Tomodensitometric aspects of Metastatic Breast Cancer seen in medical imaging in University Hospital Center Luxembourg

Introduction: Breast cancer is the first cancer in woman worldwide. Its prognosis depends on early diagnosis and treatment. CT-scan has an important place in the diagnostic screening and the surveillance of this disease. The goal of this study was to assess the place of CT-scan in extension screening of breast cancer in the Department of Medical Imaging of the Teaching Hospital Mother-Child “Le Luxembourg”. Methods: It is a descriptive study on the retrospective compilation of CT-scan data of patients in the Department of Medical Imaging of the Teaching Hospital Mother-Child “Le Luxembourg” from May 1st to November 30th 2017. Were enrolled all patients, regardless of gender or age, with breast cancer histologically confirmed and who developed at least one secondary lesion found by CT-scan. CT-scan was performed before and after treatment. CT-scan machines were HITACHI® SUPRIA 16 bars and TOSHIBA® 04 bars, without and with Iodine 350mg intravenous injection. Results: Over seven months, 44 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 49 years and females were predominant. A family history of breast cancer was found in 13% of cases and invasive ductal carcinoma represented 95.54%. The main metastases were multi visceral (31.82%), pleural pulmonary (70.75%), ganglionic (63.63%), hepatic (27.27%) and bone (18.18%). Conclusion: Breast cancer is a public health concern with a clear predominance of women. In our context, CT-scan still has an important place in the research of secondary lesion in addition to the surveillance of this disease. Keywords: CT-scan Breast cancer; Metastasis; UHC Luxembourg

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Effect of general anesthetics on the tumor micro-environment in mouse models of breast cancers of spontaneous metastasis.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e15503 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e15503-e15503

Author(s):

Jun Lin ◽

Ru Li ◽

Yujie Huang

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Mouse Models ◽

Lung Metastasis ◽

Primary Tumor ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Health Concern ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

General Anesthetics ◽

Primary Tumors

e15503 Background: Metastatic breast cancer is a pressing health concern worldwide. Various treatments have been developed but no significant long-term changes in overall survival are observed. Therefore, there is a demand to improve current therapies to treat this disease. Surgical resection of the primary tumors is essential in the treatment. However, accumulating evidence alludes to a role for volatile anesthetics which are used during the surgery in metastatic tumor development, but the mechanism remains largely unknown. We have shown anesthetics exert different effects on lung metastasis in mouse models of breast cancers. This study analyses the effect of general anesthetics in lung microenvironment associated with the increased metastases. Methods: Balb/c mice and NOD-SCID mice were orthotopically implanted with 4T1 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells respectively, in the mammary fat pad to generate primary tumors. Mice were subjected to the tested anesthetic during implantation and/or before and after surgery. Surgical dissection of primary tumor was performed under anesthesia with sevoflurane or an intravenous anesthetic propofol. Survival curve was constructed and analysed. Mice were euthanized to harvest tissues for histology and cell analysis. Results: As we previously reported, surgical dissection of primary tumor in mice under anesthesia with sevoflurane led to significantly more lung metastasis than with propofol in both syngeneic murine 4T1 and xenograft human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer models. Sevoflurane was associated with increased IL6(Li, Huang, & Lin, 2020). Here we show that anesthesia with sevoflurane resulted in changes of stroma composition in the lung, which was reversed by IL6 pathway interruption. Conclusions: Those results contribute to our understanding of effects of sevoflurane on cancer metastasis and suggest a potential therapeutic approach to overcome the risk of general anesthesia. Li, R., Huang, Y., & Lin, J. (2020). Distinct effects of general anesthetics on lung metastasis mediated by IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in mouse models. Nat Commun, 11, 642.

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MiR-205 Dysregulations in Breast Cancer: The Complexity and Opportunities

Non-Coding RNA ◽

10.3390/ncrna5040053 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 53 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Xiao ◽

Humphries ◽

Yang ◽

Wang

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Target Gene ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Therapy Resistance ◽

Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽

Mesenchymal Transition

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNAs that downregulate target gene expression by imperfect base-pairing with the 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of target gene mRNAs. MiRNAs play important roles in regulating cancer cell proliferation, stemness maintenance, tumorigenesis, cancer metastasis, and cancer therapeutic resistance. While studies have shown that dysregulation of miRNA-205-5p (miR-205) expression is controversial in different types of human cancers, it is generally observed that miR-205-5p expression level is downregulated in breast cancer and that miR-205-5p exhibits a tumor suppressive function in breast cancer. This review focuses on the role of miR-205-5p dysregulation in different subtypes of breast cancer, with discussions on the effects of miR-205-5p on breast cancer cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, stemness and therapy-resistance, as well as genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate miR-205-5p expression in breast cancer. In addition, the potential diagnostic and therapeutic value of miR-205-5p in breast cancer is also discussed. A comprehensive list of validated miR-205-5p direct targets is presented. It is concluded that miR-205-5p is an important tumor suppressive miRNA capable of inhibiting the growth and metastasis of human breast cancer, especially triple negative breast cancer. MiR-205-5p might be both a potential diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for metastatic breast cancer.

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Facial nerve palsy as the first sign of late breast cancer metastasis to the temporal bone

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp210212040d ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 40-40

Author(s):

Zoran Dudvarski ◽

Nenad Arsovic ◽

Milovan Dimitrijevic ◽

Sasa Jakovljevic ◽

Novica Boricic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Facial Nerve ◽

Temporal Bone ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽

Facial Nerve Paralysis ◽

Nerve Paralysis ◽

Radiological Diagnostics

Introduction. Late metastases of malignant tumors in the temporal bone are very rare lesions. They can be asymptomatic for a long time, and usually manifest themselves in the form of hearing loss, dizziness, tinnitus, and paralysis of the facial nerve. Modern radiological diagnostics and explorative surgery with biopsy are essential for diagnosis. Case report. We present a rare and unusual case of a 66-year-old female patient with a facial nerve paralysis that appeared as the first sign of metastatic breast cancer in the temporal bone 10 years after treatment. A sudden hearing loss and dizziness occurred six months later and value of CA 15-3 was elevated. Scintigraphy pointed to susceptible metastatic deposits of the axial skeleton, without lesions in the temporal bone. Finally, repeated computerized tomography revealed osteolytic changes of the temporal bone six months after that. Immunohistochemical analysis of mastoid tissue samples confirmed that it was a breast cancer metastasis. One year after palliative radiotherapy and oral hormone therapy, a patient has a good general condition with better function of the facial nerve. Conclusion. A high degree of clinical suspicion sometimes requires repeated radiological diagnostics in order to detect osteolytic metastatic changes in the temporal bone, but also in other bone structures within the hematogenous dissemination of the malignant disease.

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Relationship between platelet-lymphocyte ratio and tumour infiltrating lymphocyte on metastatic in breast cancer patient

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20192153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 2045

Author(s):

Indro Wibowo Sejati ◽

Ida Bagus Tjakra Wibawa Manuaba ◽

Putu Anda Tusta ◽

Gede Budhi Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Breast Cancer Subtype ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Sample Group ◽

Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio

Background: Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is known associated with the prognosis of distant metastatic breast cancer. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) in breast cancer also associated with the prognosis of distant metastatic breast cancer. In this study, we will examine the relationship between PLR and TIL, in association with the metastatic incidence in breast cancer.Methods: This research is a retrospective, analytic, cross-sectional study. Data was taken from medical records of breast cancer patients at Sanglah general hospital. Samples were taken by nested sampling by selecting all breast cancer patients from the period of January 1st, 2017, to December 31st, 2018, which had complete medical record data, with total sample 211. The PLR and TIL were calculated and analyzed in relation to metastasis incidence of breast cancer.Results: The sample characteristics were sorted by age, education, occupation, the area of origin, menstrual status, breast cancer staging, breast cancer subtype, TIL levels, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) status, metastatic status, and breast cancer grading. The data were analyzed to know the association of PLR, TIL, confounding factors in relation to metastatic incidences. In the sample group with PLR ≥ 156 10µ /µL, there were 22.9% cases of metastases (p = 0.002). The sample group at low TIL had metastatic event 12.5% with (p=0.442).Conclusions: PLR was associated with higher metastasis in breast cancer patients and low TIL had no association with breast cancer metastasis.

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TMJ pain as a presentation of metastatic breast cancer to the right mandibular condyle

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2021-241601 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. e241601

Author(s):

Victor Ken On Chang ◽

Samuel Thambar

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Mandibular Condyle ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Neck Region ◽

Head And Neck Region ◽

History Of ◽

The Right

Cancer metastasis to the oral and maxillofacial region is uncommon, and metastasis to the mandibular condyle is considered rare. We present a case of a 56-year-old woman with a history of invasive ductal cell carcinoma of the right breast, 10 years in remission, presenting with a 6-month history of symptoms typical of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Imaging revealed an osteolytic lesion of her right TMJ and subsequent open biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer. Despite the rarity of metastatic cancer to the head and neck region, it is still important for clinicians from both medical and dental backgrounds to consider this differential diagnosis, particularly in patients with a history of hormonal positive subtype of breast cancer. Given that bony metastasis can manifest even 10 years after initial diagnosis, surveillance which includes examination of the head and neck region is important, and may include routine plain-film imaging surveillance with an orthopantomogram (OPG).

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S100A4 released from highly bone-metastatic breast cancer cells plays a critical role in osteolysis

Bone Research ◽

10.1038/s41413-019-0068-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Haemin Kim ◽

Bongjun Kim ◽

Sang Il Kim ◽

Hyung Joon Kim ◽

Brian Y. Ryu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Bone Metastasis ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Breast Cancer Cells ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Critical Role ◽

Bone Destruction ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Breast Cancer Patients

Abstract Bone destruction induced by breast cancer metastasis causes severe complications, including death, in breast cancer patients. Communication between cancer cells and skeletal cells in metastatic bone microenvironments is a principal element that drives tumor progression and osteolysis. Tumor-derived factors play fundamental roles in this form of communication. To identify soluble factors released from cancer cells in bone metastasis, we established a highly bone-metastatic subline of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. This subline (mtMDA) showed a markedly elevated ability to secrete S100A4 protein, which directly stimulated osteoclast formation via surface receptor RAGE. Recombinant S100A4 stimulated osteoclastogenesis in vitro and bone loss in vivo. Conditioned medium from mtMDA cells in which S100A4 was knocked down had a reduced ability to stimulate osteoclasts. Furthermore, the S100A4 knockdown cells elicited less bone destruction in mice than the control knockdown cells. In addition, administration of an anti-S100A4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) that we developed attenuated the stimulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss by mtMDA in mice. Taken together, our results suggest that S100A4 released from breast cancer cells is an important player in the osteolysis caused by breast cancer bone metastasis.

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Circulating Tumor Cells in Early and Advanced Breast Cancer; Biology and Prognostic Value

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21051671 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1671 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anna Fabisiewicz ◽

Malgorzata Szostakowska-Rodzos ◽

Anna J. Zaczek ◽

Ewa A. Grzybowska

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Circulating Tumor Cells ◽

Cancer Biology ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽

Current Status ◽

Molecular Profile ◽

Breast Cancer Patients

Breast cancer metastasis is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women and is difficult to combat due to the long periods in which disseminated cells retain a potential to be re-activated and start the relapse. Assessing the number and molecular profile of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in breast cancer patients, especially in early breast cancer, should help in identifying the possibility of relapse in time for therapeutic intervention to prevent or delay recurrence. While metastatic breast cancer is considered incurable, molecular analysis of CTCs still have a potential to define particular susceptibilities of the cells representing the current tumor burden, which may differ considerably from the cells of the primary tumor, and offer more tailored therapy to the patients. In this review we inspect the routes to metastasis and how they can be linked to specific features of CTCs, how CTC analysis may be used in therapy, and what is the current status of the research and efforts to include CTC analysis in clinical practice.

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Relationship between Clinicopathologic Variables in Breast Cancer Overall Survival Using Biogeography-Based Optimization Algorithm

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/2304128 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Li-Yeh Chuang ◽

Guang-Yu Chen ◽

Sin-Hua Moi ◽

Fu Ou-Yang ◽

Ming-Feng Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Predictive Accuracy ◽

Cancer Prognosis ◽

University Hospital ◽

Health Concern ◽

Survival Models ◽

Survival Prediction ◽

Prediction Ability ◽

Minimum Number

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and is considered a major public health concern worldwide. Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is a novel metaheuristic algorithm. This study analyzed the relationship between the clinicopathologic variables of breast cancer using Cox proportional hazard (PH) regression on the basis of the BBO algorithm. The dataset is prospectively maintained by the Division of Breast Surgery at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. A total of 1896 patients with breast cancer were included and tracked from 2005 to 2017. Fifteen general breast cancer clinicopathologic variables were collected. We used the BBO algorithm to select the clinicopathologic variables that could potentially contribute to predicting breast cancer prognosis. Subsequently, Cox PH regression analysis was used to demonstrate the association between overall survival and the selected clinicopathologic variables. C-statistics were used to test predictive accuracy and the concordance of various survival models. The BBO-selected clinicopathologic variables model obtained the highest C-statistic value (80%) for predicting the overall survival of patients with breast cancer. The selected clinicopathologic variables included tumor size (hazard ratio [HR] 2.372, p = 0.006), lymph node metastasis (HR 1.301, p = 0.038), lymphovascular invasion (HR 1.606, p = 0.096), perineural invasion (HR 1.546, p = 0.168), dermal invasion (HR 1.548, p = 0.028), total mastectomy (HR 1.633, p = 0.092), without hormone therapy (HR 2.178, p = 0.003), and without chemotherapy (HR 1.234, p = 0.491). This number was the minimum number of discriminators required for optimal discrimination in the breast cancer overall survival model with acceptable prediction ability. Therefore, on the basis of the clinicopathologic variables, the survival prediction model in this study could contribute to breast cancer follow-up and management.

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Exosomal MicroRNAs and Organotropism in Breast Cancer Metastasis

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12071827 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1827 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Grace L. Wong ◽

Sara Abu Jalboush ◽

Hui-Wen Lo

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Tumor Stroma ◽

Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽

Exosomal Mirnas ◽

Made In

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy for women in which one in eight women will be diagnosed with the disease in their lifetime. Despite advances made in treating primary breast cancer, there is still no effective treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Consequently, metastatic breast cancer is responsible for 90% of breast cancer-related deaths while only accounting for approximately one third of all breast cancer cases. To help develop effective treatments for metastatic breast cancer, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which breast cancer metastasizes, particularly, those underlying organotropism towards brain, bone, and lungs. In this review, we will primarily focus on the roles that circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) play in organotropism of breast cancer metastasis. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that play critical roles in intercellular communication. MicroRNAs can be encapsulated in exosomes; cargo-loaded exosomes can be secreted by tumor cells into the tumor microenvironment to facilitate tumor–stroma interactions or released to circulation to prime distant organs for subsequent metastasis. Here, we will summarize our current knowledge on the biogenesis of exosomes and miRNAs, mechanisms of cargo sorting into exosomes, the exosomal miRNAs implicated in breast cancer metastasis, and therapeutic exosomal miRNAs.

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Breast Cancer Metastasis: Role of Tumor Microenvironment and Resident Macropahges

Defence Life Science Journal ◽

10.14429/dlsj.1.10058 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Khemraj Singh Baghel ◽

Smrati Bhadauria

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽

The Body ◽

Tissue Remodelling ◽

Mesenchymal Transition

Metastatic breast cancer is a stage of breast cancer wherever the disease has spread to distant parts of the body. Onset of metastasis is one of the biggest obstacles to the successful treatment of cancer. The potential of a tumor cell to metastasize profoundly depends on its microenvironment, or “niche” interactions with local components. Macrophages provide tropic support to tumors. Resident macrophages contribute a set of common functions, including their capability to defend against microbial infections, to maintain normal cell turnover and tissue remodelling, and to help repair sites of injury. Macrophages are recruited into the tumor microenvironment where they differentiate to become Tumor-associated-macrophages (TAMs). TAMs are the most abundant subpopulation of tumor-stroma and actively drive cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Cancer metastasis is not solely regulated by the deregulation of metastasis promoting or suppressing genes in cancer cells. Recently the interaction between the stromal cells and cancer cells has been demonstrated to promote cancer metastasis. TAMs can advocate epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells. Loss of e-cadherin, a major phenomenon of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), reduces adhesiveness and releases cancer cells to distant (secondary) sites. A positive correlation between tumor progression and the expression of matrix metallo proteinases (MMPs) in tumor tissues has been demonstrated in numerous human and animal studies. The dynamic interactions of cancer-cells with TAMs actively promote invasion-metastasis cascade through intercellular-signalling-networks that need better elucidation.

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