FORMULASI SEDIAAN GEL PEEL-OFF EKSTRAK BUAH LIMPASU (Baccaurea lanceolate (Miq) Mull.Arg.) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI

Skin is a protective layer of the body as well as an aesthetic factor to protect from exposure foreign substances and sunlight. Some problems that may arise on the skin include premature aging and acne. The use of natural ingredients as cosmetics is increasing, one of which is the limpasu fruit peel-off gel mask. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of limpasu fruit extract. The formulation was made with three concentrations of ethanol extract of limpasu fruit (Baccaurea lanceolate) 4, 6 and 8 grams. The formula was tested on E.coli. The yield of limpasu fruit extract was 30.49 grams or 7.81%. Results of preliminary identification of ethanol extract containing saponins and flavonoids. The results of the antibacterial test formulas 1 to 3 had inhibition zones 12, 53; 7.94 and 9.97 mm with a positive control of tetracycline which had an average inhibition zone of 28.87 mm. The peel-off gel formulation had antibacterial activity because the average inhibition zone was more than 6 mm.

Download Full-text

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MEKAI (Pycnarrhena cauliflora DIELS.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus

Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung ◽

10.51352/jim.v6i2.369 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 246

Author(s):

Yayuk Bulam Sarifati ◽

Sjarif Ismail ◽

Khemasili Kosala

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Measurement ◽

Eye Pain

Mekai leaves (Pycnarrhena cauliflora Diels.) (P. cauliflora). Are known to contain flavonoid compounds, tannins and phenolics that act as antibacterial agents and are used in the treatment of eye pain. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the examples of bacterial diseases of eye pain and also a major cause of many infections in communities and health facilities with cases of resistance to various antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this study was to prove the antibacterial activity of mekai leaves ethanol extract against S. aureus bacteria. This research is an experimental research. The stages of this research began by extracting mekai leaves using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Antibacterial activity was tested by the disc method (Kirby-Bauer) using ethanol extract concentrations of mekai leaves (EPC) 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, positive control using 25 μg amoxicillin and negative control using DMSO 10%. The measurement results of inhibition zones of mekai leaf ethanol extract 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% respectively were 8.32 mm, 8.32 mm, 8.32 mm, 8.67 mm, 9.00 mm, 8.67 mm, and 8.33 mm. While the positive control measurement of 25 μg amoxicillin against S. aureus is 28.67 mm and the measurement of 10% negative DMSO control does not produce inhibitory zones, so it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of mekai leaves has antibacterial activity, but the area of inhibition zone produced is smaller than amoxicillin 25 µg. The results of statistical tests using Mann Whitney between negative controls with all EPC concentrations obtained significant differences with p values <0.05, it can be concluded that there is antibacterial activity produced at all EPC concentrations.

Download Full-text

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Propionibacterium acne

Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia ◽

10.36387/jifi.v3i2.584 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 261-270

Author(s):

Eka Kumalasari ◽

◽

aina aina ◽

noverda ayu checaria ◽

noor aisyah

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Antibacterial Compounds ◽

Propionibacterium Acne ◽

Facial Changes

Acne that appears can cause facial changes, in the form of swelling, redness, purulence and causing pain so that it will create an impression that is less attractive in appearance and affects one's beauty. One of the causes of acne is Propionibacterium acne. Dayak onion leaves are one of the plant that contain antibacterial compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of onion leaves on the growth of Propionibacterium acne.The antibacterial activity of this plant needs to be reviewed through with extract group with various concentrations, positive control group (clindamycin 0.1%) and negative control group (Aquadest). The results showed that the ethanol extract of dayak onion leaves had antibacterial activity against the growth of Propionibacterium acne. The diameter of the inhibition zone formed at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% respectively 7.25 mm (medium), 10.43 mm (strong), 15.23 mm (strong), 18, 55 mm (strong) and 22.20 mm (very strong).

Download Full-text

Antibacterial Activity of Cold Powder Preparation of (Ethanol Extract) Starfruit Leaf (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) Against Propionibacterium acnes

JURNAL PEMBELAJARAN DAN BIOLOGI NUKLEUS ◽

10.36987/jpbn.v6i2.1677 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 120-128

Author(s):

Helen Anjelina Simanjuntak ◽

Kasta Gurning ◽

Verawati Br. Sinaga

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Research Method ◽

Propionibacterium Acnes ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Powder Preparation

Acne is a skin disease that occurs due to chronic trade that is triggered by the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes. Starfruit leaf (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) as a traditional medicinal plant which has antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity from ethanol extract in the preparations cold powder of starfruit leaf (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) againts Propionibacterium acnes. The research method was carried out experimentally, and testing for antibacterial activity was carried out using agar diffusion methods. Cold powder formulation such as F1 (5%), F2 (10%), F3 (15%), F4 (20%), positive control with clindamycin, negative control with distilled water. The results showed that the F3 (15%) and F4 (20%) formulations were more effective in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria with inhibition zone diameters of 13.66 mm and 15.16 mm in the strong category

Download Full-text

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PERIA LAUT (Colubrina Asiatica L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS DAN ESCHERICHIA COLI

Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi & Herbal ◽

10.36656/jpfh.v2i1.201 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

Firdaus Fahdi ◽

Harwitavia Harwitavia ◽

Herviani Sari

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Antibiotic Drugs ◽

Escherichia Coli Bacteria

The discovery of new antibiotic drugs is getting more and more reactive. The plant of the peria laut leaf is one of the drugs that is often used as a traditional medicine and contains bioactive compounds of polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins, which can inhibit antibacterial growth. Purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of peria laut leaves (Colubrina asiatica L.) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Method the experimental, of the sample used was concentrated marine peria laut leaf extract of 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 75mg/ml, 100mg/ml, 200mg/ml, 300mg/ml, 400mg/ml, and 500mg/ml, positive control of amoxicillin tablet 500 mg, negative control of dimethylsulfoxide with the method of disc diffusion testing using media Nutrient Agar. Results the showed thet the peria laut leaf extract positively contained bioactive alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins, and had inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Escgerichia coli bacteria with various concentrations which had been tested on the average area of the highest inhibition zone of 18,6 mm in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, and 10,2 mm in Escherichia coli bacteria. Conclusion peria laut leaf extract (Colubrina asiatica L.) has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria in the most inhibitory zone at a concentration of 500mg/ml with a diameter of 18,6 in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and 10,2 in Escherichia coli.

Download Full-text

Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Widuri Terhadap Escherichia Coli Dan Staphylococcus Aureus

Jurnal Farmasi Tinctura ◽

10.35316/tinctura.v2i1.1539 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Siti Zamilatul Azkiyah

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

The Body ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

Antibiotics have a very important role in fighting bacterial infections in the body. However, the results given so far have not been optimal in overcoming the problem of bacterial infection. An alternative solution is to develop and study plants that have medicinal potential, for example thistle leaves (Calotrophis gigantean). The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of thistle leaf extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This research is a laboratory-scale experimental research that is to test the activity of thistle leaf extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus including sample identification, extraction, activity testing by observing the inhibition zone of the two tested bacteria. Based on the results of the study stated that the ethanol extract of 70% Widuri leaves (Calotrophis gigantea) had antibacterial activity and could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The active compounds that are thought to have antibacterial properties in the ethanol extract of Widuri leaves (Calotrophis gigantea) are flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids. Keywords: Widuri leaves, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Antibacterial ABSTRAK Pentingnya penanggulangan infeksi bakteri menggunakan antibiotik adalah hal yang lazim dalam terapi farmakologi. Dampak dari pemberian antibiotik masih belum maksimal dalam penanggulangannya terhadap infeksi bakteri. Pemilihan alternatif bahan alam dengan kandungan kimia yang memiliki potensi sebagai antibiotik dapat menjadi pilihan lain dalam mengurangi penggunaan antibiotik sintetik, misalnya tanaman widuri (Calotrophis gigantean). Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun widuri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Desain penelitian meliputi identifikasi sampel, ekstraksi, hingga uji aktivitas dengan mengamati zona hambat dari kedua bakteri uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% daun Widuri memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Senyawa aktif yang diduga bersifat antibakteri pada ekstrak etanol daun Widuri adalah senyawa golongan flavonoid, alkaloid dan terpenoid. Kata Kunci: Daun Widuri, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Antibakteri

Download Full-text

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KECOMBRANG Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm TERHADAP Salmonella typhi

Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung ◽

10.51352/jim.v1i1.4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Eko Kusumawati ◽

Risa Supriningrum ◽

Reza Rozadi

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Test Results ◽

Measurement Results ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Research Test Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extracts of Leaves kecombrang against Salmonella typhi aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of leaves kecombrang against Salmonella typhi. The extract used is kecombrang leaf extract prepared by maceration using ethanol 95%, extracts obtained test chemical classes of compounds to determine the content of the active compound. Antibacterial activity test conducted at five concentrations of the extract is 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Inhibition zone measurement results are then analyzed using One Way ANOVA with SPSS 20 to determine whether there is a difference at each concentration. The results showed kecombrang leaf ethanol extract 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% produce inhibition zone diameter 3.9 mm; 6.5 mm; 6.75 mm; 7:45 mm; and 9:28 mm, 0 mm for the negative control and positive control 32.61 mm. The test results show the class of secondary metabolites kecombrang leaf ethanol extract contains tannin, saponin, and flavonoids. Of statistical tests concluded there were significant differences of treatment results in inhibition of the respective concentrations of ethanol extracts of leaves kecombrang

Download Full-text

Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak dan Fraksi dari Ekstrak Metanol Daun Manggis (Garcinia mangostana) pada Bakteri Penyebab Ulkus Diabetik

Jurnal Surya Medika ◽

10.33084/jsm.v7i1.2203 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

Vivi Rosalina ◽

R Mahendra

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

The Body ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

Diabetic Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Ulcers ◽

Concentration Series

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease due to metabolic disorders with acute to chronic hyperglycemic conditions. The complication of this disease is peripheral neuropathy exacerbated by bacterial infection, causing ulcers (sores) on the feet, hands, knees, back, and other parts of the body. The mangosteen plant (Garcinia mangostana) is empirically believed to have antidiabetic and cure diabetic ulcers. This study aims to compare the antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions of methanol extract of mangosteen leaves at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% against the bacteria causing diabetic ulcers in vitro. The research began with the maceration of mangosteen leaf powder extraction using methanol as a solvent. The fractions were obtained by the vacuum liquid chromatography (KCV) method. The bacteria that cause diabetic ulcers are obtained from ulcer specimens of diabetic ulcer patients. Antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions at 5 concentration series was tested using the disc diffusion method with 10% DMSO negative control and positive controls, namely Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Gentamycin, Erythromycin, and Doxycycline. Antibacterial activity was expressed by the large area of the inhibition zone on the media inoculated with ulcer bacteria and incubated for 24 hours at 370 C. The results showed that there were 5 dominant bacteria found in the diabetic ulcer specimens, namely Escherichia spp, Klebsiella spp, Staphylococcus spp, salmonella spp, and Shigella spp. The results of the antibacterial sensitivity test showed that ciprofloxacin had the largest area of inhibition zone compared to Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Gentamycin, Erythromycin, and Doxycycline so that Ciprofloxacin could be used as a positive control. The results of the antibacterial activity test for the methanol extract of mangosteen leaves with a concentration of 100% produced the largest inhibition zone, namely 27.10 mm ± 0.1 compared to methanol extract, fractions A, B, and C in all concentration series. However, the inhibition zone of the 100% concentration of mangosteen leaves methanol extract was smaller than the positive control of ciprofloxacin 5 μg / disk, which was 35.01 mm ± 0.1.

Download Full-text

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PERIA LAUT (Colubrina Asiatica L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS DAN ESCHERICHIA COLI

Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi & Herbal ◽

10.36656/jpfh.v2i1.77 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Firdaus Fahdi ◽

Harwitavia Harwitavia ◽

Herviani Sari

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Antibiotic Drugs ◽

Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Download Full-text

Formulation of Mouthwash Preparations Ethanol Extract of Coffee Beans Roasted Robusta (Coffea canephora) and Effectiveness Test on Bacteria Streptococcus mutans

Journal of Nutraceuticals and Herbal Medicine ◽

10.23917/jnhm.v4i1.15670 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 53-65

Author(s):

Syaifur Rahman ◽

Reni Ariastuti ◽

Ahwan Ahwan

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Coffee Bean ◽

Robusta Coffee ◽

The Stability

Dental caries can be caused by Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Robusta coffee bean extract has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Compounds that have antibacterial activity are chlorogenic acid (CGA), caffeine, caffeic acid and trigonelline. Robusta coffee bean extract has the potential to be formulated into mouthwash. This study aims to make a mouthwash formula with the active ingredient of roasted Robusta coffee extract and then evaluate the preparation and test its effectiveness against S. mutans bacteria. Mouthwash preparations were made in 3 formulas with different glycerin concentrations, namely 5%, 10%, and 15%. The stability test of the preparation used the treatment before and after the forced condition. Bacterial inhibition test using agar diffusion method with the positive control, namely commercial mouthwash Chlorhexidine and negative control mouthwash formula without extract content. Data analysis used the Kruskal-Wallis test to determine the differences in each treatment, and the Mann-Whitney test to see which treatment groups were significantly different. The results of the evaluation of the stability of the preparation showed that the three formulations of the mouthwash of roasted Robusta coffee bean extract had organoleptic stability, pH, and viscosity. The results of the inhibitory effectiveness test showed that the mouthwash formulation of formula 1 produced an inhibition zone of 1.6 mm, formula 2 of 2.1 mm, formula 3 of 2.4 mm, positive control of 6.8 mm, and negative control did not produce obstacles zone. It can be concluded that the three mouthwash formulas have antibacterial activity in the weak category (5 mm). The concentration of glycerin in the formula had no significant effect on the stability of the preparation and the antibacterial effectiveness of S. mutans. The results of the inhibitory effectiveness test showed that the mouthwash formulation of formula 1 produced an inhibition zone of 1.6 mm, formula 2 of 2.1 mm, formula 3 of 2.4 mm, positive control of 6.8 mm, and negative control did not produce obstacles zone. It can be concluded that the three mouthwash formulas have antibacterial activity in the weak category (5 mm). The concentration of glycerin in the formula had no significant effect on the stability of the preparation and the antibacterial effectiveness of S. mutans. The results of the inhibitory effectiveness test showed that the mouthwash formulation of formula 1 produced an inhibition zone of 1.6 mm, formula 2 of 2.1 mm, formula 3 of 2.4 mm, positive control of 6.8 mm, and negative control did not produce obstacles zone. It can be concluded that the three mouthwash formulas have antibacterial activity in the weak category (5 mm). The concentration of glycerin in the formula had no significant effect on the stability of the preparation and the antibacterial effectiveness of S. mutans.

Download Full-text

EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI LABU KUNING (CUCURBITA MOSCHATA DUCHESNE) SEBAGAI ANTELMINTIK PADA CACING GELANG (ASCARIDIA GALLI)

Sel Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan ◽

10.22435/sel.v7i1.2341 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 11-18

Author(s):

Noni Zakiah ◽

Vonna Aulianshah ◽

T. Maulana Hidayatullah ◽

Faridah Hanum

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Cucurbita Moschata ◽

Ascaridia Galli ◽

Group I ◽

Pumpkin Seeds

Kegunaan labu kuning di Indonesia masih sebatas daging buah yang dapat diolah menjadi panganan seperti kue basah, kolak dan sayur berkuah. Secara empiris, biji labu kuning telah digunakan untuk mengatasi cacingan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui mortalitas cacing gelang (Ascaridia galli) dalam ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne). Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor Ascaridia galli yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, kelompok I kontrol negatif menggunakan larutan NaCl fisiologis, kelompok II kontrol positif menggunakan larutan pirantel pamoat 0,5 %, kelompok III, IV dan V berturut-turut menggunakan 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml dan 100 mg/ml ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning. Parameter penelitian ini ditentukan dengan melihat persentase nilai skor pasca inkubasi 12 jam, 24 jam, dan 36 jam. Skor 3 diberikan apabila seluruh tubuh Ascaridia galli bergerak, skor 2 diberikan jika hanya sebagian tubuh Ascaridia galli bergerak, skor 1 jika Ascaridia galli diam tetapi masih hidup, dan skor 0 apabila Ascaridia galli mati. Hasil uji in vitro dengan perlakuan 25 mg/ml ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning menyebabkan kematian 3 ekor Ascaridia galli atau 60% pasca inkubasi 36 jam, sedangkan ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning dengan perlakuan 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml dan kelompok kontrol positif mengakibatkan kematian 4 ekor Ascaridia galli atau 80% pasca inkubasi 36 jam. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) dosis 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, dan 100 mg/ml secara in vitro dalam waktu 36 jam mampu mengakibatkan mortalitas Ascaridia galli. The use of yellow pumpkin in Indonesia is still limited to fruit meat that can be processed into snacks such as soggy cakes, porridge and vegetable soup. This research was conducted to determine the mortality of Ascaridia galli in ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne). This study used 25 Ascaridia galli which were divided into 5 groups, group I was negative control using physiological NaCl solution, group II was positive control using 0.5% pirantel pamoate solution, group III, IV and V respectively used 25 mg / ml, 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin seeds. The parameters of this study were determined by looking at the percentage of post-incubation scores 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours. A score of 3 is given if the whole body of Ascaridia galli moves, a score of 2 is given if only part of the body of Ascaridia galli moves, a score of 1 if Ascaridia galli is still but still alive, and a score of 0 if Ascaridia galli dies. In vitro test results with 25 mg/ml ethanol extract of pumpkin seeds caused 3 deaths of Ascaridia galli or 60% after incubation for 36 hours, while ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin seeds treated with 50 mg / ml, 100 mg/ml and positive control group resulting in the death of 4 Ascaridia galli or 80% after 36 hours incubation. From the results of the study concluded that the ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) doses of 25 mg / ml, 50 mg / ml, and 100 mg / ml in vitro within 36 hours can lead to Ascaridia galli mortality.

Download Full-text