The main stages of Masud Aliyoglu's critical activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (04) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Əsmər Dadaş qızı Hüseynova ◽  

The stages of development of Azerbaijani literary criticism in the twentieth century coincided with the period of political and ideological principles. It is substantial influence on aesthetic approaches is confirmed by existing research. In this sense, the study of the individual facts of criticism and the scientific and theoretical heritage of individual critics in stages creates a favorable basis for concrete conclusions. A step-by-step study of Masud Alieglu's 25-year career as a critic reveals interesting scientific and theoretical truths. The main priority goal of the article is to study the general activities of the critic and the directions of research in a unified way. Based on articles and opinions written in a short period of time from the late 1940s to the 1950s, he chose Masud Aliyoglu as a leading field for his literary criticism. In the later stages of development, the literary-aesthetic factors that led to the continuation and development of research on the creative problems of poetry, prose, drama and literary criticism in the 50s and 60 s and 70s were focused on the analysis of facts. Key words: critical individuality, literary process, scientific-theoretical generalization, criterion of modernity, aesthetic evaluation, critical thinking, new trends

Author(s):  
Бакытбек Болгомбаев

Макалада К.Байжигитовдун алгачкы адабий-сын пикирлерине таянып, сынчылык ишмердүүлүгүнүн башталышы, ага себеп болгон объективдүү жана субъективдүү жагдайлар каралат. Негизги проблема ка- тары адабиятчынын адабий сынга келиши, бул багыттагы ишмердүүлүгүнүн пайда болушу менен автордун жеке чыгармачылыгына тикелей таасирин тийгизген адабий процесстин ролу кепке тартылат. Анын алгачкы сындарында орун алган автордук ойдун жаралышы, өздүк пикирден маданий-эстетикалык жана социалдык-инсандык көз карашка өсүп чыгуу себептери да талдоодон өтөт. Анда адабиятчынын сынчылык ишмердүүлүгүнүн калып- тануусу көркөм-адабий процесстеги жалпы кызыкчылыктар менен айкалышып, ал мезгилде жүрүп жаткан тенденциялардын кучагында болгону да белгиленет. Анын жаш сынчынын көз карашын калыптандырууда ойногон ролу К.Байжигитовдун алгачкы сындарына баа берүү менен жүргүзүлөт. Основываясь на первоначальной литературной критике К. Байжигитова статья рассматривает начало деятельности критика, объективные и субъективные факторы, которые к ней привели. Роль ли- тературного процесса, оказывающего непосредственное влияние на личное творчество автора с его приходом в критическую деятельность и началом его работ в этой сфере, рассматривается как основная проблема. Также анализируются истоки мысли автора в его ранних критических работах, и причины его перехода от личного мнения к культурно-эстетической и социально-личностной точке зрения. Отмечается, что формирование критической деятельности литератора сочеталось с общими интересами литературного процесса и тенденциями тех времен. Его роль в формировании взглядов молодого критика осуществляется оцениванием первоначальных критик К. Байжигитова. Based on the initial literary criticism of K. Baizhigitov, the article examines the beginning of the critic's activity, the objective and subjective factors that led to it. The role of the literary process, which has a direct impact on the personal creativity of the author with his arrival in critical activity and the beginning of his work in this area, is considered as the main problem. It also analyzes the origins of the author's thought in his early critical works, andthe reasons for his transition from personal opinion to cultural-aesthetic and social-personal point of view. It is noted that the formation of the critical activity of a writer was combined with the general interests of the literary process and the tendencies of those times. Its role in shaping the views of the young critic is carried out by evaluating the initial criticisms of K. Baizhigitov.


Author(s):  
Vyacheslav M. Golovko ◽  

The “idea of human” (“type of attitude to the world”) is considered as a relevant category of the conceptual apparatus of the modern science of literature. The aim of the work is to analyze the theoretical and methodological potential of this category on the basis of large typological units of the literary process, marked with the concepts of “historical and literary era”, “artistic and cognitive cycle”, “literary direction”, “big style”, “artistic method”. The research used the methods of a typological and complex study of literary works, which in the synthesis of literary criticism and philosophy determine the strategy of searches in the field of theoretical and methodological content of the “idea of human” category as the foundation of the literary and philosophical anthropology of cultural and historical eras. The historical and genetic links between the worldview aesthetic principles and the artistic practice of literary trends are problematized. The logic of the research reveals the concept “object – knowledge”, fundamental for epistemology, in the aspects of the structuring of the knowledge of the methodological semantics of the “idea of human” category and of the functioning of the definitions “generalized idea of human”, “type of attitude to the world”, “concept of human and reality”, “whole of human”, “human as a value”. The article shows that the “idea of human” as a philosophical and aesthetic interpretation of the nature and essence of human at a certain stage in the development of artistic consciousness, worked out by the whole culture (R.R. Moskvina, G.V. Mokronosov) and defining integrity and logical consistency of the artistic system, is a synergistically functional semantic core of the historical and cultural era, and this core contains the dialectical potential of “negation of the negation”. As a variable, the historical “idea of human”, in the perspective of the stage development of artistic consciousness, undergoes dramatic changes and is realized in the logic of the successive change of historical and cultural epochs and their philosophical paradigms, in the constant alternation of “realistic” and “mystical”, materialistic and idealistic methods of cognition and images of human and the world (D.I. Chizhevsky, A.M. Panchenko, and others). The conclusions are substantiated that the successive development of literary trends, creative methods and their axiological systems is conditioned by the dynamics of “types of attitude to the world”; that the functioning of the “idea of human” category in literary discourse is focused on argumentation of the ontological nature of fiction, on the identification of philosophical and aesthetic principles that determine the systematic nature and the successive change of artistic and cognitive cycles; that the evolution of the “idea of human” within the framework of one artistic and cognitive cycle is fixed by the dynamics of genre systems since, in the correlations of method, genre and style, “the idea of human” acts as a factor in genre formation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
S. V. Sheyanova ◽  
◽  
N. M. Yusupova ◽  

Introduction: at present the reader’s audience is particularly interested in creative experiments in which the historical fate of the Russian peasantry in the «turning» eras is artistically comprehended. The article is devoted to the study of the problem-thematic range of modern Mordovian historical prose. The subject of analysis is the peculiarity of the reception of the period of collectivization and dekulakization in the story by Erzyan prose writer A. Doronin «A Wolf Ravine». Objective: to reveal the features of the artistic reconstruction of the events of the 1930s, the modeling of the relationship between a man and society in the story by A. Doronin «A Wolf Ravine».Research materials: the story by A. Doronin «A Wolf Ravine». Results and novelty of the research: the historical story « A Wolf Ravine » for the first time becomes the object of scientific understanding and is introduced into the context of Finno-Ugric literary criticism. A. Doronin artistically interprets the real events and circumstances of the resettlement of dispossessed peasants of the Volga region to the uninhabited steppes of Kazakhstan. As a result of the study, we conclude that the actualization of this problem-thematic cluster is due to the creative concept of the historical writer; the individual author’s approach to the reconstruction of historical narrative can be traced in the writer’s desire to realistically reveal the relationship of personality and society in the tragic 1930s; to analyze intentions of people and of the psychological states of the characters. Problems of a sociopolitical nature, actualized in the story, are filled with philosophical, axiological content, and lead to a multi-faceted understanding of the «man and history» problem.


Ars Adriatica ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Pavuša Vežić

The discussion emphasizes the peculiarity and individuality of both the shape and style of Dalmatian hexaconchs. Together with the rotunda of Holy Trinity at Zadar, they surely represent the most original architectural creation of early medieval Dalmatia and its specific cultural milieu which grew from a twofold tradition in a true symbiosis of the European East and West in the Adriatic area. Their mutual interdependence in Dalmatia was articulated through the individual shapes of religious architecture. These hexaconchs are a form specific to only the innermost part of Dalmatia, centred on the area between Zadar and Split, and deep into the hinterland of these towns, which corresponded to the Croatian principality.Certainly, buildings as special as this had their own original matrix - an individual spatial composition and a specific structure which formed their body. Without this, the hexaconchs would not have possessed the originality which has been observed by all the scholars who have written about them. Indeed, they have their own shape and style. By analyzing and interpreting the legacy of Dalmatian religious architecture, it seems plausible to assume that the early Christian baptistery of Zadar Cathedral may have served as a model not only for their hexaconchal shape and spatial structure but also for their dimensions and proportions. In the regional architecture prior to the period when the hexaconchs were built, no other building, aside from the Zadar baptistery, had such a shape and such a compositional compatibility with the hexaconchs; the very structure and measurements of their interior space. However, the architectural style of the hexaconchs, which display pilaster strips on their exteriors, and their vocabulary of pre-Romanesque language find their parallels on the monumental rotunda of Holy Trinity - a chapel adjacent to the baptistery itself, located nearby in the same episcopal complex - more than on any other late Antique or early medieval building both in the immediate region and in the whole Adriatic basin. For this reason, the search for the origin of the shape and style of Dalmatian hexaconchs leads us to Zadar and it is no wonder that almost every scholar who has studied this group of buildings has pointed to this fact. Their geographical distribution also witnesses this influence in its own way: two hexaconchs can be found at Zadar, while four or even five more are located in the wider Zadar area, adding up to seven out of the ten Dalmatian hexaconchs in total.This number implies that this group of rotundas, being characteristic for a specific period in Dalmatia, was created in a relatively short period of time. Moreover, it points to the building and carving workshops which, drawing upon the same source model, constructed the hexaconchs and provided them with stone liturgical furnnishings. In particular, further indications can be found in the production of the socalled Benedictine carving workshop, probably located at Zadar, a workshop from the time of Prince Trpimir which produced the furnishings for the hexaconchs at Pridraga and Kašić, and the carving workshop from Trogir which was responsible for the carvings at Trogir and Brnaze. All of these, with regard to the hexaconchs, testify to predominantly early ninth-century production, and represent the main argument for the dating of these interesting Dalmatian rotundas to the same time. Apart from their original pre-Romanesque shape, the majority of the free-standing hexaconchal rotundas were provided with early Romanesque additions during the course of time, and these additions turned these hexaconchs into small complexes of sorts. Vestibules created in this period suggest two possiblities: according to one, the vestibules added in this manner were actually a kind of exterior crypt, spaces where sarcophagi could be housed, and according to the other, some of these vestibules were also provided with bell-towers built on top of them. The latter possibility is implied by the dispositions of the suggested bell-towers and the strength of the supporting substructions (e.g. the Stomorica church at Zadar or the hexaconch at Kašić), but also by the stylistic elements which point to the early Romanesque, and architectural details, the function of which indicates a bell-tower (e.g. impost capitals of the Stomorica church or St Chrysogonus at Zadar, and an octogonal colonette from Kašić).


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
N.A. Stepanova

The article presents the analysis of the current domestic research of the problem of self-determination. It is shown that adolescence is a sensitive period for the development of self-determination, but there are not enough studies of its dynamics at this age and ways of the formation. Self-determination is considered in the article as the opposite of addictive behavior, which makes it a resource in terms of prevention of pathological dependencies. Therefore, the proposed approach to optimization of the system of prevention in educational institutions through the development of self-determination in adolescence, based on the development of the spiritual fulfillment of the individual as the main stage of formation of the self. A model of interaction between education experts in the course of prevention of addictive behavior in educational organizations, reflecting the main stages of development of self-determination in the course of maintenance work.


Author(s):  
V.P. MESHCHERYAKOV ◽  
◽  
YU.G. IVANOV ◽  
T.N. PIMKINA ◽  
E.V. ERMOSHINA

The aim of the research is to study the possibility of using a latent period of the ejection of the first portion of milk in order to evaluate the individual characteristics of the milk ejection features of cows using the technology of bucket milking and robotic milking. Two experiments were conducted on cows of Black-Motley breed. Under the first experiment, the individual characteristics of the milk ejection were shown using the technology of bucket milking. Under the second experiment, they were determined for the technology of robotic milking. The first experiment was conducted on 12 mature cows. They were milked with a serial milking machine. The process of lactation was recorded by means of a bucket counter. The parameters of milk ejection were defined by analyzing the curve of lactation and making calculations. The second experiment was conducted on 30 first-calf heifers. Cows were milked on robotic installation the Astronaut A4 of Lely Company (the Netherlands). The data of the information system of herd management Lely T4C have been used for the analysis. Depending on the indicator of a latent period of the first milk portion ejection in both experiments three groups of cows (I–III) have been isolated. The ability of milk ejection in the first group was identified as high, in the second group – average and in the third group – low. Both experiments showed that the value of a latent period of the first milk portion ejection determined the milk ejection ability of cows. The increase in the period of the first milk portion ejection has been found among cows as their milk ejection ability decreses. The currently used milking technology shows that the reduced milk ejection among cows leads to the decrease in the indicators of the average and maximum intensity of milk ejection, the first two minutes of milking and also it leads to longer duration of milking. Using the robotic milking, the authors found that the first-calf heifers with the short period of the first milk portion ejection are characterized by the shortest duration of treating the teats and staying in the milking parlor, the average duration of milk ejection from the each quarter of the udder, as well as high values of the average and maximum intensity of milk ejection. The first-calf heifers with slow milking capacity are characterized by the longest duration of treating the teats and staying in the milking parlor, the average duration of milk ejection from the each quarter of the udder, as well as the lowest values of the average and maximum intensity of milk ejection. This suggests that the selection of first-calf heifers with high milk ejection ability will help to increase the productivity of automatic milking systems during the milking process. It is proposed to use the value of a latent period of the first milk portion ejection in the breeding activities.


Author(s):  
Aaron J. Kachuck

This Introduction presents a study of Latin vocabulary for solitude as background for replacing bipartite divisions of Roman life (e.g., otium and negotium, “public” and “private”) with a tripartite model comprising public, private, and solitary spheres. It outlines this model’s applicability to Greek literature and philosophy, Roman religion, and Roman law, leading to a discussion of the Roman bedroom (cubiculum) and the solitary reading and writing to which it could be home. Reviewing the history of scholarship on Roman society, religion, and literature from antiquity through the present, it demonstrates how and why solitude has been written out of the study of Roman culture, and how the problem of solitude relates to the question of the individual in ancient society. Finally, it explores the relationship of literature to Rome’s solitary sphere in the age of Virgil, addressing problems of periodization, the relationship between literary criticism, philosophy, and literary production.


2019 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. A99 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Benaglia ◽  
S. del Palacio ◽  
C. H. Ishwara-Chandra ◽  
M. De Becker ◽  
N. L. Isequilla ◽  
...  

The massive binary system WR 11 (γ2-Velorum) has recently been proposed as the counterpart of a Fermi source. If this association is correct, this system would be the second colliding wind binary detected in GeV γ-rays. However, the reported flux measurements from 1.4 to 8.64 GHz fail to establish the presence of nonthermal (synchrotron) emission from this source. Moreover, WR 11 is not the only radio source within the Fermi detection box. Other possible counterparts have been identified in archival data, some of which present strong nonthermal radio emission. We conducted arcsec-resolution observations toward WR 11 at very low frequencies (150–1400 MHz) where the nonthermal emission – if existent and not absorbed – is expected to dominate. We present a catalog of more than 400 radio emitters, among which a significant portion are detected at more than one frequency, including limited spectral index information. Twenty-one of these radio emitters are located within the Fermi significant emission. A search for counterparts for this last group pointed at MOST 0808–471; this source is 2′ away from WR 11 and is a promising candidate for high-energy emission, having a resolved structure along 325–1390 MHz. For this source, we reprocessed archive interferometric data up to 22.3 GHz and obtained a nonthermal radio spectral index of − 0.97 ± 0.09. However, multiwavelength observations of this source are required to establish its nature and to assess whether it can produce (part of) the observed γ-rays. WR 11 spectrum follows a spectral index of 0.74 ± 0.03 from 150 to 230 GHz, consistent with thermal emission. We interpret that any putative synchrotron radiation from the colliding-wind region of this relatively short-period system is absorbed in the photospheres of the individual components. Notwithstanding, the new radio data allowed us to derive a mass-loss rate of 2.5 × 10−5 M⊙ yr−1, which, according to the latest models for γ-ray emission in WR 11, would suffice to provide the required kinetic power to feed nonthermal radiation processes.


Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong Hyun Kwon ◽  
Sang-Hun Kim ◽  
Seok-Min Kim ◽  
Kyo-Beum Lee

A diagnostic method for an open-circuit switch failure in a hybrid active neutral-point clamped (HANPC) inverter is proposed in this paper. The switching leg of the HANPC inverter consists of four silicon insulated gate bipolar transistors and two silicon carbide metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors to achieve higher efficiency and power density compared to conventional neutral-point clamped inverters. When an open-circuit failure occurs in a switching device, the output current is severely distorted, causing damage to the inverter and the connected loads. The proposed diagnostic method aims to detect the open-switch failure and protect the related devices without additional sensors or circuits. The faulty conditions of six different switches are investigated based on the current distortion in the stationary reference frame. By analyzing the individual characteristic of each switch failure, it is possible to detect the exact location of the failed switch in a short period. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed fault-diagnostic method are verified using simulation and experimental results.


1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Sheridan ◽  
Sarah B. Dwyer ◽  
Matthew R. Sanders

The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of ADHD on the functioning of families. A review of recent research indicated that the persistence of symptoms into adulthood and the high rate of comorbidity with behaviour, psychiatric and mood disorders, are major additional stressors for families. Although the clinical presentation, developmental manifestations and patterns of comorbidity have been refined, it is emphasised that effective management of this disorder requires access to interventions which are both multilevel and multimodal. A model of a multilevel system of intervention that can be tailored to the individual family's needs at different stages of development is presented.


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