Third Place). So that it can reduce stress levels, build community and improve socialization among surrounding communities and can solve existing issues. There is also a method that is used is the everyday urbanism method that sees changes in time and habits of the surrounding community, so that it can provide a place to support the activities of the people who are in that location. The program produced to enter into this project such as communal space, community space, fitness and many others. AbstrakJakarta memiliki tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi yang cukup pesat, kehidupan yang modern dan sangat padat aktivitas membuat masyarakatnya semakin kehilangan waktu untuk bersosialisasi dan beristirahat. Hampir semua masyarakat akan menghabiskan waktunya untuk bekerja dengan tujuan dapat mencukupi kebutuhan pribadi. Namun ketika setelah lelah bekerja, mereka tidak dapat menemukan tempat fasilitas yang mewadahi mereka untuk bersosialisasi, merelaksasikan diri dan menyegarkan tubuh serta pikiran. Akibatnya muncul potensi pemikiran yang hidup hanya untuk bekerja. Hal ini dapat memicu stress pada pekerja pabrik yang paling gampang terkena stress. Jika hal ini dibiarkan, ini akan berdampak terhadap kualitas SDM itu sendiri dan memperburuk kinerja mereka. Oleh sebab itu tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menciptakan sebuah wadah yang layak untuk pekerja dan masyarakat sehingga dapat berkumpul, bersosialisasi, merelaksasikan diri dan menyegarkan tubuh serta pikiran (Third Place). Sehingga dapat menurunkan tingkat stress, membangun komunitas  dan meningkatkan sosialisasi antar masyarakat sekitar dan dapat menyelesaikan isu yang ada. Ada pun metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan metode everyday urbanism yang melihat perubahan waktu dan kebiasaan masyarakat sekitar, sehingga dapat memberikan sebuah tempat untuk mendukung aktivitas masyarakat yang berada di lokasi tersebut. Adapun program yang dihasilkan untuk masuk ke dalam proyek ini seperti ruang komunal, ruang komunitas, kebugaran dan masih banyak lainnya.

scholarly journals PERAN DAN TANGGUNG JAWAB MAMAK DALAM KELUARGA: TINJAUAN TERHADAP NOVEL SALAH ASUHAN KARYA ABDOEL MOEIS (The Role and Responsibility of Mamak in Family: Review of Abdoel Moeis’ “Salah Asuhan”)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ninawati Syahrul
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tuition Fees ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
The People ◽  
The Sacrifice

Sistem kekerabatan masyarakat Minangkabau menganut sistem matrilineal yang mengatur kehidupan dan ketertiban suatu masyarakat yan terikat pada jalinan kekerabatan dalam garis keturunan ibu. Sistem matrilineal dalam masyarakat Minangkabau membuat mamak memiliki kewajiban dan tanggung jawab yang besar terhadap kemenakannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan realitas pandangan Abdoel Moeis dalam novel Salah Asuhan tentang peran mamak dalam tata pernikahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk memahami persoalan nilai budaya tradisional yang berlangsung secara turun-temurun, bahkan hingga pada masa kini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada satu sisi pengarang menyukai pengorbanan mamak sebagai suatu realisasi dari tanggung jawabnya terhadap kemenakannya, seperti pengorbanan Sutan Batuah dalam membantu biaya sekolah Hanafi. Pada sisi lain, melalui tokoh Hanafi, tokoh mamak hanya penyebab ketidakbebasan generasi muda untuk menentukan jodoh atau pasangan hidupnya. Novel Salah Asuhan sarat akan nilai-nilai kehidupan seputar sistem kekerabatan. Peran dan tanggung jawab ninik mamak dan orang tua terkesan tergugat dari sudut pandang kehidupan modern sekarang ini. Melalui novel ini dikatakan bahwa pemaknaan adat-istiadat Minangkabau yang meliputi wujud kebudayaan, kompleks ide, gagasan, nilai, norma, dan peraturan berperan sebagai pengendali perilaku warga masyarakat, khususnya dalam hal pernikahan dan/atau pernikahan yang diadatkan.AbstrakThe kinship system of the Minangkabau community embraces a matrilineal system controlling the life and order of a society connected to the kinship network in the matrilineal lineage.The matrilineal system in the community makes the mamak has a great obligation and responsibility for her nephews. The aim of this research is to describe Abdoel Moeis’s view in “Salah Asuhan” novel about the role of the mamak in a marriage arrangement. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method in order to understand the problem of traditional cultural values which has been held from generation to generation, even to the present day.The result of the research indicates that, in one hand, the author understands the sacrifice of the mamak as the realization of his responsibility for her nephews, as the sacrifice of Sutan Batuah in helping Hanafi’s tuition fees. On the other hand, through Hanafi’s character, the mamak’s is just the cause of the young generations’ lack of freedom to choose their spouses. “Salah Asuhan” is full of values of life around the kinship system. The role and responsibility of ninik mamak and parents seems defendant from modern life point of view. Through this novel, the author shows that the meaning of Minangkabau customs includes the form of culture, complex of ideas, concepts, values, norms, and roles that act as controller the people behavior, especially in marriage and/or customarymarriage.

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