scholarly journals Uji daya hambat ekstrak biji pala (myristicae fragrans)terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri staphylococcus aureus dan streptococcus pyogenes

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Praisia M.E. Rumopa ◽  
Henoch Awaloei ◽  
Christi Mambo

Abstract: People of Indonesia especially in North Sulawesi often use nutmeg powder for wound treatment. Comensalist bacterias that live in human skin, like Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenescan infect open wound especially those that are not treatedwell. This study aimed to find out the result of nutmeg extract inhibition test on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. This was a laboratory experimental study using modified Kirby-Bauer wells at Phytochemistry and Micobriology Laboratory of Sam Ratulangi University Faculty of Mathematics and Science. Nutmeg extract was obtained from maceration process with 96% ethanol. Concentrations of the thick extract that was used were 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, and 12,5 mg/ml. Cefuroxime was used as positive control and aquades was used as negative control. The results showed that aquades had no inhibition zone. Cefuroxime had the widest diameter of inhibition zone. The average of inhibition diameter that was produced by Cefuroxime was 37,33 mm toward S. Aureus bacteria and 42,67 mm toward S. Pyogenes bacteria. Nutmeg extract with 100 mg/ml concentration produced a 25,16 mm inhibition zone diameter on S. Aureus bacteria and 24,16 mm on S. Pyogenes bacteria. Nutmeg extract with 25 mg/ml concentration produced a 19,16 mm diameter on S. Aureus bacteria and 20,66 mm on S. Pyogenes bacteria. While nutmeg extract with 12,5 mg/ml concentration prodyced a 16,16 mm diameter on S. Aureus bacteria and 18,16 mm on S. Pyogenes bacteria. Conclusion: Nutmeg extract has a potential inhibition effect on the growth of S. Aureus and S. Pyogenes bacteria. The inhibition effect of nutmeg extract is stronger on S. Pyogenes than S. Aureus.Keywords: antibacterial , nutmeg extract, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes. Abstrak: Masyarakat Indonesia khususnya di Sulawesi Utara sering menggunakan serbuk biji pala untuk pengobatan luka. Bakteri bersifat komensal yang hidup di kulit manusia, seperti bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus pyogenes dapat menginfeksi luka terbuka terutama yang tidak dirawat dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui uji daya hambat ekstrak ekstrak biji pala terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus pyogenes. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorium dengan modifikasi Kirby-Bauer sumuran di Laboratorium Fitokimia dan Mikrobiologi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi,. Ekstrak biji pala diperoleh dari proses maserasi dengan etanol 96%. Konsentrasi ekstrak kental yang digunakan ialah 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, dan 12,5 mg/ml. Sefuroksim sebagai kontrol positif dan akuades sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil peneltiian memperlihatkan bahwa akuades tidak mempunyai zona hambat. Sefuroksim memiliki diameter zona hambat yang paling besar. Rerata diameter zona hambat yang dihasilkan oleh sefuroksim adalah 37,33 mm terhadap bakteri S.aureus dan 42,67 mm pada bakteri S.pyogenes. Ekstrak biji pala konsentrasi 100 mg/ml menghasilkan diameter zona hambat sebesar 25,16 mm pada bakteri S.aureus dan 24,16 mm pada bakteri S.pyogenes. Ekstrak biji pala konsentrasi 50 mg/ml sebesar 21 mm pada bakteri S.aureus dan 23,16 mmpada bakteri S.pyogenes. Ekstrak biji pala konsentrasi 25 mg/ml sebesar 19,16 mm pada bakteri S.aureus dan 20,66 mmpada bakteri S.pyogenes. Sedangkan ekstrak biji pala konsentrasi 12,5 mg/ml sebesar 16,16 mm pada bakteri S.aureus dan 18,16 mmpada bakteri S.pyogenes. Simpulan: Ekstrak biji pala berpotensi memiliki efek daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S.aureus dan S.pyogenes. Daya hambat ekstrak biji pala lebih besar pada S.pyogenes daripada S.aureus. Kata kunci: antibakteri, ekstrak biji pala, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Yayuk Bulam Sarifati ◽  
Sjarif Ismail ◽  
Khemasili Kosala

Mekai leaves (Pycnarrhena cauliflora Diels.) (P. cauliflora). Are known to contain flavonoid compounds, tannins and phenolics that act as antibacterial agents and are used in the treatment of eye pain. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the examples of bacterial diseases of eye pain and also a major cause of many infections in communities and health facilities with cases of resistance to various antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this study was to prove the antibacterial activity of mekai leaves ethanol extract against S. aureus bacteria. This research is an experimental research. The stages of this research began by extracting mekai leaves using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Antibacterial activity was tested by the disc method (Kirby-Bauer) using ethanol extract concentrations of mekai leaves (EPC) 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, positive control using 25 μg amoxicillin and negative control using DMSO 10%. The measurement results of inhibition zones of mekai leaf ethanol extract 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% respectively were 8.32 mm, 8.32 mm, 8.32 mm, 8.67 mm, 9.00 mm, 8.67 mm, and 8.33 mm. While the positive control measurement of 25 μg amoxicillin against S. aureus is 28.67 mm and the measurement of 10% negative DMSO control does not produce inhibitory zones, so it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of mekai leaves has antibacterial activity, but the area of ​​inhibition zone produced is smaller than amoxicillin 25 µg. The results of statistical tests using Mann Whitney between negative controls with all EPC concentrations obtained significant differences with p values ​​<0.05, it can be concluded that there is antibacterial activity produced at all EPC concentrations.


EKOLOGIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Oom Komala ◽  
. Ismanto ◽  
Muhammad Alan Maulana

Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the pathogenic bacteria that causes pharyngitis. Natural treatment to overcome these problems is to use cardamom seeds. The purpose of this study was to test the antibacterial activity, determine the concentration of inhibitory zone and phytochemical compounds from  ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds (Amomum compactum Soland. Ex Maton) against Streptococcus pyogenes. The method is used   solid dilution and paper disc diffusion method. The solid dilution method is used for the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test with a concentration of 1.25%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% while the paper diffusion method is used for the Inhibition zone Diameter (IZD)  using five treatments namely three concentrations of ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds (7.5%, 10% and 12%), one positive control of amoxicillin 0.01 mg/mL and one negative control of sterile distilled water. IZD data were  analyzed using ANOVA with a confidence level of 95% and α = 0.05 and Duncan's further tests to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that the MIC  was at a concentration of 7.5% while for the IZD test which had the highest activity there was a concentration of 12% with an average inhibition diameter of 12.03 ± 0.14 mm. In addition, ethanol 96% extract of Java cardamom seeds contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins which function in antibacterial activity.


Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercy Ngajow ◽  
Jemmy Abidjulu ◽  
Vanda S. Kamu

Telah dilakukan penelitian secara kualitatif terhadap pengaruh antibakteri dari ekstrak kulit batang matoa (Pometia pinnata. Spp.) terhadap bakteri Gram positif Staphylococcus aureus . Sebelum dilakukan uji antibakteri, sampel yang telah diekstrak secara maserasi diuji fitokimia terlebih dahulu untuk menentukan kandungan metabolit sekunder yang telah diketahui berperan sebagai agen antibakteri. Setelah dilakukan uji fitokimia, ekstrak diuji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan menggunakan teknik difusi agar dengan cara sumuran. Ekstrak dilarutkan pada aquades steril dengan perbandingan 2 g ekstrak pada 2 mL air. Untuk kontrol positif, digunakan ciprofloxacin dan aquades steril sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit batang matoa memiliki aktivitas antibakteri setelah diinkubasi selama 24 jam pada 37 OC. Dari 3 kali pengulangan dengan masing – masing 3 sumuran, didapat zona hambat masing – masing 16.84 mm, 12.5 mm dan 14.5 mm dengan kontrol positif 29.67 mm serta kontrol negatif 0 mm. Hasil yang diperoleh didukung oleh keberadaan metabolit sekunder hasil uji fitokimia yaitu tanin, flavonoid, terpenoid dan saponin.A qualitative study has done  of the antibacterial effect of matoa (Pometia pinnata) stem bark extract against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus . Before the antibacterial test , samples were extracted by maceration and then  phytochemical  tested to measuring the content of secondary metabolites  that have been known to act as an antibacterial agent . After being tested of phytochemical , extracts were tested the antibacterial effect  against Staphylococcus aureus using agar diffusion technique. Extract was dissolved in sterile distilled water with a ratio of 2 g of extract in 2 mL of water . For the positive control , use of ciprofloxacin and sterile distilled water as a negative control . Results of this study indicate that matoa bark extract has antibacterial effect after incubation for 24 h at 37OC . Of 3 times with each repetition - each 3 wells, the inhibition zone obtained - each 16.84 mm , 12.5 mm and 14.5 mm with 29.67 mm of positive control and a negative control by 0 mm . The results are supported by the presence of secondary metabolites by phytochemical test such as tannins , flavonoids , terpenoids and saponins.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amalia Eka Putri ◽  
Kristina Handayani

Infectious disease is an important disease in Indonesia. Infectious diseases can be caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Infectious diseases can be treated with antibiotics, but antibiotics now resistance.Therefore, other alternatives such as are needed papaya stem which can be used as an antibacterial against S.aureus ATCC 25923. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of papaya stem extract gel against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Papaya stem sample extracted using a method soxhletation with 96% ethanol. The extract was made into a gel dosage with a concentration of 5%. The positive control used is clindamycin and the negative control is gel without extract. The results of the papaya stem gel antibacterial activity test showed that the papaya stem gel had antibacterial activity against S.aureus ATCC 25923. The papaya stem extract gel preparation with a concentration of 5% had an average inhibition zone diameter of 18,56±0,51mm. The antibacterial activity is thought to come from the flavonoids, tannins, and saponins contained in the papaya stem fraction.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Aan Yulianingsih ◽  
Dzikra Arwie

The background of this study is Staphylococcus aureus is an anaerobic facultative bacterium and one of the normal microflora in the mouth. However, if it is influenced by predisposing factors, it will become a pathogen. Bidara leaves have antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, because Bidara leaves contain various compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and essential oils. The purpose of this study was to determine how much inhibitory power produced by Bidara leaf extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research method is a laboratory experimental research using the diffusion test (wells) method. The sample of this study was Staphylococcus aureus. Dilution of Bidara leaf extract consists of 5 concentrations including: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Chlorampheniocol is used for Positive control while Negative control uses aquadest. Based on observations show that the average diameter of inhibitory zone Bidara leaf extract at a concentration of 20% with a diameter of 10.5 mm (R), at a concentration of 60% and 80% with a diameter of 16 mm and 18 mm (I), at a concentration of 100% with a diameter of 24 mm (S). It can be concluded that the higher the concentration of Bidara leaf extract, the inhibition zone formed will increase. So Bidara leaves are good for use in treating infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igede Sudarmanto

Background: Resistance is defined as growth inhibition of bacteria with antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is known to be resistant to gentamicin and methicillin. Staphylococcus aureus can cause various infection of the skin, injuries, and system. Methods: This research is true-experimental with Posttest-Only Control Group Design and using Kirby-Bauer method by means of five concentration (20, 40, 60, 80, dan 100%). The negative control uses sterile distilled water, and the positive control uses Vancomycin 30 µg. Result: This research showed the mean of inhibition zone diameter of each concentration consecutively 16 mm, 20 mm, 22 mm, 23 mm, and 23 mm. Oneway ANOVA statistic analysis showed that the value of p is 0,000 that mean there is an influence of encok roots extract to Staphylococcus aureus growth. Conclusion: There is an influence of encok roots extract to Staphylococcus aureus growth. Seen from its ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia P.N Keliat ◽  
Darniati Darniati ◽  
Abdul Harris ◽  
Erina Erina ◽  
Rinidar Rinidar ◽  
...  

This study aimed to determine the inhibitory effect and the concentration of fingerroot extract to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus growth. The data was analyzed descriptively. Ampicillin was used as positive control, distilled water was used as negative control, and the treatments were given fingerroot extract with a concentration of 5%, 15%, 25%, 35% and 45%. This study was conducted with three replications. The parameter measured was the diameter of inhibition zone formed by diffusion method. The average diameter of inhibition zone of the fingerroot extract were 15% : 10.3 mm; 25% : 13,6mm; 35% : 18,7mm; 45% ± 21,1mm, and at a concentration of 5% the inhibition zone is not formed. The final conclusion is that the fingerroot extract can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The higher concentration of fingerroot extract, the more extensive inhibition zone formed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Firdaus Fahdi ◽  
Harwitavia Harwitavia ◽  
Herviani Sari

The discovery of new antibiotic drugs is getting more and more reactive. The plant of the peria laut leaf is one of the drugs that is often used as a traditional medicine and contains bioactive compounds of polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins, which can inhibit antibacterial growth. Purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of peria laut leaves (Colubrina asiatica L.) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Method the experimental, of the sample used was concentrated marine peria laut leaf extract of 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 75mg/ml, 100mg/ml, 200mg/ml, 300mg/ml, 400mg/ml, and 500mg/ml, positive control of amoxicillin tablet 500 mg, negative control of dimethylsulfoxide with the method of disc diffusion testing using media Nutrient Agar. Results the showed thet the peria laut leaf extract positively contained bioactive alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins, and had inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Escgerichia coli bacteria with various concentrations which had been tested on the average area of the highest inhibition zone of 18,6 mm in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, and 10,2 mm in Escherichia coli bacteria. Conclusion peria laut leaf extract (Colubrina asiatica L.) has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria in the most inhibitory zone at a concentration of 500mg/ml with a diameter of 18,6 in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and 10,2 in Escherichia coli.


Author(s):  
Abdul Gofur ◽  
Ida Wulandari ◽  
M. Fitri Athoillah ◽  
Agung Witjoro ◽  
Sri Rahayu Lestari

Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive bacteria that often infect the skin. S. aureus has been experiencing resistance to several antibiotics. One of the solutions to overcome the resistance is by using garlic that is believed by the society can overcome bacterial infection. The study aimed to find out the influence of the variation in concentration of local single clove garlic essential oil used on the inhibition and damage of morphological structure of S. aureus bacteria. The inhibition test was conducted using disc diffusion method. The experiment groups consisted of  1% DMSO as negative control, vancomycin 30µg/ml as positive control and single clove garlic essential oil (25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml and100 mg/ml) as treatment groups. The diameter of inhibition zone was measured using calipers. The morphological damage of the bacterial cells can be seen using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with magnification of 25000x. The result of Kruskal-Wallis test analysis indicated that the extract of local garlic essential oil has inhibitory activities against S. aureus bacteria (P<0.05). The damage to the morphological structure of bacterial cells with the administration of 30 µg/ml vancomycin was equal to 100 mg/ml single clove garlic essential oil extract. Single clove garlic essential oil can be used as an alternative treatment for skin infection diseases by inhibiting S. aureus growth.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nani Hendriani ◽  
Netti Suharti ◽  
Julizar Julizar

AbstrakBakteri Gram-positif seperti Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus pyogenes telah resisten terhadap beberapa antibiotik, sehingga perlu dicari antibakteri alternatif lain. Manggis merupakan salah satu tanaman obat tradisional yang telah lama digunakan sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental terhadap kedua bakteri tersebut,  yang diberi enam perlakuan dengan enam kali pengulangan, yaitu kontrol positif (amoksisilin 25 mcg), kontrol negatif (larutan aquades), jus kulit buah manggis dosis I (konsentrasi 58,3% v/v) dan dosis II (konsentrasi 29,15% v/v), serta air rebusan kulit buah manggis dosis I (konsentrasi 30,7% v/v) dan dosis II (konsentrasi 15,35% v/v). Cawan petri dengan kedua isolat bakteri  yang telah ditanami cakram dengan 6 perlakuan diinkubasi selama 24 jam pada suhu 37°C, kemudian diukur diameter halo yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa air rebusan kulit buah manggis memiliki efek daya hambat yang lebih baik daripada jus kulit buah manggis. Efek antibakteri jus dan air rebusan kulit buah manggis lebih sensitif pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dibanding bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes.Kata kunci: kulit buah manggis, jus, air rebusan, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes AbstractGram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pyogenes have developed resistance to some antibiotic, therefore  need to find another alternative as antibacterial. Mangosteen well known as one of the traditional medicine used as antibacterial. This study was conducted in experimental fashion toward both of those bacteria which was given 6 treatment with 6 times repetition, consist of positive control (25 mcg of amoxicillin), negative control (aquades solution), mangosteen pericarp juice dose I (58% v/v) and dose II (29,15% v/v), and boiled mengosteen pericarp dose I (30,7% v/v) and dose II (15,35% v/v). Six paper disks treated with before mentioned treatment was putted on a petri dish which previously has been isolated with both of those bacteria incubated for 24 hour at temperature of 37º celcius. The halo produced after incubation period was measured. The result showed that boiled mangosteen pericarp has better inhibitory effect compared to mangosteen pericarp juice. Both antibacterial effect were more sensitive on Staphylococcus aureus than Streptococcus pyogenes.Keywords: mangosteen pericarp, juice, boiled, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes


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