Microbiological Assessment of Gram Negative Bacterial Isolates from Ear, Eye, Nose and Throat among Patients Attending Aresho Advanced Medical Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among the newborns in the developing world. Objectives To determine the common bacterial isolates causing sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Methods A one year discriptive prospective study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit to analyse the results of blood culture and to look into the sensitivity of the commonly used antibiotics. Results The blood culture yield by conventional method was 44.13% with nosocomial sepsis accounting for 10.79%. 84.08% were culture proven early onset sepsis and 15.95% were late onset sepsis. Klebsiella infection was the commonest organism isolated in early, late and nosocomial sepsis but statistically not significant. Gram positive organisms were 39.36% in which Staphylococcus aureus was the leading microorganism followed by coagulase negative staphylococcus areus. Gram negative organisms were 60.64% amongst them Klebsiella was the most often encountered followed by Pseudomonas. The most common organism Klebsiella was 87.5% and 78.3% resistance to ampicillin and gentamycin respectively. Among gram negative isolates 87.5% and 77.2% were resistance to ampicillin and gentamycin respectively. Among gram positive isolates 58.5% and 31.5% resistance were noted to ampicillin and gentamycin respectively. Resistance to cefotaxim to gram negative and gram positive isolates were 87.34% and 59.35% respectively. Conclusion Klebsiella is most common organism which is almost resistance to first line antibiotics. Resistance to both gram negative and gram positive isolates among firstline antibiotics and even with cefotaxim is emerging and is a major concern in neonatal intensive care unit. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i1.11030 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(1) 2013: 66-70

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Bacterial Isolates from Tracheal Aspirates and their Anti-microbial Susceptibility in Mechanically-Ventilated Children with Pneumonia Admitted to an Urban Critical Care Ward

Bangladesh Critical Care Journal ◽

10.3329/bccj.v2i2.24081 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 60-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

KM Shahunja ◽

Mohammed Abdus Salam ◽

Tahmeed Ahmed ◽

Pradip Kumar Bardhan ◽

Shafiqul Alam Sarker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Tracheal Aspirate ◽

Diarrhoeal Disease ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Mechanically Ventilated ◽

Tracheal Aspirates

Background and Aims: Data on Bacterial isolates from tracheal aspirates in children with severe pneumonia requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation especially in developing countries are very limited. We examined the microbial spectrum of bacteria isolated from tracheal aspirate of those children. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of those bacteria were also examined.Methods: We evaluated the data of all mechanically ventilated children aged 0-59 months admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Dhaka Hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) between August 2009 and July 2013 having their tracheal aspirate culture done. Data were extracted from electronic medical records of the Dhaka Hospital.Results: Among 836 admitted pneumonia children in the ICU, we identified 35 children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Among them 34 (97%) had positive bacterial growths: Klebseilla species in 14 (40%), Escherichia coli in 11 (31%), Acinetobacter in 8 (23%) and Streptococcus species in 8 (23%). Additionally, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudominas and Proteus species were identified in 6 (17%), 4 (11%), and 2 (6%) of the children respectively. The susceptibility of the gram-negatives, except Klebseilla, to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone ranged from 0- 54%, while that for ceftazidime and amikacin ranged from 12-80%. The sensitivity of Klebseilla to these antibiotics ranged from 0-100%.Conclusions: Our data suggests that gram-negative bacteria, Klebseilla followed by Escherichia coli, and Acenetobacter are the predominant bacteria associated with severe pneumonia in ventilated children. The increased number of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria is being accompanied by rising rates of multi-drug resistance which underscores the importance of aggressive antimicrobial therapy in the management of such children.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2014; 2 (2): 60-64

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Comparison of the Superpolymyxin and ChromID Colistin R Screening Media for the Detection of Colistin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Spiked Rectal Swabs

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01618-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Delphine Girlich ◽

Thierry Naas ◽

Laurent Dortet

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Enterobacter Cloacae ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Colistin Resistance ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Content Type ◽

Rectal Swabs ◽

Stool Samples

ABSTRACT The dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) has led to the increased use of colistin, which has resulted in the emergence of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae worldwide. One of the most threatening scenarios is the dissemination of colistin resistance in CPE, particularly the plasmid-encoded resistance element MCR. Thus, it has now become mandatory to possess reliable media to screen for colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacterial isolates, especially Enterobacteriaceae. In this study, we evaluated the performances of the Superpolymyxin medium (ELITechGroup) and the ChromID Colistin R medium (bioMérieux) to screen for colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from spiked rectal swabs. Stool samples were spiked with a total of 94 enterobacterial isolates (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, Enterobacter cloacae), including 53 colistin-resistant isolates. ESwabs (Copan Diagnostics) were then inoculated with those spiked fecal suspensions, and culture proceeded as recommended by both manufacturers. The sensitivity of detection of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was 86.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 74.0% to 94.0%) using both the Superpolymyxin medium and the ChromID Colistin R plates. Surprisingly, the isolates that were not detected were not the same for both media. The specificities were high for both media, at 97.9% (95% CI = 87.3% to 99.9%) for the Superpolymyxin medium and 100% (95% CI = 90.4% to 100%) for the ChromID Colistin R medium. Both commercially available media, ChromID Colistin R and Superpolymyxin, provide useful tools to screen for colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from patient samples (rectal swabs) regardless of the level and mechanism of colistin resistance.

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PREVALENCE OF CEPHALOSPORIN-RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s2.13456 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 176

Author(s):

Kavi Aniis ◽

Rajamanikandan Kcp ◽

Arvind Prasanth D

Keyword(s):

Clinical Samples ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Beta Lactamases ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Lactam Ring ◽

Esbl Producers

ABSTRACT Objective: Beta-lactams are the group of antibiotics that contain a ring called as “beta-lactam ring,” which is responsible for the antibacterial activity. The presence of resistance among Gram-negative organisms is due to the production of beta-lactamases enzymes that hydrolysis the beta-lactam ring thereby conferring resistance to the organism. This study is undertaken to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Gram-negative organism from clinical samples. Methods: A total of 112 clinical samples were taken for this study. The combined disc synergistic test (CDST) was used for the phenotypic detection of ESBL producers from the clinical samples. The genotypic identification of ESBL producers was carried out by alkaline lysis method by isolation of plasmid DNA. Result: A total of 87 bacterial isolates were isolated and identified. Among them, Klebsiella (41%) was the predominant organism followed by Escherichia coli (33%), Proteus (10%), Pseudomonas (10%), and Serratia (6%). Among the various bacterial isolates, Klebsiella showed a higher percentage of resistance. The CDST showed that 8 isolates of Klebsiella, 3 isolates of E. coli, and 1 isolate of Pseudomonas were found to be ESBL producers. The genotypic confirmation showed that the two bacterial isolates, namely, Klebsiella and E. coli were found to possess temoniera (TEM) gene which was the 400-500 bp conferring resistance to the antibiotics. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that early detection of ESBL producing Gram-negative organism is a very important step in planning the therapy of patient in Hospitals. CDST continues to be a good indicator in the detection of ESBL producers. Keywords: Beta-lactamases, Gram-negative bacilli, Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Resistance, Combined disc synergistic test.

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Detection of Extended Spectrum β Lactamase and Amp C β Lactamase Resistance in the Gram Negative Bacterial Isolates of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.132 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (02) ◽

pp. 1139-1145

Author(s):

David Agatha ◽

B. Subitha

Keyword(s):

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Extended Spectrum

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Comparative study on lesions of reproductive disorders of cows and female dromedary camels slaughtered at Addis Ababa, Adama and Akaki abbatoirs with bacterial isolation and characterization

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35515/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aynalem Mandefro ◽

Tilaye Demissie Ayana ◽

Gemechu Chala Hunderra ◽

Tadesse Gidey Gebrezihar ◽

Bulto Giro Boru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Normal Structure ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Dromedary Camels ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Pathological Lesions ◽

Isolation And Characterization

Abstract Background: Reproduction is a basic prerequisite to efficient livestock production. Reproductive performance depends upon the normal structure and function of genital organs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to May 2017 to identify and compare the frequency of pathological lesions in the reproductive tract and to isolate bacteria associated to uterine lesions in female dromedary camels and cows slaughtered at Akaki camel slaughter house and Addis Ababa and Adama municipal abattoirs. Abattoirs were visited once per week for 28 weeks during which three to seven animals on average were slaughtered per day. A purposive sampling technique was employed to examine reproductive tracts of all slaughtered animals (280; 140 cows and 140 camels). Following gross inspection at abattoirs, tissue samples with lesion were collected for histopathological and bacteriological investigation. Result: Various pathological lesions with different degrees of severity were observed in 48 (34.2%) and 51 (36.4%) of dromedary camels and cows, respectively. Uterine lesions were the most prevalent 21.4% lesions observed in dromedary camels followed by ovarian lesions 7.14%; while in cows, ovarian lesions were the major prevalent 16.4% lesions followed by uterine lesion 14.2%. The result showed that there were 56 bacteria isolated from cows uterine lesion with Staphylococcus species 28.5%, Streptococci species 19.6%, Coynebacterium species 8.9%, Escherichia coli 26.78%, Salmonella species 10.7% and Klebsiella species 5.35% being the prominent isolates; while in camels, there were 45 bacteria isolated with Escherichia coli 35.5%, Staphylococcus species 26.6%, Streptococcus species 13.3%, Pseudomonas species 6.6 %, Proteus species 4.4%, Salmonella species 8.8% and Klebsiella species 4.4% being the most frequently isolated. The result showed that the major isolates were similar with slightly higher in cows. Histopathologically, endometrial glands degeneration, sloughing of epithelium, peri-glandular cuffing and infiltrations of inflammatory cell were some of characteristic changes observed in uterus. Conclusions: Pathological lesions in reproductive organs in female dromedary camels and cows showed great prevalence, with similarity in bacterial isolates between the two species. The role of each reproductive lesions and bacterial isolates incriminated as causes of reproductive failures in this livestock species needs further investigation.

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Characterisation of Plasmids in Multidrug Resistant Uropathogenic Gram-negative Bacterial Isolates

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/48356.14950 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Manish Ranjan ◽

Mahadevan Kumar ◽

Sourav Sen ◽

Parijat Das ◽

Kunal Kanti Lahiri

Keyword(s):

Acquired Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Hospital Stays ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Almost All ◽

Prolonged Hospital

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are one of the commonest conditions for which people seek medical care with an estimated 150 million episodes per annum worldwide. An unprecedented upsurge in the rate of development of antimicrobial resistance has reduced the therapeutic options leading to increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, development of complications. Majority of these infections are attributable to Gram negative bacteria which have now acquired resistance to almost all classes of antibiotics. Aim: To analyse the plasmid-mediated drug resistance and characterise the major plasmid families that are in circulation. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising of a total of 95 non consecutive multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial isolates were subjected to Plasmid based replicon typing from January 2017 to June 2018. The 18 major replicons were divided in five multiplex and three uniplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) formats and the samples were subjected for plasmid characterisation and further sequencing of the plasmid Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). The data obtained was analysed by Microsoft Excel software. Results: Escherichia coli, accounted for maximum n=51 (53.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae n=19 (20%), Citrobacter sp n=11 (11.6%), miscellaneous gram negative n=14 (14.7%) The isolates exhibited a high degree of resistance to almost all tested antibiotics, sparing a few like Fosfomycin, Chloramphenicol, Imipenem, Amikacin. A total of 154 different plasmid families were detected from the 95 isolates. FIB replicon (24%), FIA (21%), F, W (20%), FIC, B/O (14%), Y (12%), I1 replicon (10.5%) were the major plasmid families detected in the present study. Conclusion: Many isolates exhibited the presence of more than one Incompatibility (Inc.) group plasmids, conferring multidrug resistance to the isolates. The study highlights the need for further research to study the association between plasmid families and their respective antibiotic resistance profiles for a given geographical niche and the need to devise further methods to target these epidemic plasmids.

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Isolation and Characterization of Pb Resistant Bacteria from Cilalay Lake, Indonesia

Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.13170/aijst.4.3.3016 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Kesi Kurnia ◽

Nina Hermayani Sadi ◽

Syafitri Jumianto

Keyword(s):

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Water Environment ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Agar Media ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Standard Disk

Pollution of water environment with heavy metals is becoming one of the most severe environmental and human health hazards. Lead (Pb) is a major pollutant and highly toxic to human, animals, plants, and microbes. Toxic metals are difficult to remove from the environment, since they cannot be chemically or biologically degraded and are ultimately indestructible. Biological approaches based on metal-resistant microorganisms have received a great deal of attention as alternative remediation processes. This study aim to isolate and characterize Pb resistant of heterotrophic bacteria in Cilalay Lake, West Java, Indonesia. The water samples were collected along three points around Cilalay Lake. Water physical and chemical determination was performed using the Water Quality Checker. The bacterial isolates were screened on Triptone Glucose Yeast (TGY) agar plates. Afterwards selected isolates were grown on Nutrient Agar media 50% with supplemented Pb 100 ppm by the standard disk. Population of resistant bacteria was counted. The result from metal resistant bacteria indicated that all isolates were resistant. The most abundant type of resistant bacteria to lead was Gram negative more than Gram positive. Identified have metal resistant bacteria could be useful for the bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated sewage and waste water

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Microbiological Screening and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profiling of Wound Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences ◽

10.34104/ejmhs.020.01010106 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 101-106

Keyword(s):

Wound Infection ◽

Primary Care Physicians ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity

Wound infection is a major problem in hospitals in developing countries. Wound infection causes morbidity and prolonged hospital stay thus this prospective study was conducted for a period of seven months (January 2019 to July 2019). A total of 217 specimens (wound swabs and pus exudates) from wound infected patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh. A retrospective study of the microbiological evaluation was done by cultural growth as well as Gram staining and biochemical examination to identify the bacterial isolates. Finally, the antimicrobial vulnerability testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion conventional method. A total of 295 samples were tested. Out of which 217 (73.5%) were found culture positive. E. coli was the most predominant gram-negative isolates whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most commonly isolated gram-positive organisms. Antimicrobial sensitivity profile of bacterial isolates revealed imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, and nitrofurantoin to be the most effective antimicrobials against gram-negative isolates, whereas imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, nitrofurantoin, amoxiclav, and gentamicin were the most effective drugs against gram-positive isolates. The result of this examination contributes to the identification of basic causative microbes involved in wound infection and findings of antibiotic susceptibility patterns can be helpful for primary care physicians to optimize the treatment modalities, articulate policies for empiric antimicrobial therapy, and to minimize the rate of infection among wound infected patients.

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