Estimates and Analysis of the Reference Evapotranspiration in Gassol, Taraba State

Reference evapotranspiration is very important because it correlates with the amount of water required by crops and also plays very key role in the hydrological cycle. Evaporation is the process of water loss from the earth surface in which temperature effect is significant while transpiration is water loss from plants. Studying evapotranspiration is also important because of the link between climate change and water scarcity. The reference evapotranspiration for Gassol was estimated and analysis done to observe its trend and variation. In this paper, the FAO Penmann-Monteith model was used to estimate the reference evapotranspiration for Gassol town located in the Sudan Savannah vegetation belt of Nigeria. The annual monthly estimates show a generally recurring seasonal pattern of variation from 1985 to 1991. January through June had lower ET0 compared to July through December. The time series plot of the ET0 estimates from 1985 to 1991 in monthly renditions gives a cyclical pattern of variability with most of the years showing bimodal peaks. Also, an evenly spread data was presented by the normal distribution curve. The periodogram of the estimated reference evapotranspiration gave a dominant periodicity of 9.33 months cycle. The estimates of and the pattern of variation of the reference evapotranspiration as observed for Gassol in this study will very likely experience a continuous downward trend. For proper irrigation management, January to March and October to December should be properly planned.

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Performance of methods for estimation of table beet water requirement in Alagoas

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n3p189-193 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 189-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniella P. dos Santos ◽

Célia S. dos Santos ◽

Leiliane M. da Silva ◽

Márcio A. L. dos Santos ◽

Cícero G. dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Standard Method ◽

Water Scarcity ◽

Performance Index ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Crop Evapotranspiration ◽

Abstract Optimization ◽

Crop Coefficients ◽

Drainage Lysimeter

ABSTRACT Optimization of water use in agriculture is fundamental, particularly in regions where water scarcity is intense, requiring the adoption of technologies that promote increased irrigation efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate evapotranspiration models and to estimate the crop coefficients of beet grown in a drainage lysimeter in the Agreste region of Alagoas. The experiment was conducted at the Campus of the Federal University of Alagoas - UFAL, in the municipality of Arapiraca, AL, between March and April 2014. Crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was estimated in drainage lysimeters and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) by Penman-Monteith-FAO 56 and Hargreaves-Samani methods. The Hargreaves-Samani method presented a good performance index for ETo estimation compared with the Penman-Monteith-FAO method, indicating that it is adequate for the study area. Beet ETc showed a cumulative demand of 202.11 mm for a cumulative reference evapotranspiration of 152.00 mm. Kc values determined using the Penman-Monteith-FAO 56 and Hargreaves-Samani methods were overestimated, in comparison to the Kc values of the FAO-56 standard method. With the obtained results, it is possible to correct the equations of the methods for the region, allowing for adequate irrigation management.

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Essential Oil Content of Baccharis crispa Spreng. Regulated by Water Stress and Seasonal Variation

AgriEngineering ◽

10.3390/agriengineering2030031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 458-470

Author(s):

Maria Alejandra Moreno-Pizani ◽

Franklin Javier Paredes-Trejo ◽

Asdrubal Jesus Farias-Ramirez ◽

Hugo Thaner dos Santos ◽

Adna Prado Massarioli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Metabolite Profiles

Carqueja (Baccharis crispa Spreng.) has been primarily used as a medicinal plant around the world. Commercially, the essential oil content of carqueja leaves is the most valuable crop productivity variable. We evaluated the effect of irrigation management in different growing seasons on the essential oil content of carqueja leaves using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located in Southern Brazil, where the crop was cultivated for two years in different growing seasons under six irrigation regimes: 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, and 150% of the reference crop evapotranspiration (T25, T50, T75, T100, T125, and T150, respectively). A seasonal pattern was observed in the number of metabolites of sesquiterpenes and phenolics in the essential oil extracted from the biomass; this outcome was correlated with irrigation regimes and air temperature. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to discriminate the influence of abiotic conditions on secondary metabolite profiles. Spathulenol was the most abundant compound in the essential oils (95.43%) collected during the summer (December–March) season during the third harvest (H3) at T150. The essential oil content was 8.84% ± 0.05% and 10.52% ± 0.10% in summer and winter (June–September), respectively, with T100 at 45 and 46 days after planting.

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Comparative evaluation of 24 reference evapotranspiration equations applied on an evergreen-broadleaved forest

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2017.232 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 1028-1041 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Athanassios Bourletsikas ◽

Ioannis Argyrokastritis ◽

Nikolaos Proutsos

Keyword(s):

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Potential Evapotranspiration ◽

Efficiency Index ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Forest Environment ◽

Statistical Parameters ◽

Model Efficiency

Abstract Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is a major component of the hydrological cycle. Its use is essential both for the hydrological rainfall–runoff assessment models and determination of water requirements in agricultural and forest ecosystems. This study investigates the performance of 24 different methods, which produce ET0 or potential evapotranspiration estimates above a grass-covered ground in a Mediterranean forest environment in Greece and compares the derived results with those of the presumed most accurate and scientifically acceptable Penman–Monteith method (ETP-M). Their performance was evaluated on a daily basis for a period of 17 years, using 17 different statistical parameters of goodness of fit. The results showed that some empirical methods could serve as suitable alternatives. More specifically, Copais (ETCOP), Hargreaves original (ETHAR), and Valiantzas2 (ETVA2) methods, exhibited very good values of the model efficiency index, EF (0.934, 0.932, and 0.917, respectively) and the index of agreement, d (0.984, 0.982, and 0.977, respectively). Additionally, the differences of the estimated mean daily value against the respective ETP-M value (rt index) for all methods had a range of −27.8% (Penman – ETPEN) to +59.5% (Romanenko – ETROM), while Copais (ETCOP), Hargreaves–Samani modified1 (ETHS1), and STU (ETSTU) yielded the best values (−0.06%, +0.06%, and 0.22%, respectively).

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Comparison between forecasts of reference evapotranspiration and ETo values calculated using data from different climatic conditions

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-372 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ghaieth Ben Hamouda ◽

Francesca Ventura ◽

Daniele Zaccaria ◽

Khaled M. Bali ◽

Richard L. Snyder

Keyword(s):

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Physical Models ◽

Dew Point ◽

Water Losses ◽

Plant Canopies ◽

Crucial Component ◽

And Performance ◽

Using Data

<p>Evapotranspiration is the transfer of water from the earth's surface to the atmosphere. It comprises the sum of water losses to atmosphere due to the processes of evaporation of moisture from soil, water bodies and wet plant canopies, and the transpiration of water from plants. Forecasts of this crucial component of the hydrologic cycle can be very valuable for growers, farm managers, irrigation practitioners, water resource planners and managers, and reservoir operators for their planning, allocation, delivery and scheduling decisions, as well as to hydrologic scientists for research purposes. Verifying the reliability of models&#8217; forecasts is among the critical tasks for development and performance evaluation of physical models. In fact, the verification allows understanding the models&#8217; behavior, and evaluating their applicability and dependability. The US National Weather Service (NWS) has released a product that provides forecasts of reference evapotranspiration (FRET) at 2.5-km grid resolution for the entire continental US. In this study, a comparison is made between ETo estimates from FRET and ETo values calculated by the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) for 68 days during summer 2019. Both the FRET forecasts and ETo values were obtained from NWS and CIMIS, respectively, on the basis of 15 CIMIS locations that are representative of different climatic conditions in California. In addition, air temperature, dew point temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) data were also collected/calculated from the NWS and CIMIS websites to analyze the sensitivity of FRET forecasts to predictions of these parameters. All FRET forecasts were performed with timescales of 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. Statistical indices were calculated to assess the dependability of FRET values. They showed a good correlation of the FRET model outputs with CIMIS ETo data, with some differences depending on the climatic characteristics of selected weather stations&#8217; locations, suggesting that FRET data could be valuable for anticipating near-future water demand and improve irrigation management in California.</p>

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Irrigation management strategy for Prata-type banana

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n9p817-822 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 817-822 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcelo R. dos Santos ◽

Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽

Lilian L. Lourenço ◽

Tânia S. Silva ◽

Mauricio A. Coelho Filho

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Crop Coefficient ◽

Mother And Daughter ◽

Production Cycles ◽

Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze different irrigation strategies in two cultivars of the banana crop. The study was conducted in four production cycles of ‘Prata-Anã’ and ‘BRS Platina’ bananas. The applied irrigation depths (ID) were obtained by the model ID = K x LA x ETo, where K is an empirical transpiration constant of 0.20; 0.35; 0.50 and 0.65 for the strategies 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively; LA is the leaf area of mother and daughter plants of ‘Prata-Anã’ and ETo is the reference evapotranspiration. The strategy 5 was obtained according to the crop evapotranspiration, ETc = ETo x Kc, where Kc is the crop coefficient. Drip irrigation system was used, with two laterals per plant row and emitters with flow rate of 8 L h-1, spaced at 0.50 m. It was found that ‘Prata-Anã’ is more efficient than ‘BRS Platina’ in terms of water use and the model for irrigation management, ID = 0.35 x LA x ETo, is recommended to optimize water use by ‘Prata-Anã’ and ‘BRS Platina’ bananas, with increase in water use efficiency and maintenance of yield. The same model, with K coefficient equal to 0.50, makes it possible to obtain yield and water use efficiency equal to those obtained with irrigation management based on the ETc.

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Sistema web para estimativa de evapotranspiração potencial por diferentes métodos

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x36937 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Taison Anderson Bortolin ◽

Lucas Moraes dos Santos ◽

Adriano Gomes da Silva ◽

Vania Elisabete Schneider

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Web Application ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Great Influence ◽

Mathematical Methods ◽

Indirect Methods ◽

Computational Tools ◽

The Face ◽

Weather Stations

One of the parameters of the hydrological cycle that has great influence in water management and agricultural production is evapotranspiration. Finding ways to restore this amount of lost water to the ground is essential, whether from rain or irrigation techniques. In general, indirect methods are used to determine evapotranspiration, especially Penman-Monteith. However, the method requires a large number of variables, requiring the use of other indirect methods, less demanding in relation to the required data. Due to a great number of methods to be compared it is interesting to make use of computational tools that allow to automate these calculations. In the face of the problem, the development of a web application that calculates the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in an automated way, from the several mathematical methods found in the literature, was glimpsed. The system provides the user with daily ETo results (mm / month) for a given period of time, as well as the daily average (mm / month), for the month, and monthly (mm / month) for a given month during the period, using up-to-date data from INMET-operated weather stations. The application facilitates the calculation process minimizing the estimation time and contributing to the analysis of the results by the user.

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Impact of global dimming on reference evapotranspiration in Hai River basin, China

Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences ◽

10.5194/piahs-368-287-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 368 ◽

pp. 287-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Zhao ◽

X. Zeng ◽

H. Sun

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Surface Energy Balance ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Sunshine Duration ◽

Global Radiation ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Global Dimming

Abstract. Global radiation can impact the surface energy balance and hydrological cycle. This study analysed changes in global radiation in Hai River basin, China during 1960 to 2012. Global radiation decreased significantly from 1960 to 1989 and increased from 1990 to 2012, which has been described as “from dimming to brightening”. Sunshine duration was used as a proxy index where radiation records were unavailable. Results showed that sunshine duration (for 45 stations) show a significant decreasing trend from 1960 to 2012, which was a little different to global radiation (for 6 stations) during the brightening phase. Penman-Monteith model was used for estimating trends of reference evapotranspiration. The consistency of temporal and spatial variations in sunshine duration and reference evapotranspiration was examined during the periods 1960−1989 and 1990−2012. The results showed that the annual reference evapotranspiration trend was consistent with the sunshine duration trend (both were decreasing for 37 of the 45 stations) during 1960 to 1989, followed by an upward trend (for 26 of the 45 stations) from 1990, while the annual sunshine duration indicated a downward trend (for all 45 stations) during the whole period 1960−2012. Overall, global dimming could be the dominant factor for the decreased reference evapotranspiration from 1960 to 1989, while the increased reference evapotranspiration from 1990 to 2012 could be driven by other meteorological variables, especially global warming.

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Smart Irrigation System Using Internet of Things

International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology ◽

10.48175/ijarsct-1388 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 302-307

Author(s):

Prof. Vanita Babanne ◽

Amol Kajale ◽

Gaurav Menaria ◽

Manish Kamble ◽

Pranav Mundada

Keyword(s):

Data Storage ◽

Water Loss ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Remote Access ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Processing Unit ◽

Sensor Unit ◽

The Right

Irrigation forms one of the mainstays of agriculture and food production. As a result of outdated strategies in developing and developing countries, much water is wasted in this process. In this article, we have established a regulatory model of irrigation management to put a check on this waste of water by providing a good irrigation system for farming. The prototype Smart Automatic Irrigation Controller (SAIC) has two operating units, viz. Wireless Sensor Unit and Wireless Information Processing Unit . The purpose of the sensor unit is to measure climate and soil conditions and to calculate the actual water loss due to evapotranspiration. Processing unit considers this calculation and performs the regulatory action required to control workers by delivering the right amount of water to the farm. A combination of basic rules is included in the decision-making table. The model is initially developed and validated in the process of testing the effectiveness. The results obtained showed the potential to compensate for water loss by almost 100%. The regulator experienced a 27% reduction in water use and a 40% increase in crop yields. The prototype is connected to a cloud server for data storage and remote access to control. The device is efficient, inexpensive, and usable so that end users can use it easily and comfortably. The model is new and unique in the sense that it can plan irrigation for all types of crops, in all climatic conditions of all soil types while feeding the right combination of soil growth stage in the inference engine.

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MÉTODOS DE ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA (ET0) NO MUNICÍPIO DE SANTA TERESA, ES

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2017v22n4p701-714 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 701-714

Author(s):

Andre Dalla Bernardina Garcia ◽

José Carlos Mendonça ◽

Claudio De Almeida Martins

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Espírito Santo ◽

Espirito Santo ◽

E Mail

MÉTODOS DE ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA (ET0) NO MUNICÍPIO DE SANTA TERESA, ES ANDRE DALLA BERNARDINA GARCIA1; JOSÉ CARLOS MENDONÇA2 E CLAUDIO MARTINS DE ALMEIDA3 1Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia ES 080, Km 93, São João de Petrópolis, CEP 29660-000, Santa Teresa, ES, Fone:(27)3259-7878, E-mail:[email protected]ório de Engenharia Agrícola/UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000,P1,sl 209, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Fone (22) 2739-7308, E-mail: [email protected]ório de Engenharia Agrícola/UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000,P1,sl 209, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Fone (22) 2739-7308, E-mail: [email protected] 1 RESUMO Devido aos constantes debates ocorridos sobre a racionalização dos recursos hídricos, a busca de maneiras e boas práticas de utilização da água têm sido cada vez mais difundidas, principalmente na agricultura. Dentre os meios de preservar os recursos hídricos está o manejo de irrigação, por isso é muito importante realizar a estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência (ET0). Neste contexto, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido para o município de Santa Teresa, localizado na meso região Central Espírito-Santense com o objetivo de avaliar e comparar diferentes métodos de estimativa da ET0 com o método de Penman-Monteith FAO56, considerado como padrão de calibração, na ausência de dados lisimétricos. Os métodos utilizados foram os de Hargreaves-Samani, Radiação Solar, Makkink, Jesen-Haise, Linacre e Penman Simplificado. O coeficiente de determinação (R2), índice de concordância de Willmott (D), o erro médio absoluto (MAE), o erro máximo (EMAX), a eficiência do método (EF) e o índice de desempenho (c) foram utilizados para avaliar os indicadores observados. Dentre os métodos avaliados, os que apresentaram melhores resultados foram os de Makkink e Penman Simplificado (R2 = 0,96 e 0,96; D= 0,99 e 0,97; MAE = 0,23 e 0,44; EMAX = 1,36 e 1,07; EF = 0,95 e 0,87 e c = 0,97 e 0,95) respectivamente, seguidos do método de Hargreaves-Samani (R2 = 0,86; D= 0,91; MAE = 0,60; EMAX = 2,16; EF = 0,69 e c = 0,85). Os resultados obtidos com os métodos de Linacre, Radiação Solar e Jensen-Haise foram inferiores e sendo a sua utilização não recomendada para a região de Santa Teresa, ES. Palavras-chave: Agrometeorologia, demanda hídrica, irrigação, Penman-Monteith GARCIA, A. D. B.; MENDONÇA, J. C.; MARTINS, C. A.METHODS FOR ESTIMATING REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET0) FOR THE CITY OF SANTA TERESA, ES 2 ABSTRACT Due to constant discussion about rationalization of water resources, the search for ways and good practices in water use have been increasingly widespread, especially in agriculture. Among the means of preserving water resources is irrigation management, so it is very important to estimate the reference evapotranspiration (ET0). In this context, the present work was developed for the municipality of Santa Teresa, located in Central Espírito-Santo mesoregion with the objective of evaluating and comparing different ET0 estimation methods with Penman-Monteith FAO56 method considered as calibration standard, in the absence of lysimetric data. The methods used were those of Hargreaves-Samani, Solar Radiation, Makkink, Jesen-Haise, Linacre and Penman Simplified. The coefficient of determination (R2), Willmott concordance index (D), mean absolute error (MAE), maximum error (EMAX), method efficiency (EF) and performance index (c) were used for assessing the observed indicators. Among the evaluated methods, the ones with the best results were Makkink and Penman Simplified (R² = 0.96 and 0.96 D = 0.99 and 0.97, MAE = 0.23 and 0.44, EMAX = 1.36 and 1.07, EF = .95 and 0.87 and c = 0.97 and 0.95) respectively, followed by Hargreaves-Samani methods (R² = 0.86, D = 0.91, MAE = 0.60, EMAX = 2.16, EF = 0.69 and c = 0.85). The results obtained with the methods of Linacre, Solar Radiation and Jensen-Haise were lower and their use is not recommended for the region of Santa Teresa, ES. Keywords: Agrometeorology, hydric demand, irrigation, Penman-Montheith

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Temporal variations in reference evapotranspiration in the Tarim River basin, Central Asia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0252840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0252840

Author(s):

Hao Wu ◽

Min Xu ◽

Zhuoyue Peng ◽

Xiaoping Chen

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

River Basin ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Tarim River ◽

Tarim River Basin ◽

The Tarim River ◽

The Mean ◽

The Tarim River Basin

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is important for agricultural production and the hydrological cycle. Knowledge of ET0 can aid the appropriate allocation of irrigation water in arid regions. This study analyzed the trends in ET0 over different timescales in the Tarim River basin (TRB), Central Asia. ET0 was calculated by the Penman-Monteith method using data from 1960–2017 from 30 meteorological stations located in the TRB. The Mann-Kendall (MK) test with trend-free prewhitening and Sen’s slope estimator were applied to detect trends in ET0 variation. The results showed that the mean ET0 decreased at a rate of 0.49 mm·10 a-1 on an annual timescale. The mean ET0 exhibited a decreasing trend in summer and increasing trends in other seasons. The effects of climatic factors on ET0 were assessed by sensitivity analysis and contribution rate analysis. Maximum temperature (Tmax), relative humidity (RH) and wind speed (WS) showed important effects on ET0. However, WS, which decreased, was the key element that induced changes in ET0 in the TRB. This work provides an important baseline for the management of agricultural water resources and scientific planning in agriculture.

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