scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of briquette by mixing rice and micrometer-sized carbon particles from potato and yam skins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Anggraeni ◽  
◽  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
Silmi Ridwan Putri ◽  
Aghisna Nuthfah Anshar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Equal Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Durability Index ◽  
Materials Used

The purpose of this study was to utilize waste potato skins (PS) and yam skins (YS) in the production of briquettes with rice waste as a binder. The basic materials used to utilize waste, especially potato skins (PS), yam skins (YS), and rice waste. Experiments were carried out by mixing and molding carbon particles made from an equal mass ratio of PS and YS with rice as binders (i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%). PS and YS were dried, carbonized at 250°C for 3 hours, and sieved to get sizes of 250 μm. To make compact briquettes, the molded materials were pressed with 5.66 Pa. Several characterizations were analyzed, including compressed density, relaxed density, relaxation ratio, percentage of moisture content, burning rate, percentage of water resistance index, percentage of durability index, specific fuel consumption, the puncture test, and the hardness test. The characterization results showed that the prepared briquettes have good quality, and the best was for 10% of adhesive. The best durability index was for briquettes with 30% of adhesive. The compressed density and water resistance index were optimum when using 40% of adhesive. In general, briquettes with a low amount of adhesive have a high-density value, low moisture content, and a long flammability. This research is expected to convey information regarding how to reuse rice waste as an adhesive for briquettes.

Preparation and Characterization of Sawdust Derived Bio-Fuel Pellets Depending on "Solid Bridge" Intertwining Action of Hyacinth Fiber

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 450-458
Author(s):  
Ling Jun Kong ◽  
Xiong Fei Zhang ◽  
Shuang Hong Tian ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Ya Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Fuel Pellet ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Solid Bridge

Densified biomass pellets named as H/S-BPs were prepared from waste wood sawdust (S) in the presence of water hyacinth fiber (H) as solid bridge under room temperature and 6 MPa lower than in the previous study. Mechanical properties including relaxed density (ρr), resiliency (R), abrasion resistance (AR) and impact resistance index (IRI) were evaluated. Results showed that adding H greatly reduced negative effect of resiliency on the mechanical properties of H/S-BPs during storage. For example, H/S-BPs compressed at 6 MPa in an H/S mass ratio of 1 to 3 presented lower resiliency of 10% and higher relaxed density of 1.04 kg dm-3 than pellets without H fiber. This is due to the intertwining action of H fiber, what fabricates solid bridge, replacing the bonding creating by applying high pressure to resist the disruptive force caused by elastic recovery. Thus, compression of waste H and S in a mass ratio of 1 to 3 at room temperature under 6 MPa is a cost-effective process to produce densified sustainable bio-fuel pellet as well as dispose waste S and H, combining the economical and environmental benefits.

Review on Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) Techniques for Improving the Mechanical Properties of Multi-Layered Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
A. Arun ◽  
Lakshmanan Poovazhgan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Accumulative Roll Bonding ◽  
Nanocrystalline Structure ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Roll Bonding ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Number Of Passes

Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) is one among the techniques in Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) which is used to produce ultrafine grains and nanocrystalline structure in the materials used. Tensile test, micro hardness test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and bending tests are the various tests carried out to understand the grain refinement of ARB materials. ARB is carried out in homogenous and heterogeneous materials to bring out the useful applications of ultrafine grained materials. ARB process mainly carried out in room, warm and hot temperature. The variations in the structure of the material are obtained by changing the load applied on the roller and by increasing the number of passes. This review paper brings out how the mechanical properties of the materials are improved by ARB process

scholarly journals Evaluation of the mechanical properties of wood-derived charcoal briquettes for use as a reductant

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.W. Makgobelele ◽  
R.K.K. Mbaya ◽  
J.R. Bunt ◽  
N.T. Leokaoke ◽  
H.W.J.P. Neomagus
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Future Work

SYNOPSIS Silicon Smelters consumes more than 80000 t/a of wood-derived charcoal as carbonaceous reductant in the production of silicon metal. More than 10% of this material is discarded as fines (<6 mm) generated due to abrasion during processing. Charcoal fine residues (<650 μm) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder were used in this study to produce mechanically strong charcoal briquettes for metallurgical application as carbonaceous reductant. The PVA binder was added in mass percentages of 1, 3, and 5 wt% to the charcoal fines. The compressive strength, abrasion resistance index (ARI), drop shatter resistance (SRI), and water resistance index (WRI) were measured as functions of curing for up to 7 days under atmospheric conditions, and the results compared with metallurgical grade coarse charcoal. The ash content of the produced briquettes was found to be high (6.6-8.0%) compared with the coarse charcoal (1-3%). The 3 and 5 wt% PVA-bound briquettes were found to be the strongest, with compressive strengths of 40 and 115 kg/cm2 respectively, with WRI values of 75 and 73% respectively. The produced briquettes were found to have lower ARI and SRI values compared to the coarse charcoal. Future work should include beneficiation of the fine charcoal discards prior to briquetting, and an increase in binder addition to above 6 wt% to improve the ARI and SRIn. Keywords: wood charcoal, fines, briquettes, reductant, polyvinyl alcohol binder, compressive strength, water resistance, curing time.

Preparation and Properties of Straw Fiber/Polylactic Acid Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Kang Chen ◽  
Xian Jun Li ◽  
Yi Qiang Wu ◽  
Ying Feng Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron

Straw fiber (SF)/polylactic acid (PLA) composites were prepared from SF and PLA. The effects of the composite SF/PLA mass ratio investigated in terms of mechanical properties, water resistance, crystal structure, and thermal properties were investigated. These composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopic (SEM), X-ray diffractometric (XRD), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The results showed that, when the SF/PLA mass ratio was 3/7, the mechanical properties and water resistance of these composites were the best. When the mass ratio exceeded 3/7, the interface compatibility in the composites decreased. As the SF/PLA mass ratio increased, the crystallinity and the heat resistance of the composites were decreased.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Penggunaan Tepung Keladi terhadap Kualitas Fisik dan Kandungan Nutrien Pelet Pakan Ayam

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Alex Sandro Liu ◽  
Tri Anggarini Yuniwaty Foenay ◽  
Theresia Nur Indah Koni
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Durability Index ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penggunaan tepung keladi dalam ransum ayam terhadap kualitas fisik dan kimia pelet. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jagung, bekatul, garam, konsentrat broiler, tepung ikan dan tepung talas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Ada lima perlakuan yaitu 0, 2,4, 6, dan 8% tepung keladi dengan empat ulangan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam dan uji jarak berganda duncan. Parameter yang diukur adalah ketahanan pelet terhadap gesekan, ketahanan pelet terhadap benturan, kadar air, protein kasar, dan kadar lemak kasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung keladi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap ketahanan gesekan dan protein kasar pelet. Namun, itu berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap ketahanan benturan, kadar air dan kadar lemak kasar. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan tepung umbi keladi hingga 6% menghasilkan pelet dengan ketahanan benturan yang baik. Kualitas nutrien yaitu kadar air terendah, kadar lemak tertinggi dan serat kasar terendah pada penggunaan tepung umbi keladi 4%. Disarankan tepung umbi keladi dapat digunakan hingga 4% dalam pakan pelet ayam.Kata kunci: kualitas fisik, kualitas kimia, pellet, tepung keladiABSTRACTThis study conducted to evaluate the effect of using taro meals in chicken rations on the physical and chemical quality of pellets. Materials used in this study are corn, rice bran, salt, broiler concentrates, fish meal, and taro meal. This study using an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD). These five treatments were 0, 2,4, 6, and 8% taro meal with four replications. The data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan multiple range test. Parameters were pellet durability, pellet durability index, moisture content, crude protein, and crude fat content. The result showed that using taro meal not significantly affect (P>0.05) to durability and crude protein of pellet. However, it has a significant effect (P<0.05) on the durability index, moisture content and crude fat content. The concluded was using of taro tubers meal up to 6% produced pellets with good durability index. Nutrient quality is the lowest moisture content, the highest crude fat content and the lowest crude fiber in the use of 4% taro tuber meal. So it is recommended taro tuber meal can be used up to 4% in  chicken pellet feedKeywords: physical quality, chemical quality, pellet, taro tuber meal

PENAMBAHAN ENZIM CAIRAN RUMEN LIMBAH RUMAH POTONG HEWAN PADA PAKAN BERBASIS WHEAT POLLARD DENGAN PROSES PENGOLAHAN PADA KOMPOSISI KIMIA PAKAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadik Pantaya., dkk
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Steam Temperature ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Durability Index ◽  
Feed Moisture ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Basal Ration

The present study was conducted to clarify the effect of addition of enzymes from rumen liquor on performance broiler of pelleting feed with basal ration of wheat pollard with addition of enzymes and processing broiler diets. Ruminal enzymes were extracted from Australian Commercial Cross (ACC) cattles. Application of enzyme on wheat pollard. Enzyme was reacted with wheatpollard and mixed with another feedstuff before steam pelleting process. The combination nine experimental diets were used as follows three levels enzyme supplementation (0, 620 and 1.240 U/kg) and three levels steam temperature at (60, 80 and 100 oC) Feed particles size, hardness, PDI (Pellet Durability Index), moisture content, protein, GE and hemicellulosa were evaluated parameter devided into nine treatmens were used in this research. Data from Completely Randomized Design factorial 3 x 3 were analyzed with Anova, if differences were continued by Duncan’s new multiple range test. Enzyme supplementation decreased feed hardness and PDI. There were interaction beetwen enzyme and temperature for feed moisture content. Hemicellulosa was significantly reduced by steam temperature at 80 and 100 oC and enzyme supplementation 1.240 U/kgKey Words: enzyme liquor rumen, wheat pollard, steam pelleting, feed Chemical composition

Emerging Techniques for the Characterization of Nano-Mechanical Properties of Integrated Circuit Components

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Randall ◽  
Rahul Premachandran Nair
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Solder Bumps ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
Circuit Components ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract With the growing complexity of integrated circuits (IC) comes the issue of quality control during the manufacturing process. In order to avoid late realization of design flaws which could be very expensive, the characterization of the mechanical properties of the IC components needs to be carried out in a more efficient and standardized manner. The effects of changes in the manufacturing process and materials used on the functioning and reliability of the final device also need to be addressed. Initial work on accurately determining several key mechanical properties of bonding pads, solder bumps and coatings using a combination of different methods and equipment has been summarized.

Micro-Hardness and Morphology of LDPE Influenced by Beta Radiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ovsik ◽  
Petr Kratky ◽  
David Manas ◽  
Miroslav Manas ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Beta Radiation ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
Different Doses

This article deals with the influence of different doses of Beta radiation to the structure and mico-mechanical properties of Low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Hard surface layers of polymer materials, especially LDPE, can be formed by radiation cross-linking by β radiation with doses of 33, 66 and 99 kGy. Material properties created by β radiation are measured by micro-hardness test using the DSI method (Depth Sensing Indentation). Individual radiation doses caused structural and micro-mechanical changes which have a significant effect on the final properties of the LDPE tested. The highest values of micro-mechanical properties were reached at radiation dose of 66 and 99 kGy, when the micro-hardness values increased by about 21%. The changes were examined and confirmed by X-ray diffraction.

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