scholarly journals Male Chauvinism in Afghan Society: An Analysis of A Thousand Splendid Suns

sjesr ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Dr. Waheed Ahmad Khan ◽  
Dr. Shaukat Ali ◽  
Mr. Gul Zamin Khan
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
Privileged Status ◽  
Inferior Status ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Status Of Women

The paper is an attempt to analyze the dominant role of the male community in Afghan society.  Western Feminists such as Judith Butler claim that all women face the same problems. However, their claim is challenged by Chandra Talpade Mohanty (1991) who is of the view that the claim of universal sisterhood is based on ethnocentricity. This paper analyses the inferior status of women in the patriarchal system of Afghanistan where people live under their cultural code called Pashtunwali. Pashtunwali assigns an active role to the male community under their privileged status while women are restricted to homes.  In this society, a man has to be rigid, authoritative and must keep women under his iron hands.  A man of weak nerves has no respect in Afghan society; he has to be strong enough to protect the honor of his family.  The study is based on textual analysis of Khaled Hosseini's novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns, in the light of Mohanty's views (1991).  Hosseini (2008) criticizes the marginalized status of women in Afghan society. Though the Afghan society is influenced by globalization which gives some space to women for social activities, male chauvinism remains the main feature of Pashtun culture wherein people are ruled by a male-oriented code of conduct called Pashtunwali.

scholarly journals PROGRAM PEMELIHARAAN KARYAWAN DALAM MENCAPAI TUJUAN INSTITUSI

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Tanto Heryanto
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Employee Morale ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Organizational Activity ◽  
Or Organization

ABSTRAKManusia selalu berperan aktif dan dominan dalam setiap kegiatan organisasi, karena manusia menjadi perencana, pelaku, dan penentu terwujudnya tujuan organisasi.Tujuan tidak mungkin terwujud tanpa peran aktif karyawan meskipun alat-alat yang dimiliki perusahaan begitu canggih. Karyawan adalah asset (kekayaan) utama setiap organisasi, yang selalu ikut berperan aktif dan paling menentukan tercapai tidaknya tujuan organisasi. Oleh karena itu, karyawan perlu mendapat pemeliharaan sebaik-baiknya dari pimpinan organisasi/perusahaan. Artikel dari artikel ini yaitu untuk menganalisis tujuan organisasi dalam pemeliharaan karyawan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam artikel ini yaitu kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analitik. Kesimpulan dari artikel ini yaitu pemeliharaan (maintenance) karyawan haruslah mendapat perhatian yang sungguh-sungguh dari manajer/pimpinan. Jika pemeliharaan karyawan kurang diperhatikan, semangat kerja, sikap, dan loyalitas karyawan akan menurun. Absensi dan turnover meningkat, disiplin akan menurun, sehingga fungsi pengadaan, pengembangan, kompensasi dan pengintegrasian yang telah dilakukan dengan baik dan biaya yang besar kurang berarti untuk menunjang tercapainya tujuan organisasi/perusahaan. Pemeliharaan karyawan bertujuan untuk mempertahankan atau meningkatkan kondisi fisik, mental, dan sikap karyawan agar mereka tetap loyal dan bekerja produktif untuk menunjang tercapainya tujuan organisasi/perusahaan. Untuk mewujudkan pemeliharaan karyawan yang baik, perusahaan atau organisasi harus melakukannya dengan metode; komunikasi yang baik, insentif yang adil dan layak, pemberian kesejahteraan, keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, serta dilaksanakannya hubungan industrial Pancasila.ABSTRACTHumans always play an active and dominant role in every organizational activity, because humans become planners, actors, and determinants of the realization of organizational goals. Goals cannot be realized without the active role of employees even though the tools owned by the company are so sophisticated. Employees are the main asset (wealth) of every organization, who always play an active role and most determine whether or not the organizational goals are achieved. Therefore, employees need to get the best possible care from the leadership of the organization/company. The article of this article is to analyze organizational goals in employee maintenance. The approach used in this article is qualitative with the analytical descriptive method. The conclusion of this article is that employee maintenance must receive serious attention from the manager/leader. If employee maintenance is not paid attention to, employee morale, attitude and loyalty will decline. Attendance and turnover increase, discipline will decrease, so that the functions of procurement, development, compensation and integration that have been carried out properly and at large costs do not mean to support the achievement of organizational/company goals. Employee maintenance aims to maintain or improve the physical, mental, and attitude conditions of employees so that they remain loyal and work productively to support the achievement of organizational/company goals. To achieve good employee maintenance, a company or organization must do it by method; good communication, fair and proper incentives, provision of occupational welfare, safety and health, and implementation of Pancasila industrial relations.

scholarly journals WOMEN IN THE IDENTITY CRISIS OF FEMINISM; A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON GENDER MOVEMENT BASED ON ISLAMIC PSYCHOLOGY PERSPECTIVE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Septi Gumiandari ◽  
Ilman Nafi'a
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Psychology Perspective ◽  
Islamic Psychology ◽  
Human Quality

<p><em>This paper attempted to analyze critically the women's movement that had been developing so far and tried to offer the ideology of the gender movement based on the values </em><em>of humanism of Islamic Psychology. This study used a qualitative methodology with a literature approach. The results showed that (1) the male clone tendency in the women's movement had actually been predicted by various parties, including by the female activists. Because of the obsession to equalize the active role of women as equal to men, the women's movement was trapped in standardizing themselves with male masculinity figures. On one hand, they rejected male domination on women, but on the other hand the ambitions of their movements are directed towards seizing the dominant patriarchal system and violating it under the authority of women. Even though Islam places women in the frame of proportionally optimistic rational roles. That is, Islam does not make women fully pretend to be 'backward' entities so that it does not allow them to gain enlightenment and Islam rejects thoughts that are too optimistic to position 'front' women as the sole determinant of their lives and must be above men. Both of these views have reduced women to fall into the destruction or glorification of human quality by ignoring the greatness and power of Sunnatullah over the surrounding conditions; (2) Acording to the values </em><em>of humanism of Islamic Psychology, the ideology of the gender movement should depart from the needs and be based on a) Women’s self-actualization rather than self-exploitation; b) Women’s Active participation rather than their mobilization and domestication. (c) Partnership rather than rivalism.</em></p>

scholarly journals 20 Years of the Croatian Capital Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (s1) ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
Mihaela Grubišić Šeba
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Development Indicators

Abstract From 1990s to the end of 2006 there have been two stock exchanges in Croatia - an official stock exchange in Zagreb and a so-called alternative capital market in Varaždin. The Zagreb stock exchange had a dominant role in the Western Balkan region until 2008, when its market capitalisation significantly decreased because of the influence of the global financial crisis and the economic downturn of the country. This paper analyses gradual regulatory and institutional development of the Croatian capital market, emergence and strengthening of institutional investors and assets under their management, key market development indicators related to market supply and demand and investor protection mechanisms. The research presented in this paper has shown the crucial role of regulation in attracting investors and sustaining their presence in the market. It also recommends more active role of regulation and stock exchange towards the issuers and small investors to encourage constant supply of corporate securities.

scholarly journals Science, Technology and the Supernatural in Contemporary Thai Novels

MANUSYA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Pornvipa Watarachanakool
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Contemporary Novels ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Brighter Future ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Role Of Local Cultures

As science and technology gain a high reputation and perform an increasingly dominant role in the present globalized era, old knowledge and wisdom, especially local forms, are fast disappearing. Will this trend necessarily bring about a brighter future for the whole world? Are science and technology trustworthy enough and safe enough for human beings to rely on without the other, dated, form of knowledge? These questions comprise the main interest of this paper, which endeavors to search for ideas, practices, and, also, expectations about the stated issues from Thai contemporary novels, in order to examine whether or not there is such a trend in Thai society, and what is the explanation. From literary and cultural anthropological perspectives, the findings seem to reflect that the Thai urban population are well aware of the increasing significance of science and technology and welcome them with enthusiasm. However, for the majority of the rural citizens, the information found presents a rather active role of local cultures and religion, which are closely related to beliefs in the supernatural. This paper is attempts to present some insight into this important issue.

The Future of Robo-Advisors in the South African Insurance Industry: Is the South African Regulatory Framework Ready?

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-204
Author(s):  
Samantha Huneberg
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
The South ◽  
Insurance Law ◽  
The Future ◽  
Industry Professionals

Insurance industries worldwide currently face disruption in many forms. Technology and artificial intelligence are changing the way we know and transact insurance. One way that technology is impacting insurance is through the use of robo-advisors. Robo-advisors provide automated advice to customers based on algorithms built into the software. This means that many people can now access insurance products at the click of a button. The previous dominant role of intermediaries and advisors in the insurance industry are not as significant in the procuring of insurance products as they used to be. Robo-advisors are able to provide on-demand advice at a lower price and with greater efficacy than their human counterpart. Many industry professionals welcome this change but there is a fear that the technology may render humans obsolete. The current regulatory framework in South Africa is relatively open to the use of automated advice and the future regulations appear to be pro-technology and innovation. This should allow for substantial growth in the insurance industry. Robo-advising should, therefore, play a more active role in procuring insurance products and maintaining these products. In terms of the current regulatory framework in South African insurance law, the question arises as to whether the regulatory framework accommodates the use of robo-advisors.

Role of Ayurveda in Communicable Diseases (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 730-733
Author(s):  
Smita Kamde ◽  
Gaurav Sawarkar
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Ancient Science ◽  
Inferior Status ◽  
Turn Over

Human health is an asset. Despite knowing this fact, humans tend to ignore this and go in pursuit of worldly assets ending up in ill-health. Because of the sedentary lifestyle and schedules of COVID-19 individuals have always been less concerned about the diet, exercises and the quality of healthy lifestyle and as a result of this human beings have the inferior status of health and have been prone to infectious diseases. In context, have mentioned about (misuse of intellect) which is a significant factor in causing diseases. The present scenario augments, that, it is time to turn over to the ancient science of life. The old life on maintaining the health by following (daily routine), (Seasonal regime), (code of conduct) wherein (body purification procedure) and (Rejuvenation therapy) secures the physical and mental health of an individual. In this literary study, an effort has been made to find out the role of holistic science of life in dealing with the communicable diseases and its acceptance globally.

Role of spectrin in membrane fusion and in shape change of human erythrocyte ghost

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Hideo Hayashi ◽  
Yoshikazu Hirai ◽  
John T. Penniston
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Bank Blood ◽  
Human Erythrocyte Ghost

Spectrin is a membrane associated protein most of which properties have been tentatively elucidated. A main role of the protein has been assumed to give a supporting structure to inside of the membrane. As reported previously, however, the isolated spectrin molecule underwent self assemble to form such as fibrous, meshwork, dispersed or aggregated arrangements depending upon the buffer suspended and was suggested to play an active role in the membrane conformational changes. In this study, the role of spectrin and actin was examined in terms of the molecular arrangements on the erythrocyte membrane surface with correlation to the functional states of the ghosts.Human erythrocyte ghosts were prepared from either freshly drawn or stocked bank blood by the method of Dodge et al with a slight modification as described before. Anti-spectrin antibody was raised against rabbit by injection of purified spectrin and partially purified.

Elucidation of block boundaries as the dissolution channels in hydrated cement

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
N.V. Belov ◽  
U.I. Papiashwili ◽  
B.E. Yudovich
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Hydrated Cement ◽  
Hardened Cement Paste

It has been almost universally adopted that dissolution of solids proceeds with development of uniform, continuous frontiers of reaction.However this point of view is doubtful / 1 /. E.g. we have proved the active role of the block (grain) boundaries in the main phases of cement, these boundaries being the areas of hydrate phases' nucleation / 2 /. It has brought to the supposition that the dissolution frontier of cement particles in water is discrete. It seems also probable that the dissolution proceeds through the channels, which serve both for the liquid phase movement and for the drainage of the incongruant solution products. These channels can be appeared along the block boundaries.In order to demonsrate it, we have offered the method of phase-contrast impregnation of the hardened cement paste with the solution of methyl metacrylahe and benzoyl peroxide. The viscosity of this solution is equal to that of water.

Chronic Pain: Fundamental Scientific Considerations, Specifically for Legal Claims

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Problematic Relationship

Abstract Scientific findings have indicated that psychological and social factors are the driving forces behind most chronic benign pain presentations, especially in a claim context, and are relevant to at least three of the AMA Guides publications: AMA Guides to Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation, AMA Guides to Work Ability and Return to Work, and AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. The author reviews and summarizes studies that have identified the dominant role of financial, psychological, and other non–general medicine factors in patients who report low back pain. For example, one meta-analysis found that compensation results in an increase in pain perception and a reduction in the ability to benefit from medical and psychological treatment. Other studies have found a correlation between the level of compensation and health outcomes (greater compensation is associated with worse outcomes), and legal systems that discourage compensation for pain produce better health outcomes. One study found that, among persons with carpal tunnel syndrome, claimants had worse outcomes than nonclaimants despite receiving more treatment; another examined the problematic relationship between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and compensation and found that cases of CRPS are dominated by legal claims, a disparity that highlights the dominant role of compensation. Workers’ compensation claimants are almost never evaluated for personality disorders or mental illness. The article concludes with recommendations that evaluators can consider in individual cases.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

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