scholarly journals Socialization of UMKM Merchandise Inventory Management During the Covid 19 Pandemic in Desa Suka Makmur

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-275
Author(s):  
Harkim Simamora ◽  
Rejekia Vaizal Simanungkalit ◽  
Maya Andriani ◽  
Bambang Sugiharto
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Service Activity

The Covid pandemic has had many impacts on people's lives, one of which is the economy. The spread of the virus that requires human activities to be carried out by social distancing (maintaining social distance) and even implementing lockdown measures that have an impact on slowing economic activity (demand and supply). UMKM are one of the sectors affected by this pandemic where there is not only a decline in income, but another impact that is felt by business actors is inventory that accumulates. The implementation of this service activity has provided an understanding to UMKM actors about the importance of inventory management for UMKMs and increased the participants' ability to manage UMKM finances so that they can survive during this pandemic.

scholarly journals Beyond the Pandemic: COVID-19 Pandemic Changed the Face of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5645
Author(s):  
Shaden A. M. Khalifa ◽  
Mahmoud M. Swilam ◽  
Aida A. Abd El-Wahed ◽  
Ming Du ◽  
Haged H. R. El-Seedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Impacts

The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious challenge for societies around the globe as entire populations have fallen victim to the infectious spread and have taken up social distancing. In many countries, people have had to self-isolate and to be confined to their homes for several weeks to months to prevent the spread of the virus. Social distancing measures have had both negative and positive impacts on various aspects of economies, lifestyles, education, transportation, food supply, health, social life, and mental wellbeing. On other hands, due to reduced population movements and the decline in human activities, gas emissions decreased and the ozone layer improved; this had a positive impact on Earth’s weather and environment. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic has negative effects on human activities and positive impacts on nature. This study discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on different life aspects including the economy, social life, health, education, and the environment.

scholarly journals Examining the interplay between face mask usage, asymptomatic transmission, and social distancing on the spread of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Catching ◽  
Sara Capponi ◽  
Ming Te Yeh ◽  
Simone Bianco ◽  
Raul Andino
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
The Face ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
High Virus

AbstractCOVID-19’s high virus transmission rates have caused a pandemic that is exacerbated by the high rates of asymptomatic and presymptomatic infections. These factors suggest that face masks and social distance could be paramount in containing the pandemic. We examined the efficacy of each measure and the combination of both measures using an agent-based model within a closed space that approximated real-life interactions. By explicitly considering different fractions of asymptomatic individuals, as well as a realistic hypothesis of face masks protection during inhaling and exhaling, our simulations demonstrate that a synergistic use of face masks and social distancing is the most effective intervention to curb the infection spread. To control the pandemic, our models suggest that high adherence to social distance is necessary to curb the spread of the disease, and that wearing face masks provides optimal protection even if only a small portion of the population comply with social distance. Finally, the face mask effectiveness in curbing the viral spread is not reduced if a large fraction of population is asymptomatic. Our findings have important implications for policies that dictate the reopening of social gatherings.

scholarly journals Social Distancing and COVID-19: Factors Associated With Compliance With Social Distancing Norms in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estrella Gualda ◽  
Andre Krouwel ◽  
Marisol Palacios-Gálvez ◽  
Elena Morales-Marente ◽  
Iván Rodríguez-Pascual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Factors Associated

This article describes patterns of compliance with social distancing measures among the Spanish population during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It identifies several factors associated with higher or lower compliance with recommended measures of social distancing. This research is part of a 67-country study, titled the International COVID-19 study on Social & Moral Psychology, in which we use a Spanish dataset. Participants were residents in Spain aged 18 or above. The sample comprises 1,090 respondents, weighted to be representative of the Spanish population. Frequencies, correlations, bivariate analysis, and six models based on hierarchical multiple regressions were applied. The main finding is that most Spaniards are compliant with established guidelines of social distance during the pandemic (State of Alarm, before May 2020). Variables associated more with lower levels of compliance with these standards were explored. Six hierarchical multiple regression models found that compliance with social distance measures has a multifactorial explanation (R2 between 20.4 and 49.1%). Sociodemographic factors, personal hygiene patterns, and the interaction between personal hygiene patterns and the support for political measures related to the coronavirus brought significant effects on the regression models. Less compliance was also associated with beliefs in some specific conspiracy theories with regard to COVID-19 or general conspiracy mentality (Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire, CMQ), consumption patterns of traditional mass media (television, paper newspapers, magazines, and radio) and modern means to get informed (online digital newspapers, blogs, and social networks), political ideology, vote, trust in institutions, and political identification. Among the future lines of action in preventing the possible outbreak of the virus, we suggest measures to reinforce trust in official information, mainly linked to reducing the influence of disinformation and conspiracy theories parallel to the pandemic.

scholarly journals The price of the lockdown: The effects of social distancing on the Indian economy and business during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Hasnan Baber ◽  
Rao Tripati
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
The Impact

The decision on immediate lockdown in India put economic, social and religious activities to a grinding halt. The paper examines the impact of the lockdown and social distancing policies on economic activities in India, using a multivariate econometric model for the data collected in the period from 1st January to 31st August 2020. While the social distancing policy is captured in terms of internal movement, domestic travel and international travel restrictions, its effect on the economic activity and the business activity is captured through stock prices, purchasing managers' index and the exchange rate. Confirmed COVID-19 cases and related deaths are also used as the independent variables. The results reveal a significant negative impact of social distancing policies on the economic activity and the business activity, the stock market and the exchange rate. Furthermore, the economic stimulus provided by the Government could not bring a positive influence on the stock market.

scholarly journals Lessons on the Economics of Pandemics from Recent Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sewon Hur ◽  
Michael Jenuwine
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Studies

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a dual public health and economic crisis. Many economic studies in the past few months have explored the relationship between the spread of disease and economic activity, the role for government intervention in the crisis, and the effectiveness of testing and containment policies. This Commentary summarizes the methods and findings of a number of these studies. The economic research conducted to date shows that adequate testing and selective containment measures can be effective in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic, and in the absence of adequate testing capabilities, optimal interventions involve social distancing and other lockdown measures.

scholarly journals Effects of Inventory Management on The Performance of State Corporations in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Kwambai Mercy Jelagat ◽  
Dr. Samson Nyang’au Paul
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Technology Integration ◽  
Inventory Control ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
P Value ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of inventory management on the performance of state corporations in Kenya with an aim of making recommendations.Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design. The researcher preferred this method because it allows an in-depth study of the subject. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. The study employed stratified random sampling technique in coming up with a sample size. Pilot study was carried out to establish the validity and reliability of the research instruments. The instruments were designed appropriately according to the study objectives. The data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. The study used multiple regression and correlation analysis to show the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables. The data generated was keyed in and analyzed by use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 to generate information which was presented using charts, frequencies and percentagesResults and conclusion: The regression equation above has established that taking all factors into account (inventory categorization, inventory control techniques, information technology integration and demand and supply forecasting) constant at zero, performance of state corporations in Kenya will be an index of 0.817.The findings presented also shows that taking all other independent variables at zero, a unit increase in inventory categorization will lead to a 0.537 increase in performance of state corporations in Kenya. The P-value was 0.000 which is less 0.05 and thus the relationship was significant. The study also found that a unit increase in inventory control techniques will lead to a 0.097 increase in performance of state corporations in Kenya. The P-value was 0.002 and thus the relationship was significant. In addition, the study found that a unit increase in information technology integration will lead to a 0.067 increase in the performance of state corporations in Kenya. The P-value was 0.000 and thus the relationship was significant. Lastly, the study found that a unit increase in demand and supply forecasting will lead to a 0.08 increase in the performance of state corporations in Kenya. The P-value was 0.001 and hence the relationship was significant since the p-value was lower than 0.05. The findings of the study show that, inventory categorization contributed most to the performance of state corporations in Kenya. The findings of the study indicated that; safety stock management, inventory control techniques, information technology integration and demand and supply forecasting have a positive relationship with performance of state corporations.Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: Finally, the study recommended that public institutions should embrace inventory optimization practices so as to improve their performance and further researches should to be carried out in other public entities to find out if the same results can be obtained.

Contagion

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-95
Author(s):  
Mark Davis ◽  
Davina Lohm
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
The Social

Contagion is an age-old method of signifying infectious diseases like influenza and is a rich metaphor with strong biopolitical connotations for understandings of social distance, that is, the self as distinct from the other in the sense of space and identity. Contagion is therefore an important metaphor for the social distancing approaches recommended by experts during a pandemic, as was the case in 2009. This chapter, therefore, examines how research participants enacted social distancing as a method for reducing risk. It reflects on how these narratives reflected the meanings of contagion linked with distance, in particular, the notion that threat emerges elsewhere and in the figure of the other.

scholarly journals The Effects of Changes in Local Bank Health on Household Consumption

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Daniel Cooper ◽  
Joe Peek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Credit Availability ◽  
Negative Income ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Income Shock ◽  
Credit Demand ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship between credit availability and household consumption using a novel approach to separate credit demand and supply. We find that a deterioration in local-bank health reduces household consumption, with the strongest effects occurring for households that are more likely to need credit—especially those experiencing a negative income shock and having limited liquid assets. The main contributions of the study are the use of an arguably exogenous measure of local-bank health and multifaceted indicators of constrained households. Our findings contribute to the discussion of the linkages between the financial sector and real economic activity.

scholarly journals Estimates of the ongoing need for social distancing and control measures post-“lockdown” from trajectories of COVID-19 cases and mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 2001483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Lonergan ◽  
James D. Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Doubling Times

By 21 May 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) had caused more than 5 million cases of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) across more than 200 countries. Most countries with significant outbreaks have introduced social distancing or “lockdown” measures to reduce viral transmission. So the key question now is when, how and to what extent these measures can be lifted.Publicly available data on daily numbers of newly confirmed cases and mortality were used to fit regression models estimating trajectories, doubling times and the reproduction number (R0) of the disease, before and under the control measures. These data ran up to 21 May 2020, and were sufficient for analysis in 89 countries.The estimates of R0 before lockdown based on these data were broadly consistent with those previously published: between 2.0 and 3.7 in the countries with the largest number of cases available for analysis (USA, Italy, Spain, France and UK). There was little evidence to suggest that the restrictions had reduced R far below 1 in many places, with France having the most rapid reductions: R0 0.76 (95% CI 0.72–0.82) based on cases, and 0.77 (95% CI 0.73–0.80) based on mortality.Intermittent lockdown has been proposed as a means of controlling the outbreak while allowing periods of increased freedom and economic activity. These data suggest that few countries could have even 1 week per month unrestricted without seeing resurgence of the epidemic. Similarly, restoring 20% of the activity that has been prevented by the lockdowns looks difficult to reconcile with preventing the resurgence of the disease in most countries.

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