scholarly journals FEMALE LABOR ON THE RAILWAYS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE: HISTORIOGRAPHIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
V.A. Serdiuk
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
Railway Industry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article is devoted to a general historiographic review of domestic and foreign literature on the study of the problem of the use of female labor on railways. The subject of the research is the publications of pre-revolutionary, soviet and modern researchers on the issue of women's contribution to the development of the railway industry of the Russian empire in the XIX - early XX centuries. The author attempts to answer the question how the place and role of women in railway activities before 1917 in the pre-revolutionary and soviet periods, as well as after the collapse of the USSR, was assessed. The article concluded that the literature of the post-soviet period significantly expanded the scope of studying the problem, but still relies on the historiography of the soviet period.

scholarly journals The “Europe – Russia” Dichotomy as an Invented Tradition of Modern Georgian Nationalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-54
Author(s):  
M. W. Kyrchanov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Trauma ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Intellectual Discourse ◽  
Invented Tradition ◽  
Invented Traditions ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Post Soviet Period

In the article, the author analyzes the transformation of the dichotomy “Europe – Russia” in contemporary Georgian intellectual discourse as well as strategies and forms of positive and negative ideologization of the West and Russia. We state that the hypertrophied role of European and Russian images in the Georgian discourse has resulted from the belief of elites in the collective West as an alternative to Russian infl uence. We analyze the main strategies of forming a positive image of Europe in Georgian intellectual discourse, believing that the development of European motifs and images by several generations of Georgian intellectuals led to the emergence of a unique Georgian Europeanism and the concept of the “Non Typical European” Georgian nation. The development of European images depends on the formation and promotion of the image of Russia as a universal Other. It is assumed that the negative mythologization of Russia resulted from the historical trauma of the loss of statehood, Georgia’s forced history in the Russian Empire and the USSR, as well as the failures in the Russian-Georgian relations in the post-Soviet period. Overall, the author believes that Russian and European narratives have become invented traditions of Georgian identity that infl uence the strategies of elites in Georgian foreign policy.

scholarly journals Cantonment of troops and housing service in Belarus (mid 1850s – mid 1870s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-58
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr B. Arlukevich
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Housing Allowance ◽  
Housing Service ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The article reveals the essence of one of the phenomena of the era of Alexander’s reforms which on the scale of the Russian Empire was most common in Belarus but until now has not become the subject of research by Belarusian historians. According to the sources identified in the archives and book repositories of Belarus, Russia, Lithuania the military post due to the special geostrategic position of the Belarusian provinces in the mid 1850s – mid 1870s was an integral attribute of the daily life of hundreds of thousands of their inhabitants. In the present study is the first to assess the extent of involvement of the population in Belarusian provinces in support of troops of the Russian Empire housing allowance, sets out the principles and forms of army civilian infrastructure and food within the housing service, the role of local civil administration and selfgovernment in the cantonment of the troops on the ground. For the first time most of the used ones are mentioned.

scholarly journals Artistic comprehension of life and creative path of Abusufyan Akayev in the works of Kumyk writers (based on the analysis of the poem “Flame” by Badrutdin Magomedov)

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Agaragim Magomedovich Sultanmuradov ◽  
Kamilla Bairamalievna Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Special Place ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The subject of this research is the artistic comprehension of life and creative path of A. Akayev in the works of Kumyk writers. The object of this research is the poem “Flame” by the prominent Kumyk poet B. Magomedov. The author explores the place and role of A. Akayev in the history of spiritual culture of the Kumyk people and other peoples of Dagestan; evolution of the traditions of artistic comprehension of life and creative path of the outstanding Kumyk writers (including Abusufyan) in the history of Kumyk literature; and the deleterious influence of the consequences of Stalin's repressions on the spiritual life of the people later on. Particular attention is given to the analysis of the problematic and literary peculiarities of the poem. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the history of Kumyk literature features such figures, whose life and creative path have become the object of not only literary studies, but also the object of their artistic comprehension; 2) over a dozen Kumyk authors dedicated their works to the artistic comprehension life and creative path of A. Akayev, among which B. Magomedov’s poem “Flame” holds a special place.. The author’s contribution to this research consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of one of the best in ideological and artistic aspect compositions of Kumyk literature of the post-Soviet period. The novelty is defined by the fact that this problem has not previously become the subject of special research.

THE HISTORY OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS IN BUKHARA AND RUSSIA IN THE RESEARCH OF THE 20-50s OF THE XX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Sunnatillo Khamraev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire

The study of the history of diplomatic relations between the Emirate of Bukhara and the Russian Empire is one of the most important issues in the history of Uzbekistan. This article presents an analysis of research on the study of this issue in the early Soviet period, i.e. in the 20-50s of the twentieth century. In addition, the aspects and approaches that have been given great attention by researchers to the diplomatic relations between the two countries are analyzed. The article reveals the goals and interests of both parties in diplomatic relations between the Bukhara Emirate and the Russian Empire, highlights all diplomatic missions and embassies of the Bukhara Emirate before it became a protectorate of the Russian Empire, uses archival materials and sources on the subject, approaches to diplomatic relations, it was emphasized that it is advisable to conduct them on the basis of such principles as ideological orientations

scholarly journals Historiography of industrial monopolization in the Russian Empire in the late XIX – early XX century

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-60
Author(s):  
Olha Zabudkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Socialist Revolution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Management ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article analyzes the coverage in the historical literature of the problem of industry’s monopolization in the Russian Empire in the late XIX – early XX century. There are three periods in the development of the historiography have been identified. During the imperial period (late XIX – early XX century.) works were not only theoretical but also practical. Despite the fact that most of these works are descriptive and have a relatively weak source base, they laid the foundation for further study of the problem. In the second, Soviet period, there are three stages. During the first (1920s – mid-1950s) there is an evolution of approaches to the study of monopolies from pre-Soviet traditions to their understanding as one of the means of external management of the Russian Empire’s economy with foreign capital. At the next stage (mid-1950s – mid-1970s) the idea of ​​the weakness of monopoly and the dependent nature of the empire is replaced by the idea of ​​forming the highest stage of capitalism – imperialism, one of the main features of which was the domination of monopolies. During the third stage (mid-1970s – 1980s), research became complex, and the thesis of the high development of monopoly capitalism as a precondition for the socialist revolution was defended. Modern historiography, which represents the third stage, is marked by the desire of historians to objectively cover the role of monopolies, but the problems of monopolization in the Russian Empire are covered mainly in single explorations or in complex works on the history of late XIX – early XX centuries. It is concluded that the analysis of historiography of industrial monopolization’s history in the Russian Empire showed the fragmentary study of the problem, which determines the importance of its further study.

scholarly journals Reasons and Nature of the Accession of Kazakhstan to the Russian Empire (Historiography of the Problem)

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
A.A. Alinov ◽  
М.А. Demin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article is devoted to the analysis of historical concepts developed by Soviet, Russian and Kazakhstan historians on one of the most debatable issues in the history of Russian-Kazakh relations, regarding the reasons and nature of Kazakhstan's accession to the Russian Empire. Soviet historians have done a lot to accumulate a factual base for studying Russian-Kazakh relations. However, following predetermined ideological theses narrowed the problems of research and obscured the complexity and inconsistency of the phenomena under consideration. In the post-Soviet period, Russian historical science uses the latest methodological approaches to study the phenomenon of empire, requiring neutral assessments taking into account various aspects of imperial construction and imperial practice. Onedimensional damning characteristics began to give way to issues of historical experience of the Russian Empire, explaining how, in conditions of confessional diversity and multinational composition of the population, it managed to maintain stability for many centuries. In the 1990s in Kazakh historiography, the concept of "voluntary entry" of Kazakhstan into Russia was radically revised with an emphasis on exposing the colonial essence of Russian transformations in the region. Over the past two decades, Kazakh historical science has been gradually moving away from unilateral radical assessments and political conjuncture, more balanced and justified characteristics of the accession of the Kazakh Steppe to the Russian state appear.

POST-SOVIET CITY AS A PALIMPSEST

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-68
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kosovan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Coordinator ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The author of the publication reviews the photobook “Palimpsests”, published in 2018 in the publishing house “Ad Marginem Press” with the support of the Heinrich Böll Foundation. The book presents photos of post-Soviet cities taken by M. Sher. Preface, the author of which is the coordinator of the “Democracy” program of the Heinrich Böll Foundation in Russia N. Fatykhova, as well as articles by M. Trudolyubov and K. Bush, which accompany these photos, contain explanation of the peculiarities of urban space formation and patterns of its habitation in the Soviet Union times and in the post-Soviet period. The author of the publication highly appreciates the publication under review. Analyzing the photographic works of M. Sher and their interpretation undertaken in the articles, the author of the publication agrees with the main conclusions of N. Fatykhova, M. Trudolyubov and K. Bush with regards to the importance of the role of the state in the processes of urban development and urbanization in the Soviet and post-Soviet space, but points out that the second factor that has a key influence on these processes is ownership relations. The paper positively assesses the approach proposed by the authors of the photobook to the study of the post-Soviet city as an architectural and landscape palimpsest consisting mainly of two layers, “socialist” and “capitalist”. The author of the publication specifically emphasizes the importance of analyzing the archetypal component of this palimpsest, pointing out that the articles published in the reviewed book do not pay sufficient attention to this issue. Particular importance is attributed by the author to the issue of metageography of post-Soviet cities and meta-geographical approach to their exploration. Emphasizing that the urban palimpsest is a system of realities, each in turn including a multitude of ideas, meanings, symbols, and interpretations, the author points out that the photobook “Palimpsests” is actually an invitation to a scientific game with space, which should start a new direction in the study of post-Soviet urban space.

FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION ANDSIGNIFICANCE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLE AND LEGAL INSTITUTION OF JUDICIAL REPRESENTATION IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE OF THE XIX CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4(73)) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
A.V. Sosnin
Keyword(s):  
Legal Profession ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Legal Institution ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
Political Work ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The subject of the study establishes the nature of the legal profession, peculiarities of formation of the legal profession of the nineteenth century, and the conditions past development of the legal profession in the Russian Empire and the first steps in the reformation of jury legal profession, providing information on references to judicial representation in the oldest monuments of the Russian Empire of the XIX century. Some features of the judicial counter-reform of 1864, which served as the beginning of the emergence and appearance of the juried bar, are described. The problems worthy on the way of self-origin and improvement of legal Institute of bar, the developed aspects of the organization and work of bar in the course of its formation were revealed. The embodiment of the ancient and later foundations of independence, the legality of corporatism, self-government and equality of lawyers. The test of reconstruction of one of the first and important legal institutions of representation of judicial and source studies of the Russian Empire is carried out. The key conclusions that determined the practice of our time, state political work, which formed the basis of the judicial and legal system of the state, are established.

The Central Snitch Squad at the Saint-Petersburg Security Department as the Subject of Ensuring the Security of the Head of State in the Russian Empire

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Anton Matveev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Job Descriptions ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article is devoted to the organization and activities of the Central Snitch Squad at the Saint-Petersburg Security Department for ensuring the security of the head of state in the Russian Empire. The normative basis for the activities of agents of the Central Snitch Squad and the specifics of implementation of their job descriptions are described in the article. The Central Snitch Squad was a separate division of the Search and Surveillance Service of the Russian Empire, which solved the various and most complex tasks of search-and-surveillance. The Central Snitch Squad operated until the fall of the monarchy in February 1917, but the experience gained by it in fulfilling tasks of national importance continues to be used in modern Russia. At the same time, the issues of the organization and functioning of the Central Snitch Squad have not received a comprehensive analysis yet. One of the activities of the Central Snitch Squad, which has not received proper coverage in historical and legal literature, is the protection of imperial majesties in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century. Therefore, its regulation and implementation has become the subject of this article. The main and integrating method of research on the organization and activities of the Central Snitch Squad was the method of materialist dialectics. General logical (deduction, induction, analysis and synthesis), general scientific (systemic, structural-functional, typologization) and special (formal-legal, historical-legal, comparative-legal, interpretations of regulatory legal acts, sociological and statistical) methods of legal research were used. It was concluded that the protection of imperial majesties and the highest persons in the Russian Empire was one of the most important areas of activity of the gendarmerie. The simultaneous existence of three different divisions that guarded the emperor ‒ the Central Snitch Squad, the Security Unit and the Security Agency led to duplication of agents activities and inconsistent actions of the units. The Central Snitch Squad of the Saint-Petersburg Security Department has accumulated a variety of search-and-surveillance experience that can be used to solve problems of national importance in modern Russia.

KUMYK SATIRICAL AND HUMOROUS PROSE OF THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Malik Alievich Guseynov
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Social Component ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article considers the Kumyk satirical-humorous prose of the last thirty years on the example of the work of its prominent representatives A. Mamaev and G. Konakbiev, highlights its individual trends, content, artistic features. It is noted that in it, with the leading role of small genres, we can see the activation of a short story of an anecdotal form, the weakening of the social component against the background of increased writers’ attention to private phenomena, an appeal to traditional moral values, active operation by such comic means as playing words, transitions from the author's position to the position of characters, dynamic plots, spectacular finals, etc.

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