Factors affecting the epidemic process of tuberculosis among servicemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
İbadulla Əliağa oğlu Ağayev ◽  
◽  
Saleh Bakir oğlu Əhmədov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
The Republic

One of the main tasks of military epidemiology is to study the driving forces of the epidemic process in military teams and to conduct retrospective, prospective and operational analysis among servicemen and evaluate the results. The article is devoted to the analysis of the factors influencing the TB epidemic process, which was first detected among servicemen in 2009-2018. For this purpose, on the basis of medical documents (epidemiological Anamnesis sheet Form-20) of military servicemen discharged from army ranks with tuberculosis diagnosis from the Armed Forces Lung Diseases Hospital of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2009-2018 have been analyzed age groups, frequency of occurrence, detection methods, clinical forms and bactericidal properties of the disease. TB incidence rates of servicemen of the Ministry of Defense and the Special State Protection Service who were discharged from the army after being hospitalized with a diagnosis of tuberculosis at the Armed Forces Lung Diseases Hospital have been calculated. Key words: tuberculosis, military servicemen, service periods, age groups, clinical forms of tuberculosis

scholarly journals Epidemiology of ovarian cancer in Kazakhstan (2013-2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
E. K. Kukubasov ◽  
A. R. Satanova ◽  
R. O. Bolatbekova ◽  
D. B. Kaldibekov ◽  
А. А. Kurmanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Working Age ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
The Republic

Relevance: According to Globocan 2018, ovarian cancer (OC) ranks 18th among all other cancers affecting women around the world. More than 295,414 new cases of OC were reported only in 2018. The incidence is low in Western Europe and is high in Latvia, Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, Russia, and Kazakhstan. In 2018, ovarian malignancies ranked 8th (3.1%) in Kazakhstan among all malignant tumors. At that, there are no clearly recognized preventative measures to ensure the early detection of OC. 70% of ovarian malignancies are detected at stage III-IV. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis and assessment of the dynamics of the prevalence of OC in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2013-2018. Results: The analysis of age-related OC incidence in Kazakhstan showed the presence of ovarian malignancies in all age groups, with a marked increase by the age of 65-69 years. The majority of patients were women of the working age. Differences were found in the incidence rates by regions of the country. In the study period, the incidence was high in Qostanai, Pavlodar, and North Kazakhstan regions (northern part of the country) and Almaty. The incidence was below the national average in Atyrau, Jambyl, and South Kazakhstan regions (southern and western parts of the country). Recent years have witnessed a sharp increase in OC incidence in East Kazakhstan and Karaganda regions. Conclusion: The analysis of OC prevalence in the Republic of Kazakhstan and by regions showed an increase in OC incidence. There is a marked increase in OC detection in the northern areas of the country and a decrease in the number of cases in the south.

Features of the Current Epidemic Process of Infectious Mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
MI Popkova ◽  
OV Utkin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

Introduction: Today, we are witnessing the process of forming a fundamentally new epidemiological situation on infectious mononucleosis. Over the past decade, a general increase in the incidence of infectious mononucleosis, its proportion in the structure of respiratory tract infections, and economic importance was noted in Russia. Information about the epidemic process of infectious mononucleosis in different areas is limited. Our objective was to study the features of the epidemic process of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2010–2019. Methods: We conducted a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region for 2010–2019 based on official statistics using standard statistical approaches. Results and discussion: The long-term incidence rate of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region was stable (+0.6 %) with the long-term average rate of 12.6 ± 0.6 ‰оо. An autumn-winter-spring seasonality with two distinct peaks (in November–December and May) was revealed. The majority of cases were children aged 0–14 years (72.8 ± 2.2 %). The highest incidence rates were regis�tered in the age groups of 1–2 and 3-6 years. We established a reverse trend in the disease incidence among children aged 0–6 (decrease) and 7 years and older (increase). Adolescents aged 15–17 demonstrated the most pronounced growth rate (+7.5 %). The typical annual dynamics in adults was distinguished by a clear spring-summer seasonality, the absence of a characteristic growth in the autumn months, and a low rate in December. The identified features of the epidemic process in different age groups require clarification and detailing. Conclusions: We established recent patterns and features of the epidemic process of infectious mononucleosis in the Nizhny Novgorod Region. This work is an important component of epidemiological surveillance of infection and a scientific basis for improving the existing system of preventive and anti-epidemic measures.

ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF PNEUMOCOCCAL CARRIAGE AND COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA INCIDENCE IN KHABAROVSK CITY IN 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (62) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Корита ◽  
Tatyana Korita ◽  
Людмила Бутакова ◽  
Lyudmila Butakova ◽  
Татьяна Каравянская ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Annual Dynamic

The research objective was to study prevalence of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage among different age-group populations as well as evaluate annual dynamics of nasopharyngeal carriage levels against incidence rates of community-acquired pneumonia in Khabarovsk city in 2015. The bacteriological research was conducted among 2429 people (1100 adults and 1329 children) suffering from respiratory diseases. The level of pneumococcal carriage of the whole group was equal to 12.3±0.67%. The pneumococcal carriage was registered in all age-groups; its highest levels were diagnosed in children from 1 to 3 years old and in children from 3 to 6 years old (27.0±2.16 and 23.1±1.97%, respectively). The incidence rates of community-acquired pneumonia equaled to 290.2 per 100000 of general population and 687.1 per 100000 of children population. The comparative analysis of annual dynamics of pneumococcal carriage and community-acquired pneumonia incidence rates among general population of Khabarovsk city and separately for children from 0 to 14 years old has shown a correlation between these epidemiologic manifestations. Typically, pneumococcal carriage and incidence rates are the lowest in August; they elevate in September due to influence of common factors that are associated with “mixing” of people. The peculiarity of annual dynamic of community-acquired pneumonia incidence rates is a double-wave course with maximum in April and September. The revealed trends show the correlation between epidemic process of community-acquired pneumonia and undetected epidemic process of pneumococcal infections manifested as pneumococcal carriage.

scholarly journals Smart Home Adoption: The Impact of User Characteristics and Differences in Perception of Benefits

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Soojung Chang ◽  
Kyeongsook Nam
Keyword(s):  
Smart Home ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Home Service ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Despite the various benefits offered by smart homes, they have not yet been widely adopted by mainstream users. This study was designed to identify user perceptions in the association between smart home service preference and adoption and to identify factors affecting the adoption and service preferences of smart homes. In order to achieve the goal of the study, an online survey was conducted among 400 potential users in the Republic of Korea. The main findings are as follows: First, there were considerable needs for the services that can support the independent lives of residents, such as safety and convenience services, among all age groups. Second, the study findings suggested that those who preferred environmental control service most were more likely to become relatively active adopters. Third, a significant association between the preference for smart home services and the intention to use was identified. Finally, the study findings suggested that the number of service preferences and adoption was not directly proportional. The findings reported in this study can improve the overall understanding of the process of adopting smart homes, and can provide important insights into user-centered strategies to promote the adoption of smart home services.

THE LEVEL AND STRUCTURE OF MORBIDITY OF DISEASES OF SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Olga R. Mukhamadeeva ◽  
N. Kh Sharafutdinova ◽  
V. V Polunina ◽  
M. Yu Pavlova ◽  
M. V Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Republic

According to research in Russia in 2016, the prevalence of diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue was 5871 cases per 100000 people, the incidence was 4259 cases per 100000 people. Severe chronic dermatoses significantly reduce the quality of life of patients and their families, the patients’ self-esteem suffers, their habitual lifestyle is disturbed. The purpose is to study the level dynamics and structure of the incidence of diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan for the period 2008-2017. The analysis of the structure and dynamics of the prevalence and the incidence of the ICD-10 class “Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue” (L00-L99) in the Republic of Bashkortostan was carried out according to the FSN form No. 12 for 2008-2017, and a simulated forecast of the incidence rate up to 2022 was compiled. The study revealed a steady downward trend in the prevalence and the incidence of these diseases in the Republic of Bashkortostan for the period 2011-2017. Considering the prediction data, the trend towards a decrease in the incidence rates of skin diseases until 2022 will continue. On this background, the level of the prevalence of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis tends to increase, the incidence of atopic dermatitis tends to increase, and the incidence of psoriasis tends to decrease. The proportion of severe chronic dermatoses increased 1.5-2 times in all age groups. Thus, the analysis makes it necessary to improve the work on the organization of medical care for patients with chronic dermatoses and methods for their prevention.

scholarly journals Comparison of indicators of mental disorders among army conscripts and 18–19 year old men in the Republic of Belarus in 2003–2015

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
D. A. Chernov ◽  
V. I. Evdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Old Men ◽  
And Behavior

Relevance. The mental health status of military personnel is an important factor in the combat readiness and combativity of the armies of the countries of the world. Intention. Analysis of the mental disorders among army conscripts and 18–19 year old men in Republic of Belarus in 2003–2015.Methodology. We studied the indicators of the general and primary morbidity of the personnel of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus based on 3/MED reports from military units, where about 80% of the total number of conscripts served. The indicators of mental disorders in the population of Belarus are obtained from «1-psychiatry» and «1-narcology» state statistical forms (Ministry of Health). The incidence rate was determined per 1000 people.The indicators of mental health disorders were classified according to the groups (blocks) of Class V «Mental and behavioral disorders» of the International Classification of Diseases and Behavioral Disorders, 10th revision (ICD-10).Results and Discussion. The conducted medical and statistical studies showed that average annual levels of the general and primary morbidity among the conscripts with mental disorders in the Armed Forces in 2003–2015 were statistically significantly lower compared to 18–19 year old civilians in the Republic of Belarus. The overall incidence rates of mental disorders were (34.05 ± 1.05) and (111.98 ± 4.58)‰ (p < 0.001), the primary incidence rates were (17.26 ± 1.02) and (28.51 ± 1.26)‰, respectively (p < 0.001). Polynomial trends in the general and primary morbidity among military conscripts with mental disorders with different determination coefficients showed a decrease and among 18–19 year old men – an increase. In the structure of the studied medical and statistical types of mental morbidity among military conscripts from the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders (group 5, F40–F48 according to ICD-10) and personality and behavior disorders in adulthood (7th group, F60–F69) were most common. Their total contributions were 85.4 and 78.5%, respectively, for the structure of the general incidence rate and the primary incidence rate. In military conscripts in 2003–2015, there was a decrease in the level and percentage of neurotic, associated with stress, and somatoform disorders in the overall structure of incidence of mental disorders. In the structure of the analyzed medical and statistical types of mental disorders among 18–19 year old men in the Republic of Belarus, mental and behavior disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances (2nd group, F10–F19) and mental retardation (8th group, F70–F79) were most common. Their total contributions to the structure of the overall and primary incidence were 69.7 and 74.9%, respectively. Unfortunately, these mental disorders among 18–19 year old men in the Republic of Belarus in 2003–2015 tended to increase.Conclusion. The existing system of military medical examination of draftees, professional selection, along with distribution of personnel according to military registration specialties based on personal characteristics, professional preparedness and functional reserves of the organism, as well as medical support in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus help to optimize the military professional adaptation of military conscripts and psycho-prevention of mental disorders.

scholarly journals Mortality by marital status in the Republic of Serbia

2018 ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Ivan Marinkovic ◽  
Biljana Radivojevic
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Population Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Mortality among married is lower than in those out of wedlock. Studies in European countries show that the difference in mortality between those who are married and those unmarried is increased regardless of sex. The main objective of the analysis in this paper is to show the impact of marriage on the mortality of the population, as well as the difference in the life expectancy of men and women in Serbia, by marriage status. Is there a protective effect of marriage? That is, can we confirm the hypothesis of higher importance of marriage status, when it comes to mortality of the men, and can we determine whether there are strong links between mortality and various modalities of marriage in the female population? Mortality trends for married and unmarried individuals were analyzed between the years 1981 and 2011, for both male and female population by five-year age groups. The scope of the analysis is the territory of Central Serbia and Vojvodina. This aspect of mortality is not sufficiently addressed in national research, which is why it is expected that the results of the conducted research can contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors affecting the mortality of the population in Serbia.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ROTAVIRUS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACUTE DIARRHEAL DISEASES IN CHILDREN IN UZBEKISTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 239-241
Author(s):  
IIkham M. Norboev
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Serological Study ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the results of epidemiological studies of the role of rotavirus in the development of acute diarrheal diseases in children in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Practice of new epidemiological criteria allowed to differentiate the different intensity of the epidemic process and the manifestation of epidemiological patterns of rotavirus infection depending on the region of the republic. The probability of participation of rotaviruses in the formation of the epidemic process in acute diarrheal diseases is proved. The study was conducted in two regions of the republic differing from each other by economic and social conditions. The material for this study was the data obtained as a result of a serological study of feces samples taken from patients with acute diarrheal diseases before the age of 5 years. When examining 1597 children with acute diarrhea in 532 (33.3%) cases, we were able to establish the presence of rotavirus antigens in the feces. Summarizing the above, we can assume that in the Republic of Uzbekistan, rotaviruses occupy one of the leading places in the etiological structure of acute diarrheal diseases, especially in younger age groups.

scholarly journals Using of DDU Temperature Models for Predicting the Spread of Dirofilariosis in Dogs in Various Regions of the Republic of Armenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
R. V. Slobodyanik ◽  
S. S. Zykova ◽  
A. L. Kryazhev
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
First Line ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Temperature Modeling ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
The Republic

The purpose of the research is to study the possibility of using the temperature DDU (dirofilaria development units) model for predicting the spread of dirofilariosis in dogs in various regions of the Republic of Armenia.Materials and methods. To obtain temperature models of dirofilariosis in various regions of Armenia, the method of mathematical modeling was applied. The method for determining the number of generations of Dirofilaria spp. infection is based on the effect of the average daily air temperature on the rate of development of Dirofilaria larvae in mosquitoes with a threshold of 14 °C. For a negative value of DDU, the value is set to zero. At temperatures above the threshold, DDU accumulate. For the development of larvae to the infective stage, an amount of 130 DDU is required. The number of possible generations of one generation of larvae L3 was calculated by dividing the annual sum of temperatures above 14 °C by 130 DDU, taking into account that 130 DDU should accumulate within a period not exceeding 30 days. The calculation uses daily data on the average daily air temperature in the period from 2017 to 2019 for Shirak, Aragatston, Armavir and Ararat regions of Armenia.Results and discussion. Temperature modeling of DDU is not of high significance, since it takes into account only the average daily air temperature and does not take into account other factors affecting the incidence rates. The largest number of generations of larvae in mosquitoes could be realized in the Armavir and Ararat regions – on average, 16 generations per year. At the same time, the infection of dogs with dirofilariae in the Armavir region was 42.8%, and in the Ararat region – 29.6%. In Aragatston region, on average, 14–15 generations are developing per year. Dirofilariosis was not detected in the studied dogs. In the Shirak region, on average, 7–8 generations are developing per year. Dirofilariae infection was detected in 3.6% of the dogs studied. Based on the temperature DDU-model of dirofilariosis (on the dates of the end of the first and last incubation of dirofilariosis larvae in mosquitoes for several years), as well as the results of phenological observations, we have developed schemes for effective prevention of dirofilariosis. In order to organize and conduct veterinary preventive measures to prevent infestation of dogs by dirofilariae, it is necessary to organize two lines of defense. The first line of defense: the use of anthelmintics from the group of macrocyclic lactones in Aragatston, Armavir and Ararat regions, which is carried out monthly, and in the Shirak region - from April to January. The second line of defense is repellant treatment of dogs in the Aragatston, Armavir and Ararat regions from March to November, and in the Shirak region from April to October. The practical application of temperature DDU-models of dirofilariosis allows specialists of veterinary and sanitary services to establish the timing of the epizootic season of dirofilariosis, as well as organize and conduct veterinary preventive and therapeutic measures among the population of dogs in endemically disadvantaged areas of the republic.

The Incidence of Enterobiasis in Children Attending Educational Institutions of the Tyumen Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
AN Letyushev ◽  
TF Stepanova ◽  
GV Sharukho
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Interval Data ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Testing Coverage

Introduction: Enterobiasis remains a predominant invasion in the structure of parasitic diseases. At the same time, judging by the incidence rates of enterobiasis, the activity of the epidemic process differs significantly from one region to another and even between cities of one and the same region. The purpose of our study was to assess the intensity of the epidemic process of enterobiasis based on incidence rates and pinworm testing coverage in children aged 3 to 6 years attending preschools and schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 years in the Tyumen Region. Materials and methods: We analyzed data on the incidence of enterobiasis (per 100 thousand population) and pinworm testing coverage (%) per 100 children of two age groups (3 to 6 and 7 to 14 years old) by municipalities of the Tyumen Region in 2013–2017. The interval data were analyzed using methods of variation statistics. To test the hypothesis that the differences between samples were random, a univariate analysis of variance was used. Additionally, the mean difference was calculated and its 95 % confidence interval was determined. The strength of the relationship between two variables was measured using the coefficient of determination, i.e. the square of the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: We gave a comparative characteristic of the intensity of the epidemic process of enterobiasis based on the incidence and pinworm testing coverage data in 3 to 14-year-old children attending educational institutions of the Tyumen Region in 2013–2017 and assessed the deterministic relationship between the incidence rates of enterobiasis and the commitment of healthcare workers to pinworm detection testing in organized groups of children. Conclusions: We established that the incidence of pinworm infection in the child population of the Tyumen Region differed significantly between the administrative territories. It should be noted, however, that a relatively high incidence of enterobiasis in some areas was mainly attributed to a high pinworm testing coverage of children while in other areas a low coverage underestimated the incidence rate of enterobiasis and created a false impression of epidemiological welfare.

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