scholarly journals ‘WASTAGE’ IS A CHALLENGE OF TRIBAL EDUCATION -A REVIEW BASED STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Abhisek Panda ◽  
Laxmipriya Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
National Average ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Literacy Gap ◽  
Diverse Communities ◽  
Out Of School ◽  
Tribal Education

India is a motherland of large number diverse communities. Tribes are called as ‘Adivasi’ or socially backward class people mainly lives in forest, hills, and rural remote area. There are more than 8.6 % of total population (Wikipedia) are tribes with around 645 tribes communities in India. In the question of tribal education a huge number of students are out of school, the literacy rate is below of national average literacy and significant literacy gap is found among the tribal male and female. So, in this juncture the objectives of this review based study are a comprehensive understanding regarding the Tribal dropout based on the existing literature reporting govt. initiatives and reasons of dropout in India. The study identified many reasons behind the dropout and explored equity and equality related issues faces challenges and a huge number of tribal children are out of school and deprived from accessing quality education

International Cooperation and Legal Response to Cybercrime in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 424-434
Author(s):  
Tansif Ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Total Population ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Legal Response ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Cyber Threat ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cyber Criminals

According to Internet World Stats (IWS), the total number of internet users in in Pakistan during October 2018 was 44,608,065, which is 22.2% of the total population. More than 30 million of Pakistan's 212 million people use the internet via mobile devices. The literacy rate of the country is quite low as compared to other countries (i.e., 58%). This research focuses on the common patterns of cyber criminals and the required legislation and enforcement of existing laws along with the need of international cooperation to counter global cyber threat.

scholarly journals Parent’s Efforts on Shaping the Self-Reliance of Students Drop Out of School

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Sisrika Hayatul Rahmi ◽  
Wisroni Wisroni
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
The Self ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
School Dropouts ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Out Of School

This research was motivated by the high independence of school dropouts in Jorong Koto Baru Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency, which was marked by their own income and their participation in community activities. The independence of teenagers dropping out of school was allegedly due to the efforts of parents in establishing their independence. The total population in this study were 25 teenagers who dropped out of school with a sampling of 60% so that there were 15 people. Data analysis techniques used are quantitative descriptive with percentage calculation. The results of the study found that, (1) the opportunity given by parents, (2) communication conducted by parents, and (3) the responsibility given in the formation of independence in Jorong Koto Baru was categorized as very good.Keywords: Efforts, Independence

scholarly journals Measuring Literacy Gap in the World for Economic and Social Development: Evidence from Selected Countries and the Lessons Learned

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6A) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Gbolahan S. Osho ◽  
Arinola C. Ebalunode
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Literacy Gap ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Female Literacy

Literacy rate is a major indicator of economic and social development, the campaign for growth and improvement in this area by several international organizations have caused significant growth in all major regions of the world. The persistent theme to these various programs is that illiteracy is nonetheless prevalent in the world and more study needed to eradicate it, thus generates a significant interest in this issue. Therefore, the primary goal of this current study is to compare five major regions in the world as classified by the World Bank in regards to the differences which exist in literacy. The study concludes that literacy rates of male and female across the regions are different for Youth literacy between the age of 15 and 24. The vast conclusion is that that there is a no significant difference in male literacy among the regions in the world except for Africa. While no significant difference in female literacy among the regions in the world.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Macro Economic in Central Java (PDRB Analysis in Year 1993-2003)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Eddy Kiswanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
National Average ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Central Java ◽  
National Market ◽  
Manufacture Sector

This paper aims to study the spatial analysis macroeconomics condition in central Java from 1993-2001 base on PDRB analysis. Central Java stands in the last position in the economic in Central Java based on PDRB variable and economic growth is in the lowest category in the comparation with another provinces in Java. This is reason why Central Java is categorized as "LL" (Low low). One of the prime sectors in Central Java is small medium scale enterprises which is dominated 30% of national market, but since the economic crisis stroke in 1997 the manufacture sector, especially industry and processing had collapse. In 1996-1997, the level of manufacture growth increased to 14.4% but then decreased until minus 19.3%. This condition caused by bankruptcy to many of the industries. The poverty profile in Central Java from 1999-2003 is average 23.3% from the total population every years. Central Java stepping to number 2 in level of poverty absolute number 1. In poverty relativity level, Central Java became number 1 in Java from 2002-2003 with the level of poverty reached above the national average. This fact shows the unsuccessfully effort in reducing the poverty level.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY EDUCATION INITIATIVES

ICCD ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-329
Author(s):  
Rekha Shahani
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Equity In Education ◽  
Formal Systems ◽  
Urban Rural

India is a pluralistic and a complex society in terms of its regional, religious, linguistic, castes and economic divides. There are the urban-rural as well as gender differences. Education too has different offerings. There has been progress in terms of literacy rate, but yet there remains a challenge when it comes to equity in education. Quality education also remains a challenge especially when it comes to educating a large population. Although education strives to meet the needs of all but formal systems cannot do it all. Therefore initiatives have to be taken up by conscientious educators and reach out to the community to ‘educate’ the young for becoming good human beings.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in Sri Lanka: An Overview

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 119-121
Author(s):  
Ranjith Chandrasena
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
The People

Sri Lanka now has a population nearing 13.5 million, the majority of whom are Sinhalese (72 per cent). The other major ethnic groups are the Tamils (27 per cent) and the Muslims (7 per cent). The religion of most of the Sinhalese people is Buddhism and that of the Tamils is Hinduism (67 per cent and 17 per cent of the total population respectively). Christianity (8 per cent) is the religion of a minority of Sinhalese and Tamil people. Free and compulsory education has resulted in a high literacy rate (84 per cent of those below 30 years and 80 per cent of those below 60 years of age). Eighty-seven per cent of the people are classified as living in rural areas (Census of Population, 1975).

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF MILITANCY ON EDUCATION AND ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-630
Author(s):  
Sher Nawab ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Usman Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Shafi Malik ◽  
Irshad Ghafoor
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Security Network

Background: The study was conducted in 2017 to know about the effects of militancy on education in the form of dropout from schools, destroyed infrastructure of educational institutions, decrease in literacy rate and to probe out the community perception about education in the context of adverse law and order situation in district Mohmand Agency. The study was significant because Mohmand Agency is the worst terrorist affected area. Objectives: The objectives of the study were examining the factors causing militancy, and to determine the effects of militancy on education in Mohmand Agency. Methodology: For this purpose, 250 sample respondents out of the total population from four selected villages viz Gurbaz, Masood, Sultan Khel and Baro Khel from tehsil Safi and Halimzai were selected. The respondents were randomly interviewed through an interview schedule. Chi-square test was used as statistical instrument to determine the association between education and different factors that cause terrorism. Results: It was found that majority of the respondents were agreed that unemployment, poverty, drone attacks, unidentified Pak-Afghan border were the main factors that caused militancy in the area and had greatly affected the primary and secondary education in the area. Respondents were of the view that brutal activities against Muslims across the globe and presence of NATO forces in the region increased terrorism. Involvement of foreign intelligence agencies in our county and weak national security network to handle terrorist activities properly were the main causes of terrorism. Parents remain worried about their children’s education due to security threats and insufficient schools remaining in the area. Conclusion: It was concluded that due to insecurity, lack of infrastructure and insufficient schools; education in the area under study was greatly affected. The study suggested that bringing of peace and reasonable security measures against militants can rebuild the educational environment in the study area.

scholarly journals Reasons for being Out of School: Implications for Education Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 273-293
Author(s):  
Farzana Yousaf ◽  
Kiran Shehzadi ◽  
Zahida Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
School Children ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Teaching Styles ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Out Of School

Out of school children (output) spring from the experiences, beliefs, interests, and attitudes towards events and processes leading to out of school (process) that develop from different reasons (Input). Focus group discussions were conducted with eight children and their seven parents. Secondly, views from social media (Face book) were collected to strengthen their voices. The thematic analysis of the data highlighted many reasons for being out of school using codes, themes and subthemes. Diagramatic view of results was drawn with the help of NVivo 11 plus. Some of the reasons such as poverty, school environment, house chores, parents' behavior, teachers' teaching styles, curriculum, language barriers, the literacy rate in that area, and gender issues have direct implications for education policy. Efforts, therefore, were made to identify the required changes in the education policy. A strategic plan to overcome these barriers was defined at the end for the reduction of the number of school children.

A Comparative Studyof the Exclusionofgirl Child In School Education in India and Punjab

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Navneet Kaur Brar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
School Education ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Primary Stage ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Out Of School

Exclusion in education takes into account “out-of-school children” or “dropouts” as well as all those who have never been to school and also those who are not in a position to attend school regularly. This study was conducted to assess the growth of literacy and enrolment trends of children in school education in terms of gender and caste in India and Punjab with special reference to rural areas. The dropout situation was also studied among children especially girls in school education and reasons for exclusion of children were also explored. Trends in educational indicators were analysed using qualitative as well as quantitative methods. Comparative analysis of literacy rates of India and Punjab revealed that Punjab has a higher literacy rate than India though India and Punjab both show increasing trends in the literacy rate. The number of females was found to be more illiterate than the males in both rural and urban areas of India. One out of every five males and one out of every three females in the country were found to be illiterate. These differentials in literacy rates are comparatively more pronounced in the districts falling in the Malwa belt of Punjab. In terms of enrolment, it was observed that the total enrolment was found to be higher at the primary stage. Enrolment was found to be comparatively lesser at upper primary stage. The secondary level had least enrolment. The percentage of never enrolled children was found to be higher than out of school and dropped-out children. The comparison of figures of Punjab with national figures indicated that the percentage of never enrolled children was higher in Punjab than national figures. Larger number of children from urban areas (4.77%) were found to be out of school than children from rural areas in Punjab. Out of school females (3.25%) were more than males (1.58%) and the percentage was much higher for rural areas than urban areas in Punjab. These values were even more than national figures. Therefore, the study concluded that a large number of girls especially from rural areas are still excluded from school education in Punjab.

Effect of the Medical Insurance Decree on Construction Industry in Saudi Arabia

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 3861-3868
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. Alsugair
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The Public ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Exerted Pressure

Construction contractors in Saudi Arabia were exposed to additional expenses due to implementing a new government decree related to medical insurance for foreign employees. The number of foreign employees reached to eight million people out of 27 million people the total population of Saudi Arabia. This huge number of foreign people exerted pressure on the public free medical facilities that forced the government to issue a decree that instructs private sector to use private medical facilities for their foreign employees. This paper presents results of a study to identify the effect of the medical insurance decree on construction industry in Saudi Arabia. The methodology used was to prepare a questionnaire that investigates the objectives of this study and distributes it to the contractors. The questionnaires were distributed to 150 construction contractors and 90 questionnaires were collected. Results of the study reveal the effect of the compulsory medical insurance on the construction contractors in general and according to their classifications. In addition, the study presents the current practice implemented by contractors to provide medical care for their foreign employees.

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