scholarly journals Effects of Particle Size and Composite Composition of Carbon Microparticles as Reinforcement Components on Resin-Based Brake Pad Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
◽  
Alya Chairunnisa Tahira ◽  
Siti Nur Hofifah ◽  
Silmi Ridwan Putri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
A Value ◽  
Material Hardness ◽  
Bamboo Fibers ◽  
Loss Of Mass

This study aims to investigate the effect of particle size and composition of bamboo and clove leaves as reinforcement components on resin-based brake pad performance. Bamboo fibers contain cellulose and lignin, making them better mechanical properties compared to glass fibers. Clove leaves due to their containment of oil components can be used, playing roles in binding bamboo with resin material. In short, experiments were done by involving polymerization of polyester resin as an adhesive with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) at room temperature. The composition of polyester/MEKP/reinforcing components was fixed at a mass ratio of 10/1/1.76 and the particle size of the reinforcing components were 582 and 250 m. Reinforcing components were mixed carbonized bamboo fiber and dried clove leaves with a ratio of 4/1; 7/1; and 10/1. The results showed that smaller particles has better mechanical properties, and the more amount of bamboo particles give positive impacts on the material hardness. The best hardness value (reaching 24 N/cm2) and smallest pore volume (0.0213 cm3) were obtained when using the ratio of 10:1. While the smallest weight loss of mass at the rate of 0.1225 g/min was obtained by the ratio of 7/1. The largest friction coefficient and lowest wear rate were obtained by 4/1 with a value of 0.1108 and 1.08 g/s.mm2, respectively. This study demonstrates the use of biomass waste such as bamboo fiber and dried clove leaves as an alternative to asbestos and reduces the abundant waste of bamboo powder and dried clove leaves in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Effect of particle size and amount of nonmetallic PCB materials on the mechanical properties of rHDPE/PCB composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-267
Author(s):  
Johan Sohaili ◽  
Shantha Kumari Muniyandi ◽  
Siti Suhaila Mohamad ◽  
Azreen Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Fiber Materials

Composites based on recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) and nonmetallic printed circuit board (PCB)  waste were made through melt compounding and compression molding. In this study, the chemical compositions of the nonmetallic PCB material were determined via XRF and it was confirmed that it contains predominantly  72.7% of glass fiber materials which improve the mechanical performances of the rHDPE matrix. The main aim of this study is to determine the effect of different particle sizes and loadings of nonmetallic PCB on mechanical properties of rHDPE/PCB composite. The results indicated that mechanical properties of composites were excellent when nonmetallic materials with particle size from 0.09 to 0.15 mm and adding amount was 30 wt%. Microscopic images revealed that nonmetallic particles with the size of 0.07-0.09 mm and 0.09 -0.15 mm contained majority of single glass fibers whereas, bigger particle sizes of 0.15-0.3 mm and 0.3-0.5 mm, contained glass fibers in the form of bundles and large resin sheet.

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance and Moisture Absorption of Unidirectional Bamboo Fiber Polyester Composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Nabinejad ◽  
Sujan Debnath ◽  
Jack Kai Beh ◽  
Mohammad Yeakub Ali
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Bamboo Fibers

Bamboo fibers as a natural fiber offer numerous advantages such as high specific strength over synthetic fiber when used as reinforcing fiber for polymer composites. Yet the hydrophilic nature of bamboo fibers with high moisture absorption results in incompatibility in between bamboo fibers and unsaturated polyester resin. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of alkali treatment of bamboo fiber on the mechanical properties and water sorption properties of polyester composite. The result revealed that, the bamboo fiber polyester composite with 5% Alkali treated bamboo fiber possesses the highest mechanical properties. Besides, Alkali treated fibers composite showed a significant reduction in moisture uptake compared to untreated fibers, where composite with 7% Alkali treated showed the lowest moisture uptake.

Macro, Micro and Nanoscale Bamboo Fiber as a Potential Reinforcement for Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 668 ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane da Costa Correia ◽  
Fabíola Maria Siqueira ◽  
Rafael Donizetti Dias ◽  
Holmer Savastano
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Chemical Pulping ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Bamboo Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Nanofibrillation ◽  
Inorganic Matrices

Vegetal fibers are obtained from leaves, stalks, culms, fruit and seeds, and have been used in the macro, micro and nanoscale as partial replacement of synthetic fibers in organic and inorganic matrices. Bamboo has high strength fibers, and is one of main nonwood resources and is available in tropical areas worldwide. These characteristics justify the study and application of bamboo fiber as reinforcement in the macro, micro and nanoscale. The macrofibers were obtained from bamboo culms, the microfibers from the chemical pulping and the nanofibers were obtained from the mechanical nanofibrillation of the pulp. The fibers were subjected to chemical, physical, mechanical and morphological tests. There was modification in the chemical composition of the bamboo after pulping, such as decrease of amount of the lignin, hemicellulose and extractives in 42.4%, 33.3% and 83.7%, respectively.The bamboo fibers width have been reduced from 0.26 mm to 19.8 μm after pulping and after nanofibrillation process the width was reduced from 19.8 μm to 16.2 nm.The decrease of the fibers dimension can be seen from the micrographs and analyzing it mechanical properties, the bamboo fibers are a reinforcement potential in macro, micro and nanoscale to organic and inorganic matrices.

scholarly journals Development of Asbestos-free Brake Pads Using Bamboo Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-351
Author(s):  
N. O. Adekunle ◽  
K. A. Oladejo ◽  
S. I. Kuye ◽  
A. D. Aikulola
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Steel Dust ◽  
Automotive Brake

Asbestos-based brake pads are not desirable due to the carcinogenic nature of asbestos. Organic asbestos-free brake automotive brake pad produced from bamboo leaves was evaluated in this study. Ground bamboo leaves were sieved into sieve grades of 100, 200, and 350 μm. The sieved bamboo leaves particles were then combined with 15 % steel dust, 10% graphite, 20% resin, Silicon Carbide varied five (5) times between 35-55 % and 0-20% respectively for each sieve grade to make brake pads of different ratios. The mechanical properties (hardness, compressive strength, density, porosity, wear rate, and flame resistance) of the produced samples were investigated. The results showed that the finer the particle size of the bamboo leaves, the better the mechanical properties of the produced samples. The results of this work when compared with those of the commercial (asbestos based) brake pad showed they were in close agreement except for the wear rate and porosity property. Therefore, bamboo leaves could be used in the production of asbestos free brake pads if the wear rate and porosity properties of the produced samples could be improved.

scholarly journals Characterization of Thermal Bio-Insulation Materials Based on Oil Palm Wood: The Effect of Hybridization and Particle Size

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3287
Author(s):  
Indra Mawardi ◽  
Sri Aprilia ◽  
Muhammad Faisal ◽  
Samsul Rizal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Insulation Materials

Oil palm wood is the primary biomass waste produced from plantations, comprising up to 70% of the volume of trunks. It has been used in non-structural materials, such as plywood, lumber, and particleboard. However, one aspect has not been disclosed, namely, its use in thermal insulation materials. In this study, we investigated the thermal conductivity and the mechanical and physical properties of bio-insulation materials based on oil palm wood. The effects of hybridization and particle size on the properties of the panels were also evaluated. Oil palm wood and ramie were applied as reinforcements, and tapioca starch was applied as a bio-binder. Panels were prepared using a hot press at a temperature of 150 °C and constant pressure of 9.8 MPa. Thermal conductivity, bending strength, water absorption, dimensional stability, and thermogravimetric tests were performed to evaluate the properties of the panels. The results show that hybridization and particle size significantly affected the properties of the panels. The density and thermal conductivity of the panels were in the ranges of 0.66–0.79 g/cm3 and 0.067–0.154 W/mK, respectively. The least thermal conductivity, i.e., 0.067 W/mK, was obtained for the hybrid panels with coarse particles at density 0.66 g/cm3. The lowest water absorption (54.75%) and thickness swelling (18.18%) were found in the hybrid panels with fine particles. The observed mechanical properties were a bending strength of 11.49–18.15 MPa and a modulus of elasticity of 1864–3093 MPa. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that hybrid panels had better thermal stability than pure panels. Overall, the hybrid panels manufactured with a coarse particle size exhibited better thermal resistance and mechanical properties than did other panels. Our results show that oil palm wood wastes are a promising candidate for thermal insulation materials.

Mechanical Properties and Durability of Bamboo Fibers/Bamboo-Fiber-Mixed Spray Mortar for Slope Protection

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Fujiyoshi ◽  
Takao Ueda ◽  
Hitoshi Takagi ◽  
Masayuki Tsukagoshi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Base Surface ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Bamboo Fibers

Conventionally, short fibers such as steel and synthetic fibers have been mixed into spray mortar used for slope protection to enhance resistance against cracking and durability. However, in the quest of higher performance fiber-reinforced mortar with reduced impact on the environment, natural fibers such as bamboo fibers may play a vital role. Thus, the tensile strength and the bond strength of bamboo fibers used for spray mortar were examined by laboratory tests. The mechanical properties of bamboo-fiber-reinforced spray mortar were examined under cyclic wet and dry conditions along with its resistance against freezing and thawing by a spray test. It was confirmed that 0.75% mixture of bamboo fibers in spray mortar successfully improved mechanical properties and durability. These include adhesion strength to the base surface following exposure to cyclic wet/dry conditions and overall resistance against freezing/thawing. Moreover, higher compressive strength, flexural toughness and adhesion strength to the base surface were achieved by further mixing in vinylon fibers or fly ash in addition to bamboo fibers.

Relation between durability and mechanical properties on glass fiber reinforced slag-based geopolymer

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110438
Author(s):  
Lais Alves ◽  
Nordine Leklou ◽  
Silvio de Barros
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chamber Works ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Loss Of Mass ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This work seeks to improve the understanding of the durability of pure slag-based geopolymer composites containing glass fibers. Degradation by attack of saline mist, simulated by the salt-spray essay, was carried out for a period of 30 days. The test simulates the conditions found in the sea and nearby environments. The chamber works at relative humidity ∼97%, by nebulizing sodium chloride solutions with a concentration of 5% at 35 + 2 °C, solution pH between 6.5 and 7.2. After the cycle, the loss of mass and the compressive strength of the specimens were measured. The efflorescence formation in slag-based geopolymers is also assessed in this study to provide a better understanding of the effect of the synthesis parameters. It is noted that physical and chemical properties of geopolymers, and environmental exposure conditions can affect the rate of efflorescence formation. Besides the control set group, two different solutions to prevent efflorescence were tested, MgO and an efflorescence reduction agent from Sika®. The work aims to examine the effect of efflorescence formation on mechanical properties, through flexural and compressive strengths. A compromise between durability and mechanical properties was found for specimens enriched with 2% of efflorescence reduction agent.

scholarly journals Fabrication of 9,9′-Bis(aryl)fluorene-modified nanocellulose bamboo fiber composite

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3907-3915
Author(s):  
Khan Md Sefat ◽  
Takashi Kurose ◽  
Masahiro Yamada ◽  
Hiroshi Ito ◽  
Shinichi Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Green Composite ◽  
Hot Press Forming ◽  
Bamboo Fibers

A green composite was fabricated using bamboo fiber and 9,9′-bis(aryl)fluorene-modified cellulose nanofiber (FCNF). Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and finely crushed bamboo fiber (CBF) were also used as binders. The mechanical properties of the composites were compared. It was found that the FCNF-bamboo fiber composite had the maximum flexural strength among these binders. This result was likely due to strong bonding by chemical reactions among fibers and the FCNF. The effect of fiber orientation accuracy on the mechanical properties of the composites was also investigated. When the bamboo fibers were carefully aligned, without fibers crossing each other, the mechanical properties increased by two times, compared to the composites with fibers crossing each other. In the accurately aligned bamboo composites, the cross sections of the fibers were largely deformed by compression stress during hot-press forming. Thus, the gaps among fibers decreased, and interfacial adherence was improved. The effect of fabrication temperature on the mechanical properties of the FCNF-bamboo composite was also examined. It was found that the maximum flexural modulus and strength of the composites were at approximately 250 °C, and the mechanical properties rapidly decreased above 270 °C due to thermal degradation of the bamboo fiber.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Flexural Behavior of Sustainable Bamboo Fiber-Reinforced Mortar

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Maier ◽  
Alireza Javadian ◽  
Nazanin Saeidi ◽  
Cise Unluer ◽  
Hayden K. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Bamboo Fibers ◽  
By Products

In this study, a sustainable mortar mixture is developed using renewable by-products for the enhancement of mechanical properties and fracture behavior. A high-volume of fly ash—a by-product of coal combustion—is used to replace Portland cement while waste by-products from the production of engineered bamboo composite materials are used to obtain bamboo fibers and to improve the fracture toughness of the mixture. The bamboo process waste was ground and size-fractioned by sieving. Several mixes containing different amounts of fibers were prepared for mechanical and fracture toughness assessment, evaluated via bending tests. The addition of bamboo fibers showed insignificant losses of strength, resulting in mixtures with compressive strengths of 55 MPa and above. The bamboo fibers were able to control crack propagation and showed improved crack-bridging effects with higher fiber volumes, resulting in a strain-softening behavior and mixture with higher toughness. The results of this study show that the developed bamboo fiber-reinforced mortar mixture is a promising sustainable and affordable construction material with enhanced mechanical properties and fracture toughness with the potential to be used in different structural applications, especially in developing countries.

scholarly journals Effects of Particle Size and Composite Composition of Durian Peels and Banana Midribs' as Reinforcement Components on Resin-Based Brake Pad Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
◽  
Alma Tyara Simbara ◽  
Gabriela Chelvina Santiuly Girsang ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

This study aims to determine the effect of particle size and material composition on the performance of resin-based brake pads. Experiments were carried out by mixing 75% UPR with durian peel and banana midribs fibers using ratios of 1/1, 3/2, and 2/3 at particle sizes of 104 and 250 μm. The experimental results shows that decreasing the particle size improves the mechanical properties of brake pads, but gives a high wear value and a low coefficient of friction. In addition, an increase in the percentage of banana midrib fibers as a whole provides better brake pad performance. The results of the comparison between commercial-based brake pads confirm that agricultural waste is potential as an alternative to friction materials in brake pads. Brake pad with a fiber ratio of 2/3 104 μm had highest values of hardness, wear and friction coefficient, namely 20.33 N/cm3, 2.02 x 10-4 g/s.mm2, and 0.2465. while the 1/1 250 μm and 3/2 250 μm had the lowest coefficient values and compressive strength of 0.1195 and 9.14 N/cm3. This study demonstrates the use of biomass waste as an alternative to friction material to overcome the dangerous problem of using asbestos in brake pads.

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