Clinical and hematological features of the manifestation of Bordetelle infection in decorative rabbits and the biological properties of the pathogen Bordetella bronchiseptica

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Nikolay V. Pimenov ◽  
◽  
Olga A. Serezhechkina ◽  
Regina F. Ivannikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Antibacterial Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs

The problem of bordetella bronchiseptica infection in small pets is widespread and requires improvement of therapeutic approaches based on modern scientific data and research achievements. The article provides data on the causative agent of bordetellosis, information on its resistance to antimicrobial drugs and a description of the semiotics and course of infection in a private rabbit farm. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria, its ability to long-term carriage in the body and these properties actualize the problem of improving antibacterial treatment, prevention tactics and scientific research in this matter.

Microbiological participants in the etiopathogenesis of otitis in dogs and cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
N. V. Pimenov ◽  
◽  
E. A. Pustovit ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Antibacterial Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Colonization Ability

The problem of otitis in small pets is widespread and requires improvement of therapeutic approaches based on modern scientific data and research achievements. This article presents an overview of current sources of primary scientific information on the field of microbiology in inflammatory diseases of the ear in small domestic animals – dogs and cats. Information about microbiom (involved in the pathogenesis of otitis), ability of microorganisms to biofilm formation and resistance to antimicrobial drugs is presented. The associativity of the bacterial component, its colonization ability and these characteristics actualize the problem of improving antibacterial treatment, prevention tactics and scientific research in this matter.

scholarly journals Biological Restorations: A foreseeable possibility in the junction between dentistry and technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-424
Author(s):  
Guilherme De Siqueira F. Anzaloni Saavedra ◽  
Diogo Miguel da Costa Cabecinha Pacheco Viegas ◽  
Fabio Costa ◽  
Paulo Kano
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Oral Rehabilitation ◽  
Digital Dentistry ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Natural Tissue ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Prosthetic rehabilitation can generate doubts among professionals regarding the type of material to choose when planning rehabilitation treatments. The establishment of reliable criteria for material selection raises frequent questions. This work presents a concept and an alternative and simplified proposal to paradigm shift in therapeutic approaches based on three trends in restorative dentistry: Biomimetics, the use of natural tissue as a restorative material, which offers potential for the recovery of the mechanical, aesthetic and biological properties of teeth; digital dentistry and CAD/CAM systems; and adhesive technology, which has undergone exponential and impressive advances. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term performance of restorations in this variable field.  KeywordsAdhesion; Ceramics; Natural tooth; CAD/CAM; Oral rehabilitation; Biomimetics.

Hyperglycation of extra and intracellular proteins; marker or active element of diabetic pathomechanisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Andrzej Szutowicz
Keyword(s):  
Active Element ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Result ◽  
Intracellular Proteins ◽  
Intracellular Compartments ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia

States of chronic hyperglycaemia, irrespective of the diabetes type result in excessive non enzymatic glycation of several proteins in extra and intracellular compartments of the body. Hyperglycation of hemoglobin is employed for assessment of long term control of glycaemia in diabetic patients. However, hyperglycaemia may change biological properties of several proteins thereby contributing to miss function and structural impairments of several organs in the course of diabetes.

scholarly journals Functional Bioglass—Biopolymer Double Nanostructure for Natural Antimicrobial Drug Extracts Delivery

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Negut ◽  
Laura Floroian ◽  
Carmen Ristoscu ◽  
Cristian N. Mihailescu ◽  
Julia Claudia Mirza Rosca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
Laser Evaporation ◽  
Natural Antimicrobial ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Periprosthetic Infections

Aseptic loosening and periprosthetic infections are the main causes of implant failure. Strategies to mitigate this drawback are therefore mandatory to avoid primary and revision replacement surgeries. A functional bioapatite–biopolymer double nanostructure fabricated by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation to prevent infection of orthopedic and dental implants could promote osseointegration and ensure controlled delivery of natural antimicrobial drugs. The synthesized nanostructure consists of two overlapping layers, the lower from a biocompatible polymer for anticorrosive protection, and the upper of bioactive glass incorporating antimicrobial plant extract, acting as a potential drug delivery system. Morphology, composition, adherence, ability for drug delivery and biological properties (cytotoxicity and antimicrobial effect) were studied. Structures proved compact and stable, conserving a remarkable drug delivery ability for more than 21 days, i.e., enough to ensure long-term microbes’ eradication.

scholarly journals Sensitivity to antibacterial preparations Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. Smirnova ◽  
S.A. Makavchik ◽  
A.A. Sukhinin ◽  
S.V. Pankratov ◽  
T.N. Rozhdestvenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Livestock Products

Along with salmonellosis and Escherichiosis, intestinal campylobacteriosis caused by thermophilic campylobacter, primarily Campylobacter jejuni, is widespread. When studying the biological properties of isolated pathogens, great importance is attached to determining their sensitivity to antibacterial preparations and identifying preparation resistance. Livestock products, including poultry, are one of the most common sources of pathogenic campylobacter. Since antibiotics are often used in the process of growing and obtaining poultry meat, the acquired resistance of the campylobacter bacteria that colonize poultry products to the drugs used in veterinary medicine is likely. The spread of antibiotic-resistant strains in future can lead to decrease of the therapeutic effect in the treatment of severe forms of campylobacteriosis. In this article we present the results of determining the antibiotic resistance of C. jejuni cultures isolated from group samples of poultry products purchased in St. Petersburg in comparison with the antibiotic resistance of C. jejuni cultures isolated from group samples of chickens of the control groups, hatched without use of any antimicrobial preparations. Based on the results of our studies, we found that C. jejuni cultures isolated from group samples of poultry products purchased in St. Petersburg retail network have broad antibiotic resistance and are resistant to the effects of amoxicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, erythromycin, azithromycin, cephalothin, gentamycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, lincomycin, ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole, but are sensitive to the action of nalidixic acid, imipenem, meropenem, chloramphenicol and furazolidone. Cultures of C. jejuni isolated from group samples of poultry products purchased in St. Petersburg retail network have a broader antibiotic resistance to antimicrobial drugs of various pharmacological groups compared to cultures of C. jejuni isolated from group samples of chickens from the control group. Broader antibiotic resistance of C. jejuni cultures isolated from group samples of poultry products purchased in St. Petersburg retail network is most likely associated with the use of various antimicrobial drugs when growing poultry in industrial poultry farming.

Safety Evaluation Concepts

1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-644
Author(s):  
Leon Golberg
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Secure Foundation

Abstract The approach to safety evaluation is strongly influenced by the standard of safety to which one aspires. Practical considerations demand that realistic limits be set to the attainable assurances of freedom from anticipated hazard under actual conditions of use of a product. The fact is that, in the interests of consumer health, more can be expected from a flexible, intelligent, and experienced approach to safety evaluation than from efforts at conformity with a set of rigidly standardized requirements that are theoretically all-encompassing. Establishment of safety demands a wide background of information about the properties and likely uses of the product; above all, knowledge of the chemical composition of the product and its impurities, degradation products, and metabolites is essential. Lack of such information is a frequent source of errors in safety evaluation. Based on a secure foundation of this sort, a program of investigations may be designed, aimed at establishing the basic biological properties of the material. Determination of the metabolic dynamics of the principal chemical agent or agents makes possible the emergence of a clear picture of the behavior of the compound(s) in the body and paves the way for more specialized studies of long term toxicity, carcinogenicity, effects on reproduction and teratogenesis, and investigations of multitest mutagenic potential. Emphasis is laid on the problems of interpretation of results in terms of hazard to man and on the crucial contribution that experience of human exposure can make toward assuring safety-inuse. Decisions on acceptable risk are the joint responsibility of many individuals but an essential element in reaching such decisions is contributed by the depth of understanding and broad experience of the toxicologist.

Complications Associated with Extracranial Carotid Artery Interventions

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Gerald Dorros
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Extracranial Carotid Artery ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Cerebrovascular System

Efforts to ameliorate the tremendous personal and financial ramifications of stroke in this country have focused on the recently validated stroke reduction potential of carotid endarterectomy. During the years in which numerous randomized trials compiled their evidence in favor of surgical treatment, the evolution of minimally invasive therapeutic alternatives to surgery spread to encompass nearly every vascular bed in the body. Only the fragile cerebrovascular system remains as the final challenge for interventionists. Any revascularization alternative to carotid endarterectomy should achieve the same initial and long-term outcomes as the surgical gold standard, with comparable morbidity and mortality. After years of cautious, circumspect application, carotid angioplasty is now a contender for this role. Assisted by the newer stent technology, minimally invasive carotid interventions are entering clinical trials. While it is premature to discuss the stroke reduction potential of these catheter-based techniques, it is imperative that we recognize and prepare to treat the myriad, sometimes catastrophic, complications of these therapeutic approaches to carotid obliterative disease.

Defining the Competence of Psychologists with a View to Public Accountability *

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga ◽  
Ingrid Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

In national codes of ethics the practice of psychology is presented as rooted in scientific knowledge, professional skills, and experience. However, it is not self-evident that the body of scientific knowledge in psychology provides an adequate basis for current professional practice. Professional training and experience are seen as necessary for the application of psychological knowledge, but they appear insufficient to defend the soundness of one's practices when challenged in judicial proceedings of a kind that may be faced by psychologists in the European Union in the not too distant future. In seeking to define the basis for the professional competence of psychologists, this article recommends taking a position of modesty concerning the scope and effectiveness of psychological interventions. In many circumstances, psychologists can only provide partial advice, narrowing down the range of possible courses of action more by eliminating unpromising ones than by pointing out the most correct or most favorable one. By emphasizing rigorous evaluation, the profession should gain in accountability and, in the long term, in respectability.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
F.-E. Krusius ◽  
P. Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Redistilled Water ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect. In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance. In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls. Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.

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