The Incidence of Enterobiasis in Children Attending Educational Institutions of the Tyumen Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
AN Letyushev ◽  
TF Stepanova ◽  
GV Sharukho
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Interval Data ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Testing Coverage

Introduction: Enterobiasis remains a predominant invasion in the structure of parasitic diseases. At the same time, judging by the incidence rates of enterobiasis, the activity of the epidemic process differs significantly from one region to another and even between cities of one and the same region. The purpose of our study was to assess the intensity of the epidemic process of enterobiasis based on incidence rates and pinworm testing coverage in children aged 3 to 6 years attending preschools and schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 years in the Tyumen Region. Materials and methods: We analyzed data on the incidence of enterobiasis (per 100 thousand population) and pinworm testing coverage (%) per 100 children of two age groups (3 to 6 and 7 to 14 years old) by municipalities of the Tyumen Region in 2013–2017. The interval data were analyzed using methods of variation statistics. To test the hypothesis that the differences between samples were random, a univariate analysis of variance was used. Additionally, the mean difference was calculated and its 95 % confidence interval was determined. The strength of the relationship between two variables was measured using the coefficient of determination, i.e. the square of the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: We gave a comparative characteristic of the intensity of the epidemic process of enterobiasis based on the incidence and pinworm testing coverage data in 3 to 14-year-old children attending educational institutions of the Tyumen Region in 2013–2017 and assessed the deterministic relationship between the incidence rates of enterobiasis and the commitment of healthcare workers to pinworm detection testing in organized groups of children. Conclusions: We established that the incidence of pinworm infection in the child population of the Tyumen Region differed significantly between the administrative territories. It should be noted, however, that a relatively high incidence of enterobiasis in some areas was mainly attributed to a high pinworm testing coverage of children while in other areas a low coverage underestimated the incidence rate of enterobiasis and created a false impression of epidemiological welfare.

Features of the Current Epidemic Process of Infectious Mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
MI Popkova ◽  
OV Utkin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

Introduction: Today, we are witnessing the process of forming a fundamentally new epidemiological situation on infectious mononucleosis. Over the past decade, a general increase in the incidence of infectious mononucleosis, its proportion in the structure of respiratory tract infections, and economic importance was noted in Russia. Information about the epidemic process of infectious mononucleosis in different areas is limited. Our objective was to study the features of the epidemic process of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2010–2019. Methods: We conducted a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region for 2010–2019 based on official statistics using standard statistical approaches. Results and discussion: The long-term incidence rate of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region was stable (+0.6 %) with the long-term average rate of 12.6 ± 0.6 ‰оо. An autumn-winter-spring seasonality with two distinct peaks (in November–December and May) was revealed. The majority of cases were children aged 0–14 years (72.8 ± 2.2 %). The highest incidence rates were regis�tered in the age groups of 1–2 and 3-6 years. We established a reverse trend in the disease incidence among children aged 0–6 (decrease) and 7 years and older (increase). Adolescents aged 15–17 demonstrated the most pronounced growth rate (+7.5 %). The typical annual dynamics in adults was distinguished by a clear spring-summer seasonality, the absence of a characteristic growth in the autumn months, and a low rate in December. The identified features of the epidemic process in different age groups require clarification and detailing. Conclusions: We established recent patterns and features of the epidemic process of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region. This work is an important component of epidemiological surveillance of infection and a scientific basis for improving the existing system of preventive and anti-epidemic measures.

ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF PNEUMOCOCCAL CARRIAGE AND COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA INCIDENCE IN KHABAROVSK CITY IN 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (62) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Корита ◽  
Tatyana Korita ◽  
Людмила Бутакова ◽  
Lyudmila Butakova ◽  
Татьяна Каравянская ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Annual Dynamic

The research objective was to study prevalence of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage among different age-group populations as well as evaluate annual dynamics of nasopharyngeal carriage levels against incidence rates of community-acquired pneumonia in Khabarovsk city in 2015. The bacteriological research was conducted among 2429 people (1100 adults and 1329 children) suffering from respiratory diseases. The level of pneumococcal carriage of the whole group was equal to 12.3±0.67%. The pneumococcal carriage was registered in all age-groups; its highest levels were diagnosed in children from 1 to 3 years old and in children from 3 to 6 years old (27.0±2.16 and 23.1±1.97%, respectively). The incidence rates of community-acquired pneumonia equaled to 290.2 per 100000 of general population and 687.1 per 100000 of children population. The comparative analysis of annual dynamics of pneumococcal carriage and community-acquired pneumonia incidence rates among general population of Khabarovsk city and separately for children from 0 to 14 years old has shown a correlation between these epidemiologic manifestations. Typically, pneumococcal carriage and incidence rates are the lowest in August; they elevate in September due to influence of common factors that are associated with “mixing” of people. The peculiarity of annual dynamic of community-acquired pneumonia incidence rates is a double-wave course with maximum in April and September. The revealed trends show the correlation between epidemic process of community-acquired pneumonia and undetected epidemic process of pneumococcal infections manifested as pneumococcal carriage.

scholarly journals The practice of introducing an electronic health passport in educational institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-554
Author(s):  
Irina A. Mishchenko ◽  
◽  
Elena V. Volynskaya ◽  
Selena S. Davydova ◽  
Sofya A. Korobova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
School Students ◽  
Fitness Indicators ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Questionnaire Method

Introduction. Monitoring of students' health and physical fitness in general educational institutions is an integral part of the educational process, however, it takes much time on the part of teachers and school authorities responsible for collecting and storing information about health. The research relevance is substantiated by the need to preserve and strengthen students' health due to the dependence of the quality of education on the level of students' health and their performance. The research purpose was to test an electronic health passport in educational institutions for a comprehensive assessment of students' health and physical fitness indicators. Materials and methods. More than 600 schoolchildren of three age groups took part in the study: students aged 8-9 (298 students), 12-13 (244 schoolchildren), 15-16 (119 boys and girls) from general educational institutions in Lipetsk. Methods of assessing the morphofunctional state (measurement of body weight and length, blood pressure, heart rate monitoring, health coefficient calculation), the questionnaire method (assessment of school motivation, the study of self-esteem, diagnostics of learning motivation and emotional attitude to learning, the Ladder test) and methods of assessing physical fitness included in the All-Russian Physical Education and Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense" were used. Research results. Significant differences (p<0.05) were determined in indicators of the health coefficient among schoolchildren from three general educational institutions in Lipetsk, and a tendency towards a decrease in the level of students' health from the lower grades to the higher ones was revealed. A decrease in indicators of school motivation and interest in the learning process was found in half of the students of primary school age (13-14 points out of 30 possible ones) and the majority of secondary school students (8-13 points out of 60 possible ones) and senior school students (7-12 points out of 60 possible ones). An insignificant difference (p>0.05) was found in the indicators of physical fitness of schoolchildren with different training profiles. The practice of introducing an automated electronic health passport system made it possible to systematize large amounts of information on various parameters characterizing the students' health and physical fitness in the shortest possible time and to optimize the teachers' work. Conclusion. The authors presented an experience of approbation of an electronic health passport, which made it possible to determine the level of physical, mental health and physical fitness of each student or group of students, formulate recommendations for students, parents and heads of educational institutions, as well as conduct a comparative characteristic of the studied indicators of schoolchildren from various educational institutions.

Factors affecting the epidemic process of tuberculosis among servicemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
İbadulla Əliağa oğlu Ağayev ◽  
◽  
Saleh Bakir oğlu Əhmədov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
The Republic

One of the main tasks of military epidemiology is to study the driving forces of the epidemic process in military teams and to conduct retrospective, prospective and operational analysis among servicemen and evaluate the results. The article is devoted to the analysis of the factors influencing the TB epidemic process, which was first detected among servicemen in 2009-2018. For this purpose, on the basis of medical documents (epidemiological Anamnesis sheet Form-20) of military servicemen discharged from army ranks with tuberculosis diagnosis from the Armed Forces Lung Diseases Hospital of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2009-2018 have been analyzed age groups, frequency of occurrence, detection methods, clinical forms and bactericidal properties of the disease. TB incidence rates of servicemen of the Ministry of Defense and the Special State Protection Service who were discharged from the army after being hospitalized with a diagnosis of tuberculosis at the Armed Forces Lung Diseases Hospital have been calculated. Key words: tuberculosis, military servicemen, service periods, age groups, clinical forms of tuberculosis

scholarly journals The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among residents of the Khabarovsk Krai during the COVID-19 epidemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Popova ◽  
E. B. Ezhlova ◽  
A. A. Melnikova ◽  
O. E. Trotsenko ◽  
T. A. Zaitseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
Khabarovsk Krai ◽  
Epidemic Process

Introduction. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was announced by WHO in February 2020. In the Khabarovsk Krai, the first three cases of the disease were diagnosed on March 19, 2020, these cases were imported from Argentina (transit through Italy). The epidemic process of COVID-19 in the Khabarovsk Krai is characterized by a slow increase in the incidence. During the period of time when the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study was conducted the incidence rates varied from 35.9 to 39.1 per 100 thousand population. Within the next 5 weeks the incidence continued to increase, the maximum level was 67.3 per 100 thousand population. A statistically significant decrease in the incidence is noted in the first decade of August. The study of the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among residents of the region was carried out from June 9 to June 21, 2020 during the period of increasing intensity of the epidemic process of COVID-19 infection.Aim. To determine the level and structure of herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 virus among the population of the Khabarovsk Krai during the period of intensive spread of COVID-19.Materials and methods. The study was conducted as a part of the first stage of a large-scale Rospotrebnadzor project to assess the herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 virus among the population of the Russian Federation, taking into consideration the protocol recommended by WHO. The selection of volunteers for the study was carried out by the method of questionnaires and randomization by random sampling. The results of a survey of 2675 individuals were included into analysis. The number of volunteers in all age groups was similar.Results. The results of the study showed that the herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the total population of the Khabarovsk Krai was 19.6%. The maximum level of herd immunity was observed in children 14–17 years old (34.4%), children 7–13 years old (24.8%), and people over 70 years (22.6%). The highest level of seropositivity, except for the children and the elderly, was found among educational workers (26.7%). The lowest level of seropositivity was found in the military (8.7%) and the unemployed (8.3%). There were no statistically significant differences in the level of seroprevalence between men and women.Conclusions. The results of the seroepidemiological study demonstrated that in the Khabarovsk Krai, the presence of the contacts with COVID-19 patients is associated with the 1.4-fold increase in the likelihood of the seroconversion. Antibodies were detected in 58.9% of the past COVID-19 cases. In individuals with the previous positive PCR test result, antibodies were detected in 50% of cases. A high rate of asymptomatic infection, up to 93.7%, was observed among seropositive volunteers.

scholarly journals Contrasting Influences of Seasonal and Intra-Seasonal Hydroclimatic Variabilities on the Irrigated Rice Paddies of Northern Peninsular Malaysia for Weather Index Insurance Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5207
Author(s):  
Zed Zulkafli ◽  
Farrah Melissa Muharam ◽  
Nurfarhana Raffar ◽  
Amirparsa Jajarmizadeh ◽  
Mukhtar Jibril Abdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Index Insurance ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Basis Risk ◽  
Insurance Contracts ◽  
Weather Index Insurance ◽  
Streamflow Statistics

Good index selection is key to minimising basis risk in weather index insurance design. However, interannual, seasonal, and intra-seasonal hydroclimatic variabilities pose challenges in identifying robust proxies for crop losses. In this study, we systematically investigated 574 hydroclimatic indices for their relationships with yield in Malaysia’s irrigated double planting system, using the Muda rice granary as a case study. The responses of seasonal rice yields to seasonal and monthly averages and to extreme rainfall, temperature, and streamflow statistics from 16 years’ observations were examined by using correlation analysis and linear regression. We found that the minimum temperature during the crop flowering to the maturity phase governed yield in the drier off-season (season 1, March to July, Pearson correlation, r = +0.87; coefficient of determination, R2 = 74%). In contrast, the average streamflow during the crop maturity phase regulated yield in the main planting season (season 2, September to January, r = +0.82, R2 = 67%). During the respective periods, these indices were at their lowest in the seasons. Based on these findings, we recommend temperature- and water-supply-based indices as the foundations for developing insurance contracts for the rice system in northern Peninsular Malaysia.

scholarly journals A Raman algorithm to estimate human age from protein structural variations in autopsy skin samples: a protein biological clock

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Miyamori ◽  
Takeshi Uemura ◽  
Wenliang Zhu ◽  
Kei Fujikawa ◽  
Takaaki Nakaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Random Coil ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Skin Samples

AbstractThe recent increase of the number of unidentified cadavers has become a serious problem throughout the world. As a simple and objective method for age estimation, we attempted to utilize Raman spectrometry for forensic identification. Raman spectroscopy is an optical-based vibrational spectroscopic technique that provides detailed information regarding a sample’s molecular composition and structures. Building upon our previous proof-of-concept study, we measured the Raman spectra of abdominal skin samples from 132 autopsy cases and the protein-folding intensity ratio, RPF, defined as the ratio between the Raman signals from a random coil an α-helix. There was a strong negative correlation between age and RPF with a Pearson correlation coefficient of r = 0.878. Four models, based on linear (RPF), squared (RPF2), sex, and RPF by sex interaction terms, were examined. The results of cross validation suggested that the second model including linear and squared terms was the best model with the lowest root mean squared error (11.3 years of age) and the highest coefficient of determination (0.743). Our results indicate that the there was a high correlation between the age and RPF and the Raman biological clock of protein folding can be used as a simple and objective forensic age estimation method for unidentified cadavers.

scholarly journals Physical Activity of Serbian Children in Daycare

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Milenko Janković ◽  
Maja Batez ◽  
Dušan Stupar ◽  
Jelena Obradović ◽  
Nebojša Trajković
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Variance Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Novi Sad

Background: Monitoring of physical activity within the educational institution is of great importance, primarily because of the orientation and content implemented in the daycare. This research aimed to examine the number of steps children took during their stay in daycare with regards to age, gender and the frequency of going out. Methods: The research was conducted in four daycares in the urban environment of Novi Sad (Republic of Serbia), where 231 children, aged 5 to 7, were monitored (129 boys and 102 girls). Data on the number of steps were obtained using the pedometers. Results: The result of the univariate analysis of the variance test confirmed a statistically significant difference in the number of steps in relation to the age of children (p = 0.04). Boys were more active than girls in both age groups (p = 0.001). Children who were going to the daycare yard three to five times a week took drastically more steps than children who went up to twice a week (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the current study show that age, gender, and time spent outdoors are significant determinants of physical activity in preschool age. Therefore, interventions regarding physical activity should be made during early childhood in order to promote health and prevent disease.

scholarly journals Are Saliva Tests Important in the Prediction of Carious Disease?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5932
Author(s):  
Daniela Luminita Ichim ◽  
Liliana Sachelarie ◽  
Alexandra Burlui
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Oral Health Promotion ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test

(1) Background: The appearance and progression of carious lesions represent a complex phenomenon of interactions of microbial factors (the action of bacteria on the tooth), of the factors related to the host, to the diet, and to the time factor. Which hasan influence on the rate of microbismof the oral cavity on the installation of carious disease? (2) Methods: In order to correctly assess the cariogenic risk of an individual, it is recommended to perform twoor more tests based on different principles (microbiological, clinical, epidemiological). The representative data series for the investigation were analyzed statistically and by applying the Pearson correlation test considering the coefficient of determination R for all pairs of data series. (3) Results: Salivary tests played animportant role in establishing control sessions, in carrying out prophylactic caries therapy, and establishing prognosis. The existence of a statistical associationwas confirmed between the prevalence of dental caries and the results of salivary tests for the study group. (4) Conclusions: The results of the saliva tests can be used in oral health promotion.

scholarly journals The incidence of pneumonia in the paediatric population in Poland in light of the maps of health needs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Lange ◽  
Jerzy Kozielski ◽  
Kinga Bartolik ◽  
Paweł Kabicz ◽  
Tomasz Targowski
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Average Length Of Stay ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Social Fund ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract In Poland, no statistical data are available concerning the analysis of the incidence of pneumonia in inpatient children. The requirement for these data results mainly from the need to prepare systemic and economic solutions. Aim This study aimed to use reported data for evaluating pneumonia incidence rates among hospitalised children and other parameters in various age groups. Subject and methods A detailed analysis was performed as part of the Operational Programme Knowledge Education Development co-financed by the European Social Fund. Services reported to the National Health Fund in 2014 were considered, including pneumonia incidence among hospitalised children and mortality in specific age groups. Results In 2014, a total of 68,543 children were hospitalised for pneumonia (68% of all hospitalisations for acute respiratory diseases). Within each of the analysed age groups, boys were hospitalised more frequently. Irrespective of the place of residence, infants were most commonly hospitalised. It was observed that there was a significant difference between the incidence rate of pneumonia among hospitalised children in all analysed groups depending on the province. The average length of stay was 7.29 days, with infants requiring the longest stays (7.96 days), and 1.8% of children were rehospitalised within 30 days due to recurrence of pneumonia. The most commonly coded pathogens responsible for pneumonia included Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Chlamydia spp. A total of 19 inpatient hospital deaths in the course of pneumonia were reported. Conclusions Based on our findings, it is warranted to utilize epidemiological knowledge for the planning of an appropriate level of service commissioned both in outpatient and inpatient facilities as well as for the estimation of institutional and staff needs necessary to secure these services.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document